''Acremonium'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

fungi A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as one ...

in the family Hypocreaceae. It used to be known as ''Cephalosporium''.

Description

''Acremonium''

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

are usually slow-growing and are initially compact and moist. Their hyphae are fine and hyaline, and produce mostly simple phialides. Their conidia are usually one-celled (i.e. ameroconidia), hyaline or pigmented, globose to cylindrical, and mostly aggregated in slimy heads at the apex of each phialide. '' Epichloë'' species are closely related and were once included in ''Acremonium'', but were later split off into a new genus '' Neotyphodium'', which has now been restructured within the genus '' Epichloë''.

Clinical significance

The genus ''Acremonium'' contains about 100 species, of which most are saprophytic, being isolated from dead plant material and soil. Many species are recognized as opportunistic pathogens of human and animals, causing eumycetoma, onychomycosis, and hyalohyphomycosis. Infections of humans by fungi of this genus are rare, but clinical manifestations of hyalohyphomycosis caused by ''Acremonium'' may include arthritis,

osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis (OM) is the infectious inflammation of bone marrow. Symptoms may include pain in a specific bone with overlying redness, fever, and weakness. The feet, spine, and hips are the most commonly involved bones in adults. The cause is ...

, peritonitis, endocarditis, pneumonia,

cerebritis Cerebritis is the inflammation of the cerebrum, which performs a number of important functions, such as memory and speech. It is also defined as a purulent nonencapsulated parenchymal infection of the brain which is characterized by nonspecif ...

, and subcutaneous infection. The

cephalosporins The cephalosporins (sg. ) are a class of β-lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungus ''Acremonium'', which was previously known as ''Cephalosporium''. Together with cephamycins, they constitute a subgroup of β-lactam antibiotic ...

, a class of β-lactam antibiotics, were derived from ''Acremonium''. It was first isolated as an antibiotic by the Italian pharmacologist

Giuseppe Brotzu Giuseppe Brotzu ( Cagliari, 24 January 1895 – Cagliari, 8 April 1976) was an Italian pharmacologist and politician. Biography Giuseppe Brotzu was born in Ghilarza, a town now part of the Province of Oristano, Sardinia. He graduated from ...

in 1948. Some species in the genus ''Acermonium'', such as

Acremonium egyptiacum ''Acremonium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Hypocreaceae. It used to be known as ''Cephalosporium''. Description ''Acremonium'' species are usually slow-growing and are initially compact and moist. Their hyphae are fine and hyaline, and ...

, can produce the

meroterpenoids A meroterpene (or meroterpenoid) is a chemical compound having a partial terpenoid structure. Examples Terpenophenolics Terpenophenolics are compounds that are part terpenes, part natural phenols. Plants in the genus '' Humulus'' and '' Cann ...

Ascofuranone Ascofuranone is an antibiotic produced by various ascomycete fungi including '' Acremonium sclerotigenum'' that inhibits the '' Trypanosoma brucei'' alternative oxidase and is a lead compound in efforts to produce other drugs targeting this enzy ...

and Ascochlorin, which have promising capabilities as antibiotics.

Species

* ''

Acremonium acutatum ''Acremonium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Hypocreaceae. It used to be known as ''Cephalosporium''. Description ''Acremonium'' species are usually slow-growing and are initially compact and moist. Their hyphae are fine and hyaline, and ...

'' * ''

Acremonium alabamense ''Acremonium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Hypocreaceae. It used to be known as ''Cephalosporium''. Description ''Acremonium'' species are usually slow-growing and are initially compact and moist. Their hyphae are fine and hyaline, and ...

'' * '' Acremonium alcalophilum'' * '' Acremonium alternatum'' * '' Acremonium antarcticum'' * '' Acremonium apii'' * '' Acremonium arxii'' * '' Acremonium atrogriseum'' * '' Acremonium bacillisporum'' * '' Acremonium bactrocephalum'' * '' Acremonium biseptum'' * '' Acremonium blochii'' * '' Acremonium borodinense'' * '' Acremonium brachypenium'' * ''

Acremonium breve ''Acremonium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Hypocreaceae. It used to be known as ''Cephalosporium''. Description ''Acremonium'' species are usually slow-growing and are initially compact and moist. Their hyphae are fine and hyaline, and pr ...

'' * '' Acremonium brunnescens'' * '' Acremonium byssoides'' * '' Acremonium camptosporum'' * '' Acremonium cavaraeanum'' * '' Acremonium charticola'' * '' Acremonium chilense'' * '' Acremonium chrysogenum'' * '' Acremonium crotocinigenum'' * '' Acremonium cucurbitacearum'' * '' Acremonium curvulum'' * '' Acremonium cymosum'' * '' Acremonium dichromosporum'' * '' Acremonium diospyri'' * '' Acremonium domschii'' * ''

'' * '' Acremonium exiguum'' * '' Acremonium falciforme'' * '' Acremonium flavum'' * '' Acremonium furcatum'' * '' Acremonium fusidioides'' * '' Acremonium fusisporum'' * '' Acremonium gamsii'' * ''

Acremonium glaucum ''Acremonium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Hypocreaceae. It used to be known as ''Cephalosporium''. Description ''Acremonium'' species are usually slow-growing and are initially compact and moist. Their hyphae are fine and hyaline, and ...

'' * '' Acremonium guillematii'' * '' Acremonium hansfordii'' * '' Acremonium hennebertii'' * '' Acremonium hyalinulum'' * '' Acremonium hypholomatis'' * '' Acremonium implicatum'' * '' Acremonium incoloratum'' * '' Acremonium incrustatum'' * '' Acremonium isabellae'' * '' Acremonium kiliense'' * '' Acremonium lichenicola'' * '' Acremonium lindtneri'' * '' Acremonium lolii'' * '' Acremonium longisporum'' * '' Acremonium masseei'' * '' Acremonium minutisporum'' * '' Acremonium nectrioidea'' * '' Acremonium nepalense'' * '' Acremonium nigrosclerotium'' * '' Acremonium ochraceum'' * '' Acremonium olidum'' * '' Acremonium persicinum'' * '' Acremonium pinkertoniae'' * '' Acremonium polychromum'' * ''

Acremonium potronii ''Acremonium'' is a genus of fungi in the family Hypocreaceae. It used to be known as ''Cephalosporium''. Description ''Acremonium'' species are usually slow-growing and are initially compact and moist. Their hyphae are fine and hyaline, and ...

References

External links

Hyaline Hyphomycetes
{{Authority control Sordariomycetes genera Hypocreaceae

Description

Clinical significance

Species

See also

References

External links