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Tyana
Tyana, earlier known as Tuwana during the Iron Age, and TÅ«wanuwa during the Bronze Age, was an ancient city in the Anatolian region of Cappadocia, in modern Kemerhisar, NiÄŸde Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey. It was the capital of a Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite kingdom in the 1st millennium BC. Name The name of the city was () during the Hittite Empire, and () in the Luwian language during the Syro-Hittite period. From the Luwian name were derived: * the Neo-Assyrian Akkadian name of the city, (), * and the Ancient Greek name of the city, (; ). Geography Location The location of the Hittite TÅ«wanuwa/Neo-Hittite Tuwana/Classical Tyana corresponds to the modern-day town of Kemerhisar in NiÄŸde Province, Turkey. Surroundings The region around Tyana, which corresponded to roughly the same area as the former Iron Age kingdom of Tuwana, was known in Classical Antiquity as Tyanitis. History According to later Hittite sources, TÅ«wanuwa was an important cult centre, and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kemerhisar
Kemerhisar is a town (''belde'') in the Bor District, Niğde, Bor District, Niğde Province, Turkey. Its population is 5,463 (2022). Geography The distance from Kemerhisar to Bor, Niğde, Bor is and to Niğde is . It is only west of Bahçeli, Niğde, Bahçeli, another town of Niğde. History The earliest name of Kemerhisar was ''Tuwanuwa''. It was an important Hittites, Hittite city on the way to Cilician Gates in Taurus Mountains, Toros Mountains. During the Hellenistic age, the name was Tyana. It was briefly the capital of Cappadocia#History, Cappadocia, the vassal of Roman Empire. Apollonius of Tyana, a contemporary of Christ, was born in Tyana. The town was an important settlement during Roman Empire domination and the aqueduct, which is the symbol of the town, had been constructed by the emperors Trajan and Hadrian. After the town was incorporated into the Seljuk Empire in the 11th century, the Turkish people, Turks called the city ''Kilisehisar'' (Churchfort). The n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ḫupišna
Cybistra or Kybistra, earlier known as Ḫubišna, was a town of ancient Cappadocia or Cilicia. The main city of Kybistra/Ḫubišna was located at the site corresponding to present-day , about 10 km northeast of the modern town of Ereğli in Konya Province, Turkey. It was the capital of a Luwian-speaking Neo-Hittite kingdom in the 1st millennium BCE. Name The name of the city was recorded during the Old Assyrian Colony Period as (). The name of the city was ( and ) or () during the Hittite Empire. The city appears in Neo-Assyrian records under the names: * (), * (), * and (). During Classical Antiquity, the city became known as Cybistra (; ). History Bronze Age Middle Bronze Prior to the Hittite period, Hubisna was a stregic hub guarding the northern end of the Cilician Gates going south to Tarsus. According to the Telepinu Proclamation, Ḫubišna was one of the places which the 17th century BCE founder-king of the Hittite Old Kingdom, Labarna I had conquer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NiÄŸde Province
Niğde Province () is a Provinces of Turkey, province in the southern part of Central Anatolia, Turkey. Its area is 7,234 km2, and its population is 365,419 (2022) of which 170,511 live in the city of Niğde. The population was 348,081 in 2000 and 305,861 in 1990. Neighbouring provinces are Kayseri Province, Kayseri, Adana Province, Adana, Mersin Province, Mersin, Konya Province, Konya, Aksaray Province, Aksaray and Nevşehir Province, Nevşehir. The province is surrounded on three sides by mountain ranges: the Taurus Mountains, Mount Hasan, and the Melendiz Mountains. Districts Niğde province is divided into 6 Districts of Turkey, districts (capital district in bold): * Altunhisar District, Altunhisar * Bor District, Niğde, Bor * Çamardı District, Çamardı * Çiftlik District, Çiftlik * Niğde District, Niğde * Ulukışla District, Ulukışla Some of the towns within these districts are Bademdere, Bahçeli, Niğde, Bahçeli, Çiftehan, Darboğaz, Fertek and Kemerhis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cappadocia
Cappadocia (; , from ) is a historical region in Central Anatolia region, Turkey. It is largely in the provinces of Nevşehir, Kayseri, Aksaray, Kırşehir, Sivas and Niğde. Today, the touristic Cappadocia Region is located in Nevşehir province. According to Herodotus, in the time of the Ionian Revolt (499 BC), the Cappadocians were reported as occupying a region from the Taurus Mountains to the vicinity of the Euxine (Black Sea). Cappadocia, in this sense, was bounded in the south by the chain of mountains that separate it from Cilicia, to the east by the upper Euphrates, to the north by the Pontus, and to the west by Lycaonia and eastern Galatia. Van Dam, R. ''Kingdom of Snow: Roman rule and Greek culture in Cappadocia.'' Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002, p.13 The name, traditionally used in Christianity, Christian sources throughout history, continues in use as an international tourism concept to define a region of exceptional natural wond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarḫunz
Tarḫunz (stem: ''Tarḫunt-'') was the weather god and chief god of the Luwians, a people of Bronze Age and early Iron Age Anatolia. He is closely associated with the Hittite god Tarḫunna and the Hurrian god Teshub. Name The name of the Proto-Anatolian weather god can be reconstructed as ''*Tṛḫu-ent-'' ("conquering"), a participle form of the Proto-Indo-European root ''*terh2'', "to cross over, pass through, overcome". It has cognates in Hittite language, Hittite ''tarḫu-'', Latin ''trans-'', Dutch ''door'', German language, German ''durch'', and English ''through''. The same name was used in almost all Anatolian languages: Hittite ''Tarḫunna-''; Carian language, Carian ''Trquδ-''; Milyan language, Milyan ''Trqqñt-'', and Lycian language, Lycian: ''Trqqas'' (A), ''Trqqiz'' (B), who has been identified with Zeus. Norbert Oettinger has argued that the functions of the Anatolian weather god ultimately come from the Proto-Indo-European mythology, Proto-Indo-European go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warpalawas II
