''Alphabaculovirus'' is a genus of

virus A virus is a wikt:submicroscopic, submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living Cell (biology), cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and ...

es in the family ''

Baculoviridae ''Baculoviridae'' is a family of viruses. Arthropods, among the most studied being Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera, serve as natural hosts. Currently, 85 species are placed in this family, assigned to four genera. Baculoviruses are kno ...

''. The natural hosts of species in this family are

invertebrate Invertebrates are a paraphyletic group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''backbone'' or ''spine''), derived from the notochord. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chordate ...

s, among them winged insects ( Lepidopterans, Hymenopterans, Dipterans), and

decapods The Decapoda or decapods (literally "ten-footed") are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp and prawns. Most decapods are scavengers. The order is es ...

. However, species in this genus have been isolated only from Lepidoptera. There are 56 species in the genus.

Taxonomy

The following species are assigned to the genus: * '' Adoxophyes honmai nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * ''

Agrotis ipsilon multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Agrotis'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. The genus was erected by Ferdinand Ochsenheimer in 1816. A number of the species of this genus are extinct. Description The proboscis is well developed. Palpi obliquely porrect (exte ...

'' * '' Agrotis segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus A'' * '' Agrotis segetum nucleopolyhedrovirus B'' * '' Antheraea pernyi nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * ''

Buzura suppressaria nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Biston'' is a genus of large, long-winged moths belonging to the family Geometridae. It is most notable for containing the well-known peppered moth. The genus was first described by William Elford Leach in 1815. Distribution The species of '' ...

'' * ''

Catopsilia pomona nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Catopsilia'' is a genus of butterflies in the family Pieridae, commonly called migrants or emigrants. Species Ordered alphabetically.Choristoneura fumiferana DEF multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Choristoneura'' is a genus of moths in the family Tortricidae. Several species are serious pests of conifers, such as spruce and are known as spruce budworms. Species *'' Choristoneura adumbratanus'' (Walsingham, 1900) *''Choristoneura afric ...

Euproctis pseudoconspersa nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Euproctis'' is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae described by Jacob Hübner in 1819. Species are cosmopolitan, widespread throughout Palearctic, African, Oriental and Australian regions. Molecular phylogenetic studies indicate tha ...

'' * '' Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Hemileuca species nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * ''

Hyphantria cunea nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Hyphantria'' is a genus of tiger moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Thaddeus William Harris in 1841. The moths are primarily found in North and Central America. One species, ''Hyphantria cunea'', was introduced in western, ...

'' * ''

Hyposidra talaca nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Hyposidra'' is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae first described by Achille Guenée in 1857. Description Palpi hairy and reaching beyond the frons. Antennae of male usually bipectinate (comb like on both sides) with long branches to th ...

'' * '' Lambdina fiscellaria nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * ''

Leucania separata nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Leucania'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae first described by Ferdinand Ochsenheimer in 1816. Description Palpi obliquely upturned, where the second joint roughly scaled, and prominent, short, naked and depressed third joint. The ...

'' * '' Lonomia obliqua nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * ''

Lymantria dispar multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Lymantria'' is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. They are widely distributed throughout Europe, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Java, and Celebes. The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner in 1819. Description In the male, the p ...

'' * ''

Lymantria xylina nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Lymantria'' is a genus of tussock moths in the family Erebidae. They are widely distributed throughout Europe, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Java, and Celebes. The genus was erected by Jacob Hübner in 1819. Description In the male, the p ...

'' * ''

Mamestra brassicae multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Mamestra'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae described by Ochsenheimer in 1816. Perhaps the best known species is the cabbage moth, ''M. brassicae''. Species * ''Mamestra brassicae'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Mamestra configurata'' Walk ...

'' * ''

Mamestra configurata nucleopolyhedrovirus A ''Mamestra'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae described by Ochsenheimer in 1816. Perhaps the best known species is the cabbage moth, ''M. brassicae''. Species * ''Mamestra brassicae'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Mamestra configurata'' Walk ...

'' * ''

Mamestra configurata nucleopolyhedrovirus B ''Mamestra'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae described by Ochsenheimer in 1816. Perhaps the best known species is the cabbage moth, ''M. brassicae''. Species * ''Mamestra brassicae'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * ''Mamestra configurata'' Walk ...

'' * '' Maruca vitrata nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Mythimna unipuncta nucleopolyhedrovirus A'' * ''

Mythimna unipuncta nucleopolyhedrovirus B Mythimna ( el, Μύθημνα, Δήμος Μυθήμνης) is a former municipality in the Chania regional unit, Crete, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Kissamos, of which it is a municipal unit. T ...

