S01A Antiinfectives

S01AA Antibiotics

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Chloramphenicol Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes use as an eye ointment to treat conjunctivitis. By mouth or by intravenous, injection into a vein, it is used to treat meningitis, pl ...

:S01AA02

Chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline (trade name Aureomycin, Lederle Laboratories) is a tetracycline antibiotic, the first tetracycline to be identified. It was discovered in 1945 at Lederle Laboratories under the supervision of Yellapragada Subbarow and Benjamin ...

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Neomycin Neomycin, also known as framycetin, is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that displays bactericidal activity against Gram-negative aerobic bacilli and some anaerobic bacilli where resistance has not yet arisen. It is generally not effective against ...

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Oxytetracycline Oxytetracycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic, the second of the group to be discovered. Oxytetracycline works by interfering with the ability of bacteria to produce essential proteins. Without these proteins, the bacteria cannot ...

:S01AA05

Tyrothricin Tyrothricin is an antibiotic mixture which was isolated from ''Brevibacillus brevis'' by Rene Dubos in the late 1930s. It was later shown by Dubos and Rollin Hotchkiss to be a mixture of two different antibiotics: gramicidin and tyrocidine. B ...

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Framycetin Neomycin, also known as framycetin, is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that displays bactericidal activity against Gram-negative aerobic bacilli and some anaerobic bacilli where resistance has not yet arisen. It is generally not effective against G ...

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Tetracycline Tetracycline, sold under various brand names, is an antibiotic in the tetracyclines family of medications, used to treat a number of infections, including acne, cholera, brucellosis, plague, malaria, and syphilis. It is available in oral an ...

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Natamycin Natamycin, also known as pimaricin, is an antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections around the eye. This includes infections of the eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea. It is used as eyedrops. Natamycin is also used in the food in ...

:S01AA11

Gentamicin Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections. This may include bone infections, endocarditis, pelvic inflammatory disease, meningitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and sepsis amo ...

:S01AA12

Tobramycin Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from '' Streptomyces tenebrarius'' that is used to treat various types of bacterial infections, particularly Gram-negative infections. It is especially effective against species of ''Pseudomo ...

:S01AA13

Fusidic acid Fusidic acid, sold under the brand name Fucidin among others, is a steroid antibiotic that is often used topically in creams or ointments and eyedrops but may also be given systemically as tablets or injections. , the global problem of ad ...

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Benzylpenicillin Benzylpenicillin, also known as penicillin G (PenG) or BENPEN, is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes pneumonia, strep throat, syphilis, necrotizing enterocolitis, diphtheria, gas gangrene, leptospiro ...

:S01AA15

Dihydrostreptomycin Dihydrostreptomycin is a derivative of streptomycin that has a bactericidal properties. It is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis. It acts by irreversibly binding the S12 protein in the bacterial 30S ...

:S01AA16

Rifamycin The rifamycins are a group of antibiotics that are synthesized either naturally by the bacterium '' Amycolatopsis rifamycinica'' or artificially. They are a subclass of the larger family of ansamycins. Rifamycins are particularly effective aga ...

:S01AA17

Erythromycin Erythromycin is an antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes respiratory tract infections, skin infections, chlamydia infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, and syphilis. It may also be used ...

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Polymyxin B Polymyxin B, sold under the brand name Poly-Rx among others, is an antibiotic used to treat meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, and urinary tract infections. While it is useful for many Gram negative infections, it is not useful for Gram positive infe ...

:S01AA19

Ampicillin Ampicillin is an antibiotic belonging to the aminopenicillin class of the penicillin family. The drug is used to prevent and treat several bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, s ...

:S01AA20 Antibiotics in combination with other drugs :S01AA21

Amikacin Amikacin is an antibiotic medication used for a number of bacterial infections. This includes joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis, and urinary tract infections. It is also used for the treatment of ...

:S01AA22 Micronomicin :S01AA23

Netilmicin Netilmicin (1-''N''-ethylsisomicin) is a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic, and a derivative of sisomicin, produced by '' Micromonospora inyoensis''. Aminoglycoside antibiotics have the ability to kill a wide variety of bacteria. Netilmicin ...

:S01AA24

Kanamycin Kanamycin A, often referred to simply as kanamycin, is an antibiotic used to treat severe bacterial infections and tuberculosis. It is not a first line treatment. It is used by mouth, injection into a vein, or injection into a muscle. Kanamy ...

:S01AA25 Azidamfenicol :S01AA26

Azithromycin Azithromycin, sold under the brand names Zithromax (in oral form) and Azasite (as an eye drop), is an antibiotic medication used for the treatment of several bacterial infections. This includes otitis media, middle ear infections, strep throa ...

:S01AA27

Cefuroxime Cefuroxime, sold under the brand name Zinacef among others, is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat and prevent a number of bacterial infections. These include pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, sepsis, urinary tract inf ...

:S01AA28

Vancomycin Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic medication used to treat certain bacterial infections. It is administered intravenously ( injection into a vein) to treat complicated skin infections, bloodstream infections, endocarditis, bone an ...

:S01AA29 Dibekacin :S01AA30 Combinations of different antibiotics :S01AA31 Cefmenoxime :S01AA32

Bacitracin Bacitracin is a polypeptide antibiotic. It is a mixture of related cyclic peptides produced by '' Bacillus licheniformis'' bacteria, that was first isolated from the variety "Tracy I" ( ATCC 10716) in 1945. These peptides disrupt Gram-positiv ...

