Events
Pre-1600
*
394
__NOTOC__
Year 394 (CCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in Western Europe as the Year of the Consulship of Flavianus without colleague (or, less ...
–
Battle of the Frigidus:
Roman emperor Theodosius I
Theodosius I ( grc-gre, Θεοδόσιος ; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also called Theodosius the Great, was Roman emperor from 379 to 395. During his reign, he succeeded in a crucial war against the Goths, as well as in two ...
defeats and kills
Eugenius
Eugenius (died 6 September 394) was a usurper in the Western Roman Empire (392–394) against Emperor Theodosius I. While Christian himself, Eugenius capitalized on the discontent in the West caused by Theodosius' religious policies targetin ...
the usurper. His
Frankish ''
magister militum
(Latin for "master of soldiers", plural ) was a top-level military command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine the Great. The term referred to the senior military officer (equivalent to a war theatre commander, ...
''
Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later.
*
1492
Year 1492 ( MCDXCII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
1492 is considered to be a significant year in the history of the West, Europe, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Spain, and the ...
–
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus
* lij, Cristoffa C(or)ombo
* es, link=no, Cristóbal Colón
* pt, Cristóvão Colombo
* ca, Cristòfor (or )
* la, Christophorus Columbus. (; born between 25 August and 31 October 1451, died 20 May 1506) was a ...
sails from
La Gomera
La Gomera () is one of Spain's Canary Islands, located in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa. With an area of , it is the third smallest of the eight main islands of this archipelago. It belongs to the province of Santa Cruz de Ten ...
in the
Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (; es, Canarias, ), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, in Macaronesia. At their closest point to the African mainland, they are west of Mo ...
, his final port of call before crossing the Atlantic Ocean for the first time.
*
1522 – The ''
Victoria'' returns to
Sanlúcar de Barrameda
Sanlúcar de Barrameda (), or simply Sanlúcar, is a city in the northwest of Cádiz province, part of the autonomous community of Andalucía in southern Spain. Sanlúcar is located on the left bank at the mouth of the Guadalquivir River oppo ...
in Spain, the only surviving ship of
Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan ( or ; pt, Fernão de Magalhães, ; es, link=no, Fernando de Magallanes, ; 4 February 1480 – 27 April 1521) was a Portuguese explorer. He is best known for having planned and led the 1519 Spanish expedition to the Eas ...
's expedition and the first known ship to
circumnavigate the world.
1601–1900
*
1620
Events
January–June
* February 4 – Prince Bethlen Gabor signs a peace treaty with Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.
* May 17 – The first merry-go-round is seen at a fair (Philippapolis, Turkey).
* June 3 – The ...
– The
Pilgrims sail from
Plymouth
Plymouth () is a port city and unitary authority in South West England. It is located on the south coast of Devon, approximately south-west of Exeter and south-west of London. It is bordered by Cornwall to the west and south-west.
Plymout ...
, England on the ''
Mayflower
''Mayflower'' was an English ship that transported a group of English families, known today as the Pilgrims, from England to the New World in 1620. After a grueling 10 weeks at sea, ''Mayflower'', with 102 passengers and a crew of about 30, r ...
'' to settle in North America. (
Old Style
Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, this is the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 158 ...
date;
September 16 per
New Style
Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, this is the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 158 ...
date.)
*
1628
Events
January–March
* January 19 – (26 Jumada al-Awwal 1037 A.H.) The reign of Salef-ud-din Muhammad Shahryar as the Mughal Emperor, Shahryar Mirza, comes to an end a little more than two months after the November 7 de ...
–
Puritans
The Puritans were English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic Church, Roman Catholic practices, maintaining that the Church of England had not been fully reformed and should become m ...
settle
Salem
Salem may refer to: Places
Canada
Ontario
* Bruce County
** Salem, Arran–Elderslie, Ontario, in the municipality of Arran–Elderslie
** Salem, South Bruce, Ontario, in the municipality of South Bruce
* Salem, Dufferin County, Ontario, part ...