'' * ''

Operophtera brumata nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Operophtera'' is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae erected by Jacob Hübner in 1825. Selected species * '' Operophtera bruceata'' (Hulst, 1886) – bruce spanworm (also native winter moth in North America) * ''Operophtera brumata' ...

'' * ''

Orgyia leucostigma nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Orgyia'' is a genus of tussock moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was described by Ochsenheimer in 1810. The species are cosmopolitan, except for the Neotropical realm. Description The male flies during the day. Its palpi are short, p ...

'' * ''

Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Orgyia'' is a genus of tussock moths of the family Erebidae. The genus was described by Ochsenheimer in 1810. The species are cosmopolitan, except for the Neotropical realm. Description The male flies during the day. Its palpi are short, po ...

'' * '' Oxyplax ochracea nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Peridroma saucia nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Perigonia lusca nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * '' Spodoptera eridania nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * ''

Spodoptera exempta nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Spodoptera'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae erected by Achille Guenée in 1852. Many are known as pest insects. The larvae are sometimes called armyworms. The roughly thirty species are distributed across six continents. Descript ...

'' * ''

Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus A ''Spodoptera'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae erected by Achille Guenée in 1852. Many are known as pest insects. The larvae are sometimes called armyworms. The roughly thirty species are distributed across six continents. Descr ...

'' * ''

Spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus B ''Spodoptera'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae erected by Achille Guenée in 1852. Many are known as pest insects. The larvae are sometimes called armyworms. The roughly thirty species are distributed across six continents. Descr ...

'' * ''

Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Spodoptera'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae erected by Achille Guenée in 1852. Many are known as pest insects. The larvae are sometimes called armyworms. The roughly thirty species are distributed across six continents. Descript ...

'' * ''

Spodoptera littoralis nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Spodoptera'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae erected by Achille Guenée in 1852. Many are known as pest insects. The larvae are sometimes called armyworms. The roughly thirty species are distributed across six continents. Descr ...

'' * ''

Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Spodoptera'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae erected by Achille Guenée in 1852. Many are known as pest insects. The larvae are sometimes called armyworms. The roughly thirty species are distributed across six continents. Descr ...

'' * '' Sucra jujuba nucleopolyhedrovirus'' * ''

Thysanoplusia orichalcea nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Thysanoplusia'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae described by Taira Ichinosé in 1973. Species * ''Thysanoplusia ablusa'' Felder, 1874 * ''Thysanoplusia acosmia'' Dufay, 1972 * ''Thysanoplusia anargyra'' Guenée, 1852 * ''Thysano ...

'' * ''

Trichoplusia ni single nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Trichoplusia'' is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. Species * '' Trichoplusia arachnoides'' Distant, 1901 * '' Trichoplusia aranea'' Hampson, 1909 * ''Trichoplusia callista'' Dufay, 1972 * ''Trichoplusia cinnabarina'' Dufay, 1972 * ' ...

'' * ''

Urbanus proteus nucleopolyhedrovirus Urbain Servranckx (born 7 June 1949), better known as Urbanus, is a Belgian comedian, actor, singer and comic book writer. Although he is most famous as comedian, some of his songs became hits, such as ''Bakske vol met stro'' (1979), ''Madamme ...

'' * ''

Wiseana signata nucleopolyhedrovirus ''Wiseana'' is a genus of moths, collectively known as porina, of the family Hepialidae. There are seven described species, all endemic to New Zealand. Some species of this genus are a major pest in New Zealand exotic pastures. It is imposs ...

Structure

Viruses in ''Alphabaculovirus'' are enveloped, with circular genomes around 80–180 kbp in length. The genome codes for 100 to 180 proteins.

Life cycle

''Alphabaculovirus'' replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral

glycoprotein Glycoproteins are proteins which contain oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to amino acid side-chains. The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in a cotranslational or posttranslational modification. This process is known as g ...

s to host receptors, which mediates

endocytosis Endocytosis is a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell. The material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane, which then buds off inside the cell to form a vesicle containing the ingested material. E ...

. Replication follows the double-stranded DNA bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated transcription with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription.

Translation Translation is the communication of the Meaning (linguistic), meaning of a #Source and target languages, source-language text by means of an Dynamic and formal equivalence, equivalent #Source and target languages, target-language text. The ...

takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export and exists in occlusion bodies after cell death, remaining infectious until finding another host. Winged insects, arthropods, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Decapoda serve as natural hosts. Transmission routes are fecal-oral.

References

External links

ICTV Report: ''Baculoviridae''

{{Taxonbar, from=Q9607776 Baculoviridae Virus genera