:QS01AA90

Cloxacillin Cloxacillin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of several bacterial infections. This includes impetigo, cellulitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, and otitis externa. It is not effective for methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' ( ...

S01AB Sulfonamides

:S01AB01 Sulfamethizole :S01AB02 Sulfafurazole :S01AB03 Sulfadicramide :S01AB04

Sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide is a sulfonamide antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of bacterial infections, particularly those affecting the eyes and skin. It functions by inhibiting the synthesis of folic acid in bacteria, which is essential for their gr ...

:S01AB05 Sulfafenazol

S01AD Antivirals

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Idoxuridine Idoxuridine is an anti-herpesvirus antiviral drug. It is a nucleoside analogue, a modified form of deoxyuridine, similar enough to be incorporated into viral DNA replication, but the iodine atom added to the uracil component blocks base pairing. ...

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Trifluridine Trifluridine (also called trifluorothymidine; abbreviation TFT or FTD) is an anti-herpesvirus antiviral drug, used primarily as prescription eyedrops. It was sold under the trade name Viroptic by Glaxo Wellcome, now merged into GlaxoSmithKline. ...

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Aciclovir Aciclovir, also known as acyclovir, is an antiviral medication. It is primarily used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, chickenpox, and shingles. Other uses include the prevention of cytomegalovirus infections following tran ...

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Interferon Interferons (IFNs, ) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten ...

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Vidarabine Vidarabine or 9-β-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) is an antiviral drug which is active against herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses. Medical use Selectivity Vidarabine is less susceptible to the development of drug resistant strai ...

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Famciclovir Famciclovir is a guanosine analogue antiviral drug used for the treatment of various herpesvirus infections, most commonly for herpes zoster (shingles). It is a prodrug form of penciclovir with improved oral bioavailability. Famciclovir is mark ...

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Fomivirsen Fomivirsen (brand name Vitravene) is an antisense antiviral drug that was used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV) in immunocompromised patients, including those with AIDS. It was administered via intraocular injection. It was di ...

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Ganciclovir Ganciclovir, sold under the brand name Cytovene among others, is an antiviral medication used to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. Ganciclovir was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1988. Medical use Ganciclovir is indicated ...

S01AE Fluoroquinolones

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Ofloxacin Ofloxacin is a quinolone antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. When taken Oral administration, by mouth or intravenous, injection into a vein, these include pneumonia, cellulitis, urinary tract infections, prost ...

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Norfloxacin Norfloxacin, sold under the brand name Noroxin among others, is an antibiotic An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting pathogenic bacteri ...

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Ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, certain types of infectious diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, skin ...

:S01AE04

Lomefloxacin Lomefloxacin hydrochloride (sold under the following brand names in English-speaking countries Maxaquin, Okacyn, Uniquin) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is ...

:S01AE05

Levofloxacin Levofloxacin, sold under the brand name Levaquin among others, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone drug class. It is the left-handed isomer of the medication ofloxacin. It is used to treat a number of bacterial infections ...

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Gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin (brand names Gatiflo, Tequin, and Zymar) is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. It was patented in 1 ...

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Moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin is an antibiotic, used to treat bacterial infections, including pneumonia, conjunctivitis, endocarditis, tuberculosis, and sinusitis. It can be given by mouth, by injection into a vein, and as an eye drop. Common side effec ...

:S01AE08 Besifloxacin :S01AE09 Tosufloxacin

S01AX Other antiinfectives

:S01AX01 Mercury compounds :S01AX02

Silver Silver is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Ag () and atomic number 47. A soft, whitish-gray, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. ...

compounds :S01AX03

Zinc Zinc is a chemical element; it has symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is a slightly brittle metal at room temperature and has a shiny-greyish appearance when oxidation is removed. It is the first element in group 12 (IIB) of the periodic tabl ...

compounds :S01AX04

Nitrofural Nitrofurazone (INN, trade name Furacin) is an antimicrobial organic compound belonging to the nitrofuran class. It is most commonly used as a topical antibiotic ointment. It is effective against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, ...

:S01AX05

Bibrocathol Bibrocathol ( INN; trade names Noviform and Posiformin) is a pharmaceutical antiseptic. Its chemical name is 4,5,6,7-tetrabrom-1,3,2-benzodioxabismol-2-ol. It contains bismuth Bismuth is a chemical element; it has symbol Bi and atomic number ...

:S01AX06

Resorcinol Resorcinol (or resorcin) is a phenolic compound. It is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(OH)2. It is one of three isomeric benzenediols, the 1,3-isomer (or ''meta- (chemistry), meta''-isomer). Resorcinol crystallizes from benzene as co ...

:S01AX07

Sodium borate Sodium borate is a generic name for any salt (chemistry), salt of sodium with an anion consisting of boron and oxygen, and possibly hydrogen, or any hydrate thereof. It can be seen as a hydrated sodium salt of the appropriate boroxy acid, although t ...

:S01AX08

Hexamidine Hexamidine is an antiseptic and a disinfectant. Hexomedine is the trade name of a diisethionate solution (1/1.000) of hexamidine. Hexamidine is used primarily as its diisethionate salt, which is more water-soluble than the dihydrochloride. The di ...