, which became part of
Massachusetts Bay Colony
The Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630–1691), more formally the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, was an English settlement on the east coast of North America around the Massachusetts Bay, the northernmost of the several colonies later reorganized as the ...
.
*
1634 –
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battl ...
: In the
Battle of Nördlingen, the Catholic Imperial army defeats Swedish and German Protestant forces.
*
1642 – England's
Long Parliament
The Long Parliament was an English Parliament which lasted from 1640 until 1660. It followed the fiasco of the Short Parliament, which had convened for only three weeks during the spring of 1640 after an 11-year parliamentary absence. In Septem ...
bans public stage-plays.
*
1781
Events
January–March
* January – William Pitt the Younger, later Prime Minister of Great Britain, enters Parliament, aged 21.
* January 1 – Industrial Revolution: The Iron Bridge opens across the River Severn in E ...
–
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of ...
: The
Battle of Groton Heights
The Battle of Groton Heights (also known as the Battle of Fort Griswold, and occasionally called the Fort Griswold massacre) was a battle of the American Revolutionary War fought on September 6, 1781 between a small Connecticut militia force le ...
takes place, resulting in a British victory.
*
1803 – British scientist
John Dalton
John Dalton (; 5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. He is best known for introducing the atomic theory into chemistry, and for his research into colour blindness, which he had. Colour b ...
begins using symbols to represent the atoms of different elements.
*
1861
Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry.
Events
January–March
* January 1
** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City.
** The first steam- ...
–
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by state ...
: Forces under
Union General
Ulysses S. Grant bloodlessly capture
Paducah, Kentucky
Paducah ( ) is a home rule-class city in and the county seat of McCracken County, Kentucky. The largest city in the Jackson Purchase region, it is located at the confluence of the Tennessee and the Ohio rivers, halfway between St. Louis, Miss ...
, giving the Union control of the
Tennessee River
The Tennessee River is the largest tributary of the Ohio River. It is approximately long and is located in the southeastern United States in the Tennessee Valley. The river was once popularly known as the Cherokee River, among other names ...
's mouth.
*
1863
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate states an official war goal. It proclaims t ...
– American Civil War:
Confederate forces evacuate
Battery Wagner
Fort Wagner or Battery Wagner was a beachhead fortification on Morris Island, South Carolina, that covered the southern approach to Charleston Harbor. It was the site of two American Civil War battles in the campaign known as Operations Agains ...
and
Morris Island
Morris Island is an 840-acre (3.4 km²) uninhabited island in Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, accessible only by boat. The island lies in the outer reaches of the harbor and was thus a strategic location in the American Civil War. The ...
in
South Carolina
)'' Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no)
, anthem = "Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind"
, Former = Province of South Carolina
, seat = Columbia
, LargestCity = Charleston
, LargestMetro = G ...
.
*
1870
Events
January–March
* January 1
** The first edition of ''The Northern Echo'' newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England.
** Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are completed.
* January 3 – Construction of the Broo ...
–
Louisa Ann Swain of
Laramie, Wyoming
Laramie is a city in and the county seat of Albany County, Wyoming, United States. The population was estimated 32,711 in 2019, making it the third-largest city in Wyoming after Cheyenne and Casper. Located on the Laramie River in southeaste ...
becomes the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally after
1807.
*
1885
Events
January–March
* January 3– 4 – Sino-French War – Battle of Núi Bop: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing Chinese force, in northern Vietnam.
* January 4 &ndash ...
–
Eastern Rumelia
Eastern Rumelia ( bg, Източна Румелия, Iztochna Rumeliya; ota, , Rumeli-i Şarkî; el, Ανατολική Ρωμυλία, Anatoliki Romylia) was an autonomous province (''oblast'' in Bulgarian, ''vilayet'' in Turkish) in the Otto ...
declares its union with
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Mac ...