Warpalawas II () was a Luwian king of the Syro-Hittite kingdom of Tuwana in the region of Tabal who reigned during the late 8th century BC, from around to . Name Etymology The Luwian name was pronounced and was derived by adding the adjectival suffix to the adjective / (), meaning and , and cognate with the Hittite term (), meaning . According to the linguist Ilya Yakubovich, / could also be used as a title meaning "warrior," while the denoted status, thus giving the name the meaning of . The linguist Rostyslav Oreshko meanwhile interprets / as a substantivised epithet of the Luwian Storm-god Tarḫunzas, meaning , therefore giving to the name the meaning of , that is , being thus semantically similar to the name (), meaning . Cognates A Lydian cognate of the name is attested in the form () or () recorded in Phrygia. A Pisidian cognate of is also attested in the form (). In Akkadian Warpallawas II is referred to in Neo-Assyrian Akkadian sources as () and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phrygian Language
The Phrygian language () was the Indo-European language of the Phrygians, spoken in Anatolia (in modern Turkey), during classical antiquity (c. 8th century BCE to 5th century CE). Phrygian ethno-linguistic homogeneity is debatable. Ancient Greek authors used "Phrygian" as an umbrella term to describe a vast ethno-cultural complex located mainly in the central areas of Anatolia rather than a name of a single "tribe" or "people". Plato observed that some Phrygian words resembled Greek ones. Because of the fragmentary evidence of Phrygian, its exact position within the Indo-European language family is uncertain. Phrygian shares important features mainly with Greek, but also with Armenian and Albanian. Evidence of a Thraco- Armenian separation from Phrygian and other Paleo-Balkan languages at an early stage, Phrygian's classification as a centum language, and the high frequency of phonetic, morphological, and lexical isoglosses shared with Greek, have led to a current conse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Å uppiluliuma I
Šuppiluliuma I, also Suppiluliuma () or Suppiluliumas (died c. 1322 BC) () was an ancient Hittite king (r. –1322 BC).Bryce 2005: xv, 154; Freu 2007b: 311 dates the reign to c. 1350–c. 1319 BC; Kuhrt 1995: 230 dates him within the range 1370–1322 BC. Even before assuming the throne, Šuppiluliuma distinguished himself as a military commander protecting and reclaiming Hittite territories after a period of foreign attacks. Once king, he continued this program of consolidation and expansion, both in Anatolia and in Syria, with a great deal of success. Victories over a major rival, the Upper- Mesopotamian kingdom of Mittani, led to the extension of Hittite authority over a bevy of petty kingdoms in northern Syria, the installation of the Hittite king's younger sons as local viceroys at Aleppo and Carchemish, and the rump of the Mittanian state itself became effectively a dependency of the Hittite Kingdom. Relations with Egypt vacillated between friendship and hostility, culm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labarna I
Labarna was the traditional first king of the Hittites, (middle chronology), the most accepted chronology nowadays. He was the traditional founder of the Hittite Old Kingdom (fl. c. 1680(?)-1650 BC). His wife was Tawannanna. The existence of Labarna is questioned by some modern scholars. ''Labarna'' was also a title of early Hittite rulers, such as Hattusili I. Given the relatively few contemporaneous references to Labarna personally, some scholars have suggested that pioneering Hittitologists may have erred in assuming that Labarna was the personal name of a king. According to this theory, the first ''Labarna'' (in the sense of a title) was Hattusili I, who is normally regarded as the second ''Labarna''. ''Tabarna'', a variant of ''Labarna'', is mentioned often in Hattian, Hittite, Hurrian and Akkadian texts from the Hittite archives. Biography Labarna was not the first in line to the throne. PU-Sarruma designated Labarna as his successor after his own sons revolted against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syro-Hittite States
The states called Neo-Hittite, Syro-Hittite (in older literature), or Luwian-Aramean (in modern scholarly works) were Luwian and Aramean regional polities of the Iron Age, situated in southeastern parts of modern Turkey and northwestern parts of modern Syria, known in ancient times as lands of Hatti and Aram. They arose following the collapse of the Hittite New Kingdom in the 12th century BCE, and lasted until they were subdued by the Assyrian Empire in the 8th century BCE. They are grouped together by scholars, on the basis of several cultural criteria, that are recognized as similar and mutually shared between both societies, northern ( Luwian) and southern ( Aramaean). Cultural exchange between those societies is seen as a specific regional phenomenon, particularly in light of significant linguistic distinctions between the two main regional languages, with Luwian belonging to the Anatolian group of Indo-European languages and Aramaic belonging to the Northwest Semitic gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludwig Maximilian University Of Munich
The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (simply University of Munich, LMU or LMU Munich; ) is a public university, public research university in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. Originally established as the University of Ingolstadt in 1472 by Duke Ludwig IX of Bavaria-Landshut, it is Germany's List of universities in Germany, sixth-oldest university in continuous operation. In 1800, the university was moved from Ingolstadt to Landshut by King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria when the city was threatened by the French, before being transferred to its present-day location in Munich in 1826 by King Ludwig I of Bavaria. In 1802, the university was officially named Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität by King Maximilian I of Bavaria in honor of himself and Ludwig IX. LMU is currently the second-largest university in Germany in terms of student population; in the 2023/24 winter semester, the university had a total of 52,972 matriculated students. Of these, 10,138 were freshmen, while internati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