:S01AX09

Chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine is a disinfectant and antiseptic which is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to disinfect surgical instruments. It is also used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of the mouth, and ...

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Sodium propionate Sodium propanoate or sodium propionate is the sodium salt (chemistry), salt of propionic acid which has the chemical formula Sodium, Na(Carbon, C2Hydrogen, H5Carbon, COxygen, OOxygen, O). This white crystalline solid is deliquescent in moist air. ...

:S01AX14 Dibrompropamidine :S01AX15 Propamidine :S01AX16 Picloxydine :S01AX18

Povidone-iodine Povidone-iodine (PVP-I), also known as iodopovidone, is an antiseptic used for skin disinfection before and after surgery. It may be used both to disinfect the hands of healthcare providers and the skin of the person they are caring for. It may ...

:S01AX24 Polihexanide :S01AX25 Lotilaner

S01B Antiinflammatory agents

S01BA Corticosteroids, plain

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Dexamethasone Dexamethasone is a fluorinated glucocorticoid medication used to treat rheumatic problems, a number of skin diseases, severe allergies, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), croup, brain swelling, eye pain following eye su ...

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Hydrocortisone Hydrocortisone is the name for the hormone cortisol when supplied as a medication. It is a corticosteroid and works as an anti-inflammatory and by immune suppression. Uses include conditions such as adrenocortical insufficiency, adrenogenit ...

:S01BA03

Cortisone Cortisone is a pregnene (21-carbon) steroid hormone. It is a naturally-occurring corticosteroid metabolite that is also used as a pharmaceutical prodrug. Cortisol is converted by the action of the enzyme corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase ...

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Prednisolone Prednisolone is a corticosteroid, a steroid hormone used to treat certain types of allergies, inflammation, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, and cancers, Electrolyte imbalance, electrolyte imbalances and skin conditions. Some of ...

:S01BA05

Triamcinolone Triamcinolone is a glucocorticoid used to treat certain skin diseases, allergies, and rheumatic disorders among others. It is also used to prevent worsening of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It can be taken in variou ...

:S01BA06

Betamethasone Betamethasone is a corticosteroid, steroid medication. It is used for a number of diseases including rheumatic disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, skin diseases such as dermatitis and psoriasis, allergic co ...

:S01BA07

Fluorometholone Fluorometholone ( INN, BAN, JAN) (brand names Efflumidex, Flucon, FML Forte, FML, others), also known as 6α-methyl-9α-fluoro-11β,17α-dihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, is a synthetic glucocorticoid which is used in the treatment of infl ...

:S01BA08 Medrysone :S01BA09 Clobetasone :S01BA10

Alclometasone Alclometasone is a synthetic corticosteroid for topical dermatologic use, possessing anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties. The prodrug alclometasone dipropionate was originally marketed under the brand name Aclovate ...

:S01BA11

Desonide Desonide ( INN) is a low-potency topical corticosteroid anti-inflammatory that has been available since the 1970s. It is primarily used to treat atopic dermatitis ( eczema), seborrheic dermatitis, contact dermatitis Contact dermatitis is ...

:S01BA12

Formocortal Formocortal (INN), also known as fluoroformylone, is a corticosteroid used in dermatology and ophthalmology. It was introduced in around 1970 and is not known to be marketed . See also * Glucocorticoid Glucocorticoids (or, less commonly, g ...

:S01BA13

Rimexolone Rimexolone is a glucocorticoid steroid used to treat inflammation in the eye. It is marketed as a 1% eye drop suspension under the trade name Vexol by Alcon Laboratories, but was discontinued in the US and other countries. Drugs.com: . Medical ...

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Loteprednol Loteprednol (formulated as the ester loteprednol etabonate) is a topical corticosteroid used to treat inflammations of the eye. It is marketed by Bausch and Lomb as Lotemax and Loterex. It was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in ...

:S01BA15

Fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone acetonide is a fluorinated corticosteroid primarily used in dermatology to reduce skin inflammation and relieve itching. It is a synthetic hydrocortisone derivative. The fluorine substitution at position 9 in the steroid nucleus gr ...

:S01BA16 Difluprednate

S01BB Corticosteroids and mydriatics in combination

:S01BB01 Hydrocortisone and mydriatics :S01BB02 Prednisolone and mydriatics :S01BB03 Fluorometholone and mydriatics :S01BB04 Betamethasone and mydriatics

S01BC Antiinflammatory agents, non-steroids

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Indometacin Indometacin, also known as indomethacin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used as a prescription medication to reduce fever, pain, stiffness, and swelling from inflammation. It works by inhibiting the production of ...

:S01BC02

Oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is a metabolite of phenylbutazone. It was withdrawn from markets worldwide in mid-1980s due to bone marrow suppression and the risk of Stevens–Johnson syndrome. In ''Scrabbl ...

:S01BC03

Diclofenac Diclofenac, sold under the brand name Voltaren among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain and inflammatory diseases such as gout. It can be taken orally (swallowed by mouth), inserted rectally as a ...

:S01BC04

Flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen is a member of the phenylalkanoic acid derivative family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). It is primarily indicated as a pre-operative anti-miotic (in an ophthalmic solution) as well as orally for arthritis or den ...

:S01BC05

Ketorolac Ketorolac, sold under the brand name Toradol, Acular and Sprix, among others, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat pain. Specifically it is recommended for moderate to severe pain. Recommended duration of treatment is l ...