, thus accomplishing
Bulgarian unification
The Unification of Bulgaria ( bg, Съединение на България, ''Saedinenie na Balgariya'') was the act of unification of the Principality of Bulgaria and the province of Eastern Rumelia in the autumn of 1885. It was co-ordinated ...
.
1901–present
*
1901 –
Leon Czolgosz, an unemployed
anarchist
Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including, though not necessari ...
,
shoots and fatally wounds US President
The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States ...
William McKinley
William McKinley (January 29, 1843September 14, 1901) was the 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 until his assassination in 1901. As a politician he led a realignment that made his Republican Party largely dominant in t ...
at the
Pan-American Exposition in
Buffalo, New York
Buffalo is the second-largest city in the U.S. state of New York (behind only New York City) and the seat of Erie County. It is at the eastern end of Lake Erie, at the head of the Niagara River, and is across the Canadian border from Sou ...
.
*
1914 –
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...
: The
First Battle of the Marne
The First Battle of the Marne was a battle of the First World War fought from 5 to 12 September 1914. It was fought in a collection of skirmishes around the Marne River Valley. It resulted in an Entente victory against the German armies in the ...
, which would halt the
Imperial German Army
The Imperial German Army (1871–1919), officially referred to as the German Army (german: Deutsches Heer), was the unified ground and air force of the German Empire. It was established in 1871 with the political unification of Germany under the ...
's advance into France, begins.
*
1930
Events
January
* January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be ...
– Democratically elected
Argentine
Argentines (mistakenly translated Argentineans in the past; in Spanish ( masculine) or ( feminine)) are people identified with the country of Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Argentines ...
president
Hipólito Yrigoyen
Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Yrigoyen (; 12 July 1852 – 3 July 1933) was an Argentine politician of the Radical Civic Union and two-time President of Argentina, who served his first term from 1916 to 1922 and his second ...
is
deposed in a military coup.
*
1936
Events
January–February
* January 20 – George V of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India, dies at his Sandringham Estate. The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King E ...
–
Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlism, Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebeli ...
: The
Interprovincial Council of Asturias and León is established.
*
1939
This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1
** Third Reich
*** Jews are forbidde ...
–
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
: The British
Royal Air Force
The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's air and space force. It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, becoming the first independent air force in the world, by regrouping the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) an ...
suffers its first fighter pilot casualty of the Second World War at the
Battle of Barking Creek as a result of friendly fire.
* 1939 – World War II: South Africa
declares war on Germany.
*
1940 – King
Carol II of Romania
Carol II (4 April 1953) was King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until his forced abdication on 6 September 1940. The eldest son of Ferdinand I, he became crown prince upon the death of his grand-uncle, King Carol I in 1914. He was the first of th ...
abdicates and is succeeded by his son
Michael. General
Ion Antonescu
Ion Antonescu (; ; – 1 June 1946) was a Romanian military officer and marshal who presided over two successive wartime dictatorships as Prime Minister and '' Conducător'' during most of World War II.
A Romanian Army career officer who ma ...
becomes the ''
Conducător'' of
Romania
Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, a ...
.
*
1943
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured.
* January 4 – ...
– The
Monterrey Institute of Technology is founded in
Monterrey
Monterrey ( , ) is the capital and largest city of the northeastern state of Nuevo León, Mexico, and the third largest city in Mexico behind Guadalajara and Mexico City. Located at the foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental, the city is ancho ...
, Mexico as one of the largest and most influential private universities in Latin America.
* 1943 –
Pennsylvania Railroad
The Pennsylvania Railroad (reporting mark PRR), legal name The Pennsylvania Railroad Company also known as the "Pennsy", was an American Class I railroad that was established in 1846 and headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was named ...
's premier train
derails at
Frankford Junction in
Philadelphia
Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
, killing 79 people and injuring 117 others.
*
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in No ...
– World War II: The city of
Ypres
Ypres ( , ; nl, Ieper ; vls, Yper; german: Ypern ) is a Belgian city and municipality in the province of West Flanders. Though
the Dutch name is the official one, the city's French name is most commonly used in English. The municipality ...