:S01BC06

Piroxicam Piroxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the oxicam class used to relieve the symptoms of painful inflammatory conditions like arthritis. Piroxicam works by preventing the production of endogenous prostaglandins which are inv ...

:S01BC07 Bendazac :S01BC08

Salicylic acid Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4COOH. A colorless (or white), bitter-tasting solid, it is a precursor to and a active metabolite, metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). It is a plant hormone, and has been lis ...

:S01BC09

Pranoprofen Pranoprofen (INN) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used in ophthalmology Ophthalmology (, ) is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and surgery of eye diseases and disorders. An ophthalmologist is a ...

:S01BC10 Nepafenac :S01BC11

Bromfenac Bromfenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) marketed in the US as an ophthalmic solution (brand names Prolensa and Bromday, prior formulation brand name Xibrom, which has since been discontinued) by ISTA Pharmaceuticals for shor ...

S01C Antiinflammatory agents and antiinfectives in combination

S01CA Corticosteroids and antiinfectives in combination

:S01CA01 Dexamethasone and antiinfectives :S01CA02 Prednisolone and antiinfectives :S01CA03 Hydrocortisone and antiinfectives :S01CA04

Fluocortolone Fluocortolone is a glucocorticoid used in the treatment of several conditions, including hemorrhoids. It is similar to fluocortin, but with one less carbonyl group. See also * Corticosteroids Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones ...

and antiinfectives :S01CA05 Betamethasone and antiinfectives :S01CA06

Fludrocortisone Fludrocortisone, sold under the brand name Florinef among others, is a corticosteroid used to treat congenital adrenal hyperplasia, postural hypotension, and adrenal insufficiency. In adrenal insufficiency, it is generally taken together wit ...

and antiinfectives :S01CA07 Fluorometholone and antiinfectives :S01CA08

Methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone (Depo-Medrol, Medrol, Solu-Medrol) is a synthetic glucocorticoid, primarily prescribed for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. It is either used at low doses for chronic illnesses or used at high doses durin ...

and antiinfectives :S01CA09

Chloroprednisone Chloroprednisone is a topical glucocorticoid first reported in 1960. It is a chlorinated derivative of prednisone. The acetate ester prodrug, chloroprednisone 21-acetate, was sold under the brand name Topilan as an anti-inflammatory agent. The ...

and antiinfectives :S01CA10 Fluocinolone acetonide and antiinfectives :S01CA11 Clobetasone and antiinfectives :S01CA12

and antiinfectives

S01CB Corticosteroids/antiinfectives/mydriatics in combination

:S01CB01 Dexamethasone :S01CB02 Prednisolone :S01CB03 Hydrocortisone :S01CB04 Betamethasone :S01CB05 Fluorometholone

S01CC Antiinflammatory agents, non-steroids and antiinfectives in combination

:S01CC01 Diclofenac and antiinfectives :S01CC02 Indometacin and antiinfectives

S01E Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics

S01EA Sympathomimetics in glaucoma therapy

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Epinephrine Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration). It appears as a white microcrystalline granule. Adrenaline is normally produced by the adrenal glands a ...

:S01EA02

Dipivefrine Dipivefrine, or dipivefrin, also known as epinephrine pivalate and sold under the brand name Propine among others, is a sympathomimetic medication which is used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma.Dipivefrin . It is available as a 0.1% o ...

:S01EA03

Apraclonidine Apraclonidine (INN), also known under the brand name Iopidine, is a sympathomimetic used in glaucoma therapy. It is an α2 adrenergic receptor agonist and a weak α1 adrenergic receptor agonist. Topical apraclonidine is administered at a conc ...

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Clonidine Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α2A-adrenergic receptor agonist medication used to treat high blood pressure, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), drug withdrawal (e.g., alcohol, opioids, or nic ...

:S01EA05

Brimonidine Brimonidine is an α2 agonist medication used to treat open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and rosacea. In rosacea it improves the redness. It is used as eye drops or applied to the skin. It is also available in the fixed-dose combinatio ...

:S01EA51 Epinephrine, combinations :S01EA55 Brimonidine and

ripasudil Ripasudil (trade name Glanatec), a derivative (chemistry), derivative of fasudil, is a rho kinase inhibitor drug (previously known as K-115) used for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Ripasudil' ...

S01EB Parasympathomimetics

:S01EB01

Pilocarpine Pilocarpine, sold under the brand name Pilopine HS among others, is a lactone alkaloid originally extracted from plants of the Pilocarpus genus. It is used as a medication to reduce pressure inside the eye and treat dry mouth. As an eye drop ...

:S01EB02

Carbachol Carbachol, also known as carbamylcholine and sold under the brand name Miostat among others, is a cholinomimetic drug that binds and activates acetylcholine receptors. Thus it is classified as a cholinergic agonist. It is primarily used for v ...

:S01EB03 Ecothiopate :S01EB04 Demecarium :S01EB05

Physostigmine Physostigmine (also known as eserine from ''éséré'', the West African name for the Calabar bean) is a highly toxic parasympathomimetic alkaloid, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. It occurs naturally in the Calabar bean and ...

:S01EB06

Neostigmine Neostigmine, sold under the brand name Bloxiverz, among others, is a medication used to treat myasthenia gravis, Ogilvie syndrome, and urinary retention without the presence of a blockage. It is also used in anaesthesia to end the effects of n ...

:S01EB07 Fluostigmine :S01EB08 Aceclidine :S01EB09

Acetylcholine Acetylcholine (ACh) is an organic compound that functions in the brain and body of many types of animals (including humans) as a neurotransmitter. Its name is derived from its chemical structure: it is an ester of acetic acid and choline. Par ...

:S01EB10

Paraoxon Paraoxon is a parasympathomimetic drug which acts as an cholinesterase inhibitor. It is an organophosphate oxon, and the active metabolite of the insecticide parathion. It is also used as an ophthalmological drug against glaucoma. Paraoxon is o ...

:S01EB51 Pilocarpine, combinations :S01EB58 Aceclidine, combinations

S01EC Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

:S01EC01

Acetazolamide Acetazolamide, sold under the trade name Diamox among others, is a medication used to treat glaucoma, epilepsy, acute mountain sickness, periodic paralysis, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (raised brain pressure of unclear cause), heart f ...

:S01EC02 Diclofenamide :S01EC03

Dorzolamide Dorzolamide, sold under the brand name Trusopt among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye, including in cases of glaucoma. It is used as an eye drop. Effects begin within three hours and last for at least eight hou ...

:S01EC04

Brinzolamide Brinzolamide (trade name Azopt) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to lower intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Brinzolamide was approved as a generic medication in the United States in Novembe ...

:S01EC05 Methazolamide :S01EC54 Brinzolamide, combinations

S01ED Beta blocking agents

:S01ED01

Timolol Timolol is a beta blocker medication used either by mouth or as eye drops. As eye drops it is used to treat increased pressure inside the eye such as in ocular hypertension and glaucoma. By mouth it is used for high blood pressure, chest ...

:S01ED02

Betaxolol Betaxolol is a beta blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and angina. It acts as a selective β1-adrenergic receptor antagonist. The drug was patented in 1975 and approved for medical use in 1983. Medical uses Hypertension Betaxol ...

:S01ED03 Levobunolol :S01ED04 Metipranolol :S01ED05 Carteolol :S01ED06

Befunolol Befunolol (International Nonproprietary Name, INN) is a beta blocker with beta blocker#Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, intrinsic sympathomimetic activity used in the management of glaucoma, open-angle glaucoma. It also acts as a Beta-adrener ...

:S01ED51 Timolol, combinations :S01ED52 Betaxolol, combinations :S01ED54 Metipranolol, combinations :S01ED55 Carteolol, combinations

S01EE Prostaglandin analogues

:S01EE01

Latanoprost Latanoprost, sold under the brand name Xalatan among others, is a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure). This includes ocular hypertension and open-angle glaucoma. Latanaprost is applied as eye d ...

:S01EE02 Unoprostone :S01EE03

Bimatoprost Bimatoprost, sold under the brand name Lumigan among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye including glaucoma. Specifically it is used for open angle glaucoma when other agents are not sufficient. It may also be u ...

:S01EE04

Travoprost Travoprost, sold under the brand name Travatan among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye including glaucoma. Specifically it is used for open angle glaucoma when other agents are not sufficient. It is used as an ...

:S01EE05

Tafluprost Tafluprost (trade names Taflotan by Santen Pharmaceutical, Zioptan by Merck in the US and Saflutan by Mundipharma in Australia) is a prostaglandin analogue. It is used topically (as eye drops) to control the progression of open-angle glaucoma ...

:S01EE06 Latanoprostene bunod :S01EE51 Latanoprost and netarsudil :S01EE52 Latanoprost and

dorzolamide Dorzolamide, sold under the brand name Trusopt among others, is a medication used to treat high pressure inside the eye, including in cases of glaucoma. It is used as an eye drop. Effects begin within three hours and last for at least eight hou ...

S01EX Other antiglaucoma preparations

:S01EX01

Guanethidine Guanethidine is an antihypertensive drug that reduces the release of catecholamines, such as norepinephrine. Guanethidine is transported across the sympathetic nerve membrane by the same mechanism that transports norepinephrine itself (NET, uptak ...

:S01EX02 Dapiprazole :S01EX05

Netarsudil Netarsudil, sold under the brand name Rhopressa among others, is a medication for the treatment of glaucoma. In the United States, in December 2017, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a 0.02% ophthalmic solution for the lowering of ...

:S01EX06 Omidenepag :S01EX07

Ripasudil Ripasudil (trade name Glanatec), a derivative (chemistry), derivative of fasudil, is a rho kinase inhibitor drug (previously known as K-115) used for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Pharmacology Pharmacodynamics Ripasudil' ...

S01F Mydriatics and cycloplegics

S01FA Anticholinergics

:S01FA01

Atropine Atropine is a tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic medication used to treat certain types of nerve agent and pesticide poisonings as well as some types of slow heart rate, and to decrease saliva production during surgery. It is typically give ...

:S01FA02

Scopolamine Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, or Devil's Breath, is a medication used to treat motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting. It is also sometimes used before surgery to decrease saliva. When used by injection, effects begin a ...

:S01FA03 Methylscopolamine :S01FA04

Cyclopentolate Cyclopentolate is a muscarinic antagonist. It is commonly used as an eye drop during pediatric eye examinations to dilate the eye (mydriatic) and prevent the eye from focusing/Accommodation (eye), accommodating (cycloplegia, cycloplegic). Cyclop ...