, Belgium is liberated by Allied forces.
* 1944 – World War II: Soviet forces
capture
Capture may refer to:
*Asteroid capture, a phenomenon in which an asteroid enters a stable orbit around another body
*Capture, a software for lighting design, documentation and visualisation
*"Capture" a song by Simon Townshend
*Capture (band), an ...
the city of
Tartu
Tartu is the second largest city in Estonia after the Northern European country's political and financial capital, Tallinn. Tartu has a population of 91,407 (as of 2021). It is southeast of Tallinn and 245 kilometres (152 miles) northeast o ...
,
Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and t ...
.
*
1946 –
United States Secretary of State
The United States secretary of state is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State. The office holder is one of the highest ranking members of the president's ...
James F. Byrnes announces that the U.S. will follow a policy of
economic reconstruction
Economic reconstruction is a process for creating a proactive vision of economic change. The most basic idea is that problems in the economy, such as deindustrialization, environmental decay, outsourcing, industrial incompetence, poverty and a ...
in postwar Germany.
*
1952 – A prototype aircraft
crashes at the
Farnborough Airshow
The Farnborough Airshow, officially the Farnborough International Airshow, is a trade exhibition for the aerospace and defence industries, where civilian and military aircraft are demonstrated to potential customers and investors. Since its fir ...
in
Hampshire
Hampshire (, ; abbreviated to Hants) is a ceremonial county, ceremonial and non-metropolitan county, non-metropolitan counties of England, county in western South East England on the coast of the English Channel. Home to two major English citi ...
, England, killing 29 spectators and the two on board.
*
1955 –
Istanbul
Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...
's Greek, Jewish, and
Armenian
Armenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent
** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the ...
minorities are the target of
a government-sponsored pogrom; dozens are killed in ensuing riots.
*
1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wo ...
– The United States government begins the
Exercise Spade Fork nuclear readiness drill.
* 1962 – Archaeologist Peter Marsden discovers the first of the
Blackfriars Ships dating back to the second century AD in the
Blackfriars area of the banks of the
River Thames
The River Thames ( ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the second-longest in the United Kingdom, after the ...
in London.
*
1965
Events January–February
* January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years.
* January 20
** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
– India retaliates following Pakistan's
Operation Grand Slam which results in the
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 or the Second Kashmir War was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India. The conflict began following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was d ...
that ends in a stalemate followed by the signing of the
Tashkent Declaration.
*
1966
Events January
* January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko.
* January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo is ...
–
Prime Minister
A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...
Hendrik Verwoerd
Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd (; 8 September 1901 – 6 September 1966) was a South African politician, a scholar of applied psychology and sociology, and chief editor of ''Die Transvaler'' newspaper. He is commonly regarded as the architect ...
, the architect of
apartheid
Apartheid (, especially South African English: , ; , "aparthood") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. Apartheid was ...
, is stabbed to death in
Cape Town
Cape Town ( af, Kaapstad; , xh, iKapa) is one of South Africa's three capital cities, serving as the seat of the Parliament of South Africa. It is the legislative capital of the country, the oldest city in the country, and the second larges ...
, South Africa during a parliamentary meeting.
*
1968
The year was highlighted by Protests of 1968, protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide.
Events January–February
* January 5 – "Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechos ...
–
Swaziland
Eswatini ( ; ss, eSwatini ), officially the Kingdom of Eswatini and formerly named Swaziland ( ; officially renamed in 2018), is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Mozambique to its northeast and South Africa to its no ...
becomes independent.
*
1970
Events
January
* January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC.
* January 5 – The 7.1 Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (''Extreme''). Between 10,000 and 1 ...