:S01FA05

Homatropine Homatropine (Equipin, Isopto Homatropine) is an anticholinergic medication that is an antagonist at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and thus the parasympathetic nervous system. It is used in eye drops as a cycloplegic (to temporarily paral ...

:S01FA06

Tropicamide Tropicamide, sold under the brand name Mydriacyl among others, is a medication used to dilate the pupil and help with the examination of the eye. Specifically it is used to help examine the back of the eye. It is applied as eye drops. Effect ...

:S01FA54 Cyclopentolate, combinations :S01FA56 Tropicamide, combinations

S01FB Sympathomimetics excluding antiglaucoma preparations

:S01FB01

Phenylephrine Phenylephrine, sold under the brand names Neosynephrine and Sudafed PE among others, is a medication used as a decongestant for uncomplicated nasal congestion in the form of a nasal spray or oral tablet, to dilate the pupil, to increase bloo ...

:S01FB02

Ephedrine Ephedrine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and sympathomimetic agent that is often used to prevent hypotension, low blood pressure during anesthesia. It has also been used for asthma, narcolepsy, and obesity but is not the preferred ...

:S01FB03 Ibopamine :S01FB51 Phenylephrine and ketorolac :QS01FB90 Oxedrine :QS01FB99 Sympathomimetics, combinations

S01G Decongestants and antiallergics

S01GA Sympathomimetics used as decongestants

:S01GA01

Naphazoline Naphazoline is a medicine used as a decongestant, and a vasoconstrictor added to eye drops to relieve red eye. It has a rapid action in reducing swelling when applied to mucous membranes. It is a sympathomimetic agent with marked alpha adrener ...

:S01GA02

Tetryzoline Tetryzoline (INN), also known as tetrahydrozoline, is a drug used in some over-the-counter eye drops and nasal sprays. Tetryzoline was patented in 1954, and came into medical use in 1959. Side effects Tetryzoline eye drops may cause blurred vis ...

:S01GA03

Xylometazoline Xylometazoline, also spelled xylomethazoline, is a medication used to reduce symptoms of nasal congestion, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis. It is used directly in the nose as a spray or drops. Side effects include trouble sleeping, irritati ...

:S01GA04

Oxymetazoline Oxymetazoline, sold under the brand name Afrin among others, is a topical decongestant and vasoconstrictor medication. It is available over-the-counter as a nasal spray to treat nasal congestion and nosebleeds, as eye drops to treat eye rednes ...

:S01GA05 Phenylephrine :S01GA06 Oxedrine :S01GA07

:S01GA51 Naphazoline, combinations :S01GA52 Tetryzoline, combinations :S01GA53 Xylometazoline, combinations :S01GA55 Phenylephrine, combinations :S01GA56 Oxedrine, combinations

S01GX Other antiallergics

:S01GX01

Cromoglicic acid Cromoglicic acid (INN)—also referred to as cromolyn (USAN), cromoglycate (former BAN), or cromoglicate—is traditionally described as a mast cell stabilizer, and is commonly marketed as the sodium salt sodium cromoglicate or cromolyn sodium. ...

:S01GX02

Levocabastine Levocabastine (trade name Livostin or Livocab, depending on the region) is a selective second-generation H1 receptor antagonist which was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1979. It is used for allergic conjunctivitis. As well as acting as ...

:S01GX03 Spaglumic acid :S01GX04

Nedocromil Nedocromil sodium is a medication considered a mast cell stabilizer which acts to prevent wheezing, shortness of breath, and other breathing problems caused by asthma. It is administered by an inhaler under the brand name Tilade, and as an eye dr ...

:S01GX05

Lodoxamide Lodoxamide is an antiallergic pharmaceutical drug. It is marketed under the tradename Alomide in the UK. Like cromoglicic acid it acts as a mast cell stabilizer. In 2014 lodoxamide and bufrolin were found to be potent agonists at the G protein- ...

:S01GX06 Emedastine :S01GX07

Azelastine Azelastine, sold under the brand name Astelin among others, is a H1 receptor-blocking medication primarily used as a nasal spray to treat allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and as eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis. Other uses may include asth ...

:S01GX08

Ketotifen Ketotifen is an antihistamine medication and a mast cell stabilizer used to treat allergic conditions such as conjunctivitis, asthma, and urticaria (hives). Ketotifen is available in ophthalmic (eye drops or drug-eluting contact lenses) and o ...

:S01GX09

Olopatadine Olopatadine, sold under the brand name Patanol among others, is an antihistamine medication used to decrease the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis (hay fever). It is used as eye drops or as a nasal spray. The eye drops ...

:S01GX10 Epinastine :S01GX11 Alcaftadine :S01GX12

Cetirizine Cetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine, second-generation Peripherally selective antihistamine used to treat allergic rhinitis (hay fever), dermatitis, and urticaria (hives). It is taken by mouth. Effects generally begin within thirty ...

:S01GX13

Bilastine Bilastine is an antihistamine medication used to treat hives (urticaria), allergic rhinitis and itchy inflamed eyes (allergic conjunctivitis) caused by an allergy. It is a second-generation antihistamine and takes effect by selectively inhibi ...

:S01GX51 Cromoglicic acid, combinations

S01H Local anesthetics

S01HA Local anesthetics

:S01HA01

Cocaine Cocaine is a tropane alkaloid and central nervous system stimulant, derived primarily from the leaves of two South American coca plants, ''Erythroxylum coca'' and ''Erythroxylum novogranatense, E. novogranatense'', which are cultivated a ...

:S01HA02

Oxybuprocaine Oxybuprocaine (INN), also known as benoxinate or BNX, is an ester-type local anesthetic, which is used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology. Oxybuprocaine is sold by Novartis under the brand names Novesine or Novesin. Safety for use in ...

:S01HA03

Tetracaine Tetracaine, also known as amethocaine, is an ester local anesthetic used to numb the eyes, nose, or throat. It may also be applied to the skin before starting intravenous therapy to decrease pain from the procedure. Typically it is applied as a l ...

:S01HA04

Proxymetacaine Proxymetacaine (INN) or proparacaine (USAN) is a topical anesthetic drug of the aminoester group. Clinical pharmacology Proxymetacaine is a local anesthetic which on topical application penetrates sensory nerve endings in the corneal tissue. Me ...

:S01HA05

Procaine Procaine is a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group. It is most commonly used in dental procedures to numb the area around a tooth and is also used to reduce the pain of intramuscular injection of penicillin. Owing to the ubiquity of ...

:S01HA06

Cinchocaine Cinchocaine ( INN/ BAN) or dibucaine ( USAN) is an amide local anesthetic. Among the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, current use of cinchocaine is generally restricted to spinal and topical anesthesia. It is sold under ...

:S01HA07

Lidocaine Lidocaine, also known as lignocaine and sold under the brand name Xylocaine among others, is a local anesthetic of the amino amide type. It is also used to treat ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. When used for local anae ...

:S01HA08

Chloroprocaine Chloroprocaine, sold under the brand name Nesacaine among others is a local anesthetic given by injection. It is used as the hydrochloride salt. Chloroprocaine is a local anesthetic. Medical uses Chloroprocaine (Nesacaine) is indicated for the ...

:S01HA30 Combinations

S01J Diagnostic agents

S01JA Colouring agents

:S01JA01

Fluorescein Fluorescein is an organic compound and dye based on the xanthene tricyclic structural motif, formally belonging to Triarylmethane dye, triarylmethine dyes family. It is available as a dark orange/red powder slightly soluble in water and alcohol. ...

:S01JA02 Rose bengal sodium :S01JA51

, combinations

S01JX Other ophthalmological diagnostic agents

S01K Surgical aids

S01KA Viscoelastic substances

:S01KA01

Hyaluronic acid Hyaluronic acid (; abbreviated HA; conjugate base hyaluronate), also called hyaluronan, is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial, and neural tissues. It is unique among glycosaminog ...

:S01KA02

Hypromellose Hypromellose ( INN), short for hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), is a semisynthetic, inert, viscoelastic polymer used in eye drops, as well as an excipient and controlled-delivery component in oral medicaments, found in a variety of commerc ...

:S01KA51 Hyaluronic acid, combinations

S01KX Other surgical aids

:S01KX01

Chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin (, chymotrypsins A and B, alpha-chymar ophth, avazyme, chymar, chymotest, enzeon, quimar, quimotrase, alpha-chymar, alpha-chymotrypsin A, alpha-chymotrypsin) is a digestive enzyme component of pancreatic juice acting in the duodenu ...

:S01KX02 Trypan blue

S01L Ocular vascular disorder agents

S01LA Antineovascularisation agents

:S01LA01

Verteporfin Verteporfin (trade name Visudyne), a benzoporphyrin derivative, is a medication used as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy to eliminate the abnormal blood vessels in the eye associated with conditions such as the wet form of macular dege ...

:S01LA02 Anecortave :S01LA03

Pegaptanib Pegaptanib sodium injection (brand name Macugen) is an anti-angiogenic medicine for the treatment of neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It was discovered by NeXstar Pharmaceuticals (which merged with Gilead Sciences in 199 ...

:S01LA04

Ranibizumab Ranibizumab, sold under the brand name Lucentis among others, is a monoclonal antibody fragment (Fab) created from the same parent mouse antibody as bevacizumab. It is an anti-angiogenic that is approved to treat the "wet" type of age-related ...

:S01LA05

Aflibercept Aflibercept, sold under the brand names Eylea and Zaltrap among others, is a medication used to treat wet macular degeneration and metastatic colorectal cancer. It was developed by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. It is an inhibitor of vascular en ...

:S01LA06

Brolucizumab Brolucizumab sold under trade name Beovu among others, is a humanized single-chain antibody fragment for the treatment of neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The most common side effects are reduced visual acuity, catarac ...

:S01LA07 Abicipar pegol :S01LA08

Bevacizumab Bevacizumab, sold under the brand name Avastin among others, is a monoclonal antibody medication used to treat a number of types of cancers and a specific eye disease. For cancer, it is given by slow injection into a vein (intravenous) and use ...

:S01LA09 Faricimab

S01X Other ophthalmologicals

S01XA Other ophthalmologicals

:S01XA01

Guaiazulene Guaiazulene, also azulon or 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropylazulene, is a dark blue crystalline hydrocarbon. A derivative of azulene, guaiazulene is a bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of some essential oils, mainly oil of guaiac and chamomile ...