– Two passenger jets bound from Europe to New York are simultaneously hijacked by
Palestinian
Palestinians ( ar, الفلسطينيون, ; he, פָלַסְטִינִים, ) or Palestinian people ( ar, الشعب الفلسطيني, label=none, ), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs ( ar, الفلسطينيين العرب, label=non ...
terrorist
Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of criminal violence to provoke a state of terror or fear, mostly with the intention to achieve political or religious aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violen ...
members of the
PFLP and taken to
Dawson's Field, Jordan.
*
1971 *
The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses (Solar eclipse of February 25, 1971, February 25, Solar eclipse of July 22, 1971, July 22 and Solar eclipse of August 20, 1971, August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 1971 lunar eclip ...
–
Paninternational Flight 112 crashes on the
Bundesautobahn 7 highway near
Hamburg Airport
Hamburg Airport , known in German as ''Flughafen Hamburg'', is a major international airport in Hamburg, the second-largest city in Germany. Since November 2016 the airport has been christened after the former German chancellor Helmut Schmidt. ...
, in
Hamburg
Hamburg (, ; nds, label=Hamburg German, Low Saxon, Hamborg ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (german: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg; nds, label=Low Saxon, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),. is the List of cities in Germany by popul ...
, Germany, killing 22.
*
1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, me ...
–
Munich massacre
The Munich massacre was a terrorist attack carried out during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, by eight members of the Palestinian militant organization Black September, who infiltrated the Olympic Village, killed two members ...
: Nine
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
i athletes die (along with a German policeman) at the hands of the
Palestinian
Palestinians ( ar, الفلسطينيون, ; he, פָלַסְטִינִים, ) or Palestinian people ( ar, الشعب الفلسطيني, label=none, ), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs ( ar, الفلسطينيين العرب, label=non ...
"
Black September
Black September ( ar, أيلول الأسود; '' Aylūl Al-Aswad''), also known as the Jordanian Civil War, was a conflict fought in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan between the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF), under the leadership of King Huss ...
" terrorist group after being taken hostage at the
Munich Olympic Games
The 1972 Summer Olympics (), officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad () and commonly known as Munich 1972 (german: München 1972), was an international multi-sport event held in Munich, West Germany, from 26 August to 11 September 1972. ...
. Two other Israeli athletes were slain in the initial attack the previous day.
*
1976
Events January
* January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force.
* January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea.
* January 11 – The 1976 Phil ...
–
Cold War:
Soviet Air Defence Forces
The Soviet Air Defence Forces (russian: войска ПВО, ''voyska protivovozdushnoy oborony'', ''voyska PVO'', ''V-PVO'', lit. ''Anti-Air Defence Troops''; and formerly ''protivovozdushnaya oborona strany'', ''PVO strany'', lit. ''Anti-Air De ...
pilot
Viktor Belenko lands a
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25
The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 (russian: Микоян и Гуревич МиГ-25; NATO reporting name: Foxbat) is a supersonic interceptor and reconnaissance aircraft that is among the fastest military aircraft to enter service. Designed by ...
jet fighter at
Hakodate
is a city and port located in Oshima Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the capital city of Oshima Subprefecture. As of July 31, 2011, the city has an estimated population of 279,851 with 143,221 households, and a population density of ...
in Japan and requests
political asylum
The right of asylum (sometimes called right of political asylum; ) is an ancient juridical concept, under which people persecuted by their own rulers might be protected by another sovereign authority, like a second country or another ent ...
in the United States; his request is granted.
*
1983
The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call.
Events January
* January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning ...
– The
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
admits to shooting down
Korean Air Lines Flight 007
Korean Air Lines Flight 007 (KE007/KAL007)The flight number KAL 007 was used by air traffic control, while the public flight booking system used KE 007 was a scheduled Korean Air, Korean Air Lines flight from New York City to Seoul via Anch ...
, stating that its operatives did not know that it was a civilian aircraft when it reportedly violated Soviet airspace.
*
1985
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
** The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
–
Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105 crashes near
Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport in
Milwaukee
Milwaukee ( ), officially the City of Milwaukee, is both the most populous and most densely populated city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the county seat of Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, Milwaukee County. With a population of 577,222 at th ...
,
Wisconsin
Wisconsin () is a state in the upper Midwestern United States. Wisconsin is the 25th-largest state by total area and the 20th-most populous. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake M ...
, killing all 31 people on board.
*
1986
The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
**Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles.
**Spain and Portugal enter ...
– In
Istanbul
Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...
, two
terrorist
Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of criminal violence to provoke a state of terror or fear, mostly with the intention to achieve political or religious aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violen ...
s from
Abu Nidal
Sabri Khalil al-Banna (May 1937 – 16 August 2002), known by his '' nom de guerre'' Abu Nidal, was the founder of Fatah: The Revolutionary Council, a militant Palestinian splinter group more commonly known as the Abu Nidal Organizatio ...
's organization kill 22 and wound six congregants inside the
Neve Shalom Synagogue
Neve Shalom Synagogue ( tr, Neve Şalom Sinagogu, he, בית הכנסת נווה שלום; lit. "Oasis of Peace" or "Valley of Peace") is a synagogue in the Karaköy quarter of Beyoğlu district, in Istanbul, Turkey.
The synagogue was built ...
during
Shabbat services.
*
1991
File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the ...
– The
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
recognizes the independence of the
Baltic states
Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and t ...
,
Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika, links=no, ltg, Latvejas Republika, links=no, liv, Leţmō Vabāmō, links=no), is a country in the Baltic region of ...
, and
Lithuania.
* 1991 – The Russian parliament approves the name change of Leningrad back to
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
. The change is effective October 1.
*
1995
File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake strike ...
–
Cal Ripken Jr. of the
Baltimore Orioles
The Baltimore Orioles are an American professional baseball team based in Baltimore. The Orioles compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. As one of the American League's eight charter ...
plays in his 2,131st consecutive game, breaking a record that had stood for 56 years.
*
1997
File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic'', the highest-grossing movie in history at the time; ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of ...
– The
Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales takes place in
London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
. Well over a million people lined the streets and 2 billion watched around the world on television.
*
2003
File:2003 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The crew of STS-107 perished when the Space Shuttle Columbia Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, disintegrated during reentry into Atmosphere of Earth, Earth's atmosphere; SARS became an 2002– ...
–
Mahmoud Abbas resigns from his position of
Palestinian Prime Minister
The prime minister of the Palestinian National Authority was the position of the official head of government of the Palestinian Authority government, which operated between 2003 and January 2013, when it was officially transformed into the State ...
.
*
2007
File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
–
Israel
Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
executes the air strike
Operation Orchard to destroy a nuclear reactor in
Syria.
*
2009
File:2009 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The vertical stabilizer of Air France Flight 447 is pulled out from the Atlantic Ocean; Barack Obama becomes the first African American to become President of the United States; 2009 Iran ...
– The
ro-ro ferry ''
SuperFerry 9
''SuperFerry 9'' was a ferry owned by the Philippines-based carrier Aboitiz Transport System Corp (ATSC) and operated by their SuperFerry division. About 9am Sunday September 6, 2009, she sank off the south-west coast of Zamboanga Peninsula w ...
'' sinks off the
Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga Peninsula ( tl, Tangway ng Zamboanga; cbk, Peninsula de Zamboanga; ceb, Lawis sa Zamboanga) is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region IX. It consists of three provinces ( Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga S ...
in the Philippines with 971 persons aboard; all but ten are rescued.
*
2012
File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
– Sixty-one people die after a fishing boat
capsizes off the
İzmir Province
İzmir Province ( tr, İzmir ili) is a province and metropolitan municipality of Turkey in western Anatolia, situated along the Aegean coast. Its capital is the city of İzmir, which is in itself composed of the province's central 11 districts ...
coast of
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
, near the
Greek Aegean islands.
*
2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment ...
– Forty-one elephants are poisoned with
cyanide
Cyanide is a naturally occurring, rapidly acting, toxic chemical that can exist in many different forms.
In chemistry, a cyanide () is a chemical compound that contains a functional group. This group, known as the cyano group, consists of ...
in salt pans, by poachers in
Hwange National Park.
*
2018
File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the United ...
–
Supreme Court of India
The Supreme Court of India (IAST: ) is the supreme judicial authority of India and is the highest court of the Republic of India under the constitution. It is the most senior constitutional court, has the final decision in all legal matters ...
decriminalised all consensual sex among adults in private, making
homosexuality legal on the Indian lands.
*
2022
File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; Anti-government protest in Sri Lanka in front of the Presidential Secretariat; The global monkeyp ...
–
Boris Johnson
Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson (; born 19 June 1964) is a British politician, writer and journalist who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 2019 to 2022. He previously served as F ...
resigns as
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As moder ...
, and is
replaced by
Liz Truss
Mary Elizabeth Truss (born 26 July 1975) is a British politician who briefly served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from September to October 2022. On her fiftieth day in office, she stepped down ...
.
* 2022 –
Russo-Ukrainian War
The Russo-Ukrainian War; uk, російсько-українська війна, rosiisko-ukrainska viina. has been ongoing between Russia (alongside Russian separatists in Ukraine) and Ukraine since February 2014. Following Ukraine's Rev ...
: Ukraine begins its
Kharkiv counteroffensive
The 2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive was a counteroffensive by the Armed Forces of Ukraine on the Russian-occupied Ukrainian territory of the Kharkiv Oblast which was launched on 6 September 2022. Following the launch of the Kherson counteroff ...
, surprising Russian forces and retaking over 3,000 square kilometers of land, recapturing the entire
Kharkiv Oblast
Kharkiv Oblast ( uk, Харківська́ о́бласть, translit=Kharkivska oblast), also referred to as Kharkivshchyna ( uk, Ха́рківщина), is an oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhan ...
west of the
Oskil River, within the next week.
Births
Pre-1600
*
1475
Year 1475 (Roman numerals, MCDLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–December
* January 10 – Battle of Vaslui (Moldavian–Ottoman Wars): Stephen I ...
–
Artus Gouffier, Lord of Boissy, French nobleman and politician (d. 1519)
* 1475 –
Sebastiano Serlio, Italian Mannerist architect (d. 1554)
*
1517
Year 1517 ( MDXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 22 – Battle of Ridaniya: The Holy Ottoman army of the sultan Selim I ...
–
Francisco de Holanda, Portuguese artist (d. 1585)
*
1535 –
Emanuel van Meteren, Flemish historian and author (d. 1612)
1601–1900
*
1610
Some have suggested that 1610 may mark the beginning of the Anthropocene, or the 'Age of Man', marking a fundamental change in the relationship between humans and the Earth system, but earlier starting dates (ca. 1000 C.E.) have received broa ...
–
Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena
Francesco I d'Este (6 September 1610 – 14 October 1658) was Duke of Modena and Reggio from 1629 until his death. The eldest son of Alfonso III d'Este, he became reigning duke after his father's abdication.
Biography
The pestilence of 1630– ...
, Italian noble (d. 1658)
*
1620
Events
January–June
* February 4 – Prince Bethlen Gabor signs a peace treaty with Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.
* May 17 – The first merry-go-round is seen at a fair (Philippapolis, Turkey).
* June 3 – The ...
–
Isabella Leonarda
Isabella Leonarda (6 September 1620 – 25 February 1704) was an Italian composer from Novara. At the age of 16, she entered the Collegio di Sant'Orsola, an Ursuline convent, where she stayed for the remainder of her life. Leonarda is most renow ...
, Italian composer and educator (d. 1704)
*
1631 –
Charles Porter, English-born judge (d. 1696)
*
1633
Events
January–March
* January 20 – Galileo Galilei, having been summoned to Rome on orders of Pope Urban VIII, leaves for Florence for his journey. His carriage is