:S01XA02

Retinol Retinol, also called vitamin A1, is a fat-soluble vitamin in the vitamin A family that is found in food and used as a dietary supplement. Retinol or other forms of vitamin A are needed for vision, cellular development, maintenance of skin and ...

:S01XA03

Sodium chloride Sodium chloride , commonly known as Salt#Edible salt, edible salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic, and occurs a ...

hypertonic In chemical biology, tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient; the water potential of two solutions separated by a partially-permeable cell membrane. Tonicity depends on the relative concentration of selective membran ...

:S01XA04

Potassium iodide Potassium iodide is a chemical compound, medication, and dietary supplement. It is a medication used for treating hyperthyroidism, in radiation emergencies, and for protecting the thyroid gland when certain types of radiopharmaceuticals are u ...

:S01XA05 Sodium edetate :S01XA06

Ethylmorphine Ethylmorphine (also known as codethyline, dionine, and ethyl morphine) is an opioid analgesic and antitussive. Side effects Adverse effects are similar to other opioids and include drowsiness, constipation, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and respirat ...

:S01XA07

Alum An alum () is a type of chemical compound, usually a hydrated double salt, double sulfate salt (chemistry), salt of aluminium with the general chemical formula, formula , such that is a valence (chemistry), monovalent cation such as potassium ...

:S01XA08

Acetylcysteine ''N''-acetylcysteine, also known as Acetylcysteine and NAC, is a mucolytics that is used to treat paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose and to loosen thick mucus in individuals with chronic bronchopulmonary disorders, such as pneumonia and ...

:S01XA09 Iodoheparinate :S01XA10

Inosine Inosine is a nucleoside that is formed when hypoxanthine is attached to a ribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. It was discovered in 1965 in analysis of RNA transferase. Inosine is commonly found in tRNAs and is ...

:S01XA11

Nandrolone Nandrolone, also known as 19-nortestosterone, is an endogenous androgen. It is also an anabolic steroid (AAS) which is medically used in the form of esters such as nandrolone decanoate (brand name Deca-Durabolin) and nandrolone phenylpropionate ...

:S01XA12

Dexpanthenol Panthenol (also called pantothenol) is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), and is thus a provitamin of B5. In organisms, it is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid. It is a viscous transparent liquid at room temperature. Pantheno ...

:S01XA13

Alteplase Alteplase, sold under the brand name Activase among others, is a biosynthetic form of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). It is a thrombolytic medication used to treat acute ischemic stroke, acute ST-elevation myocardial infarct ...

:S01XA14

Heparin Heparin, also known as unfractionated heparin (UFH), is a medication and naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan. Heparin is a blood anticoagulant that increases the activity of antithrombin. It is used in the treatment of myocardial infarction, ...

:S01XA15

Ascorbic acid Ascorbic acid is an organic compound with formula , originally called hexuronic acid. It is a white solid, but impure samples can appear yellowish. It dissolves freely in water to give mildly acidic solutions. It is a mild reducing agent. Asco ...

:S01XA18

Ciclosporin Ciclosporin, also spelled cyclosporine and cyclosporin, is a calcineurin inhibitor, used as an immunosuppressant medication. It is taken Oral administration, orally or intravenously for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, nephr ...

:S01XA19 Limbal stem cells, autologous :S01XA20

Artificial tear Artificial tears are lubricating eye drops used to relieve dryness and irritation of the ocular surface. Dry eye syndrome ( keratoconjunctivitis sicca) is a common ocular surface disorder and is characterized by disruption of the tear film and ...

s and other indifferent preparations :S01XA21 Mercaptamine :S01XA22 Ocriplasmin :S01XA23

Sirolimus Sirolimus, also known as rapamycin and sold under the brand name Rapamune among others, is a macrolide compound that is used to coat coronary stents, prevent organ transplant rejection, treat a rare lung disease called lymphangioleiomyomatosis ...

:S01XA24

Cenegermin Cenegermin, sold under the brand name Oxervate, also known as recombinant human nerve growth factor, is a recombinant form of human nerve growth factor. Cenegermin is a peripherally selective agonist An agonist is a chemical that activates ...

:S01XA25

Lifitegrast Lifitegrast, sold under the brand name Xiidra (), is a medication for the treatment of signs and symptoms of dry eye, a syndrome called keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Lifitegrast reduces inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory cell binding. It is ...

:S01XA26

Riboflavin Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and sold as a dietary supplement. It is essential to the formation of two major coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. These coenzymes are involved in ...

:S01XA27 Voretigene neparvovec :S01XA28

Varenicline Varenicline, sold under the brand names Chantix and Champix among others, is a medication used for smoking cessation and for the treatment of dry eye syndrome. It is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist. When activated, this recep ...

:S01XA29 Sepofarsen :S01XA31

Pegcetacoplan Pegcetacoplan, sold under the brand name Empaveli, among others, is a medication used to treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and geographic atrophy of the retina. Pegcetacoplan is a complement inhibitor. The most common side effects in ...

:S01XA32

Avacincaptad pegol Avacincaptad pegol, sold under the brand name Izervay, is a medication used for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Avacincaptad pegol is a complement inhibitor. Avacincaptad pegol was approved for medical use in the United Sta ...

:S01XA33 Diquafosol :QS01XA91 Pirenoxin

References

{{Ocular vascular disorder agents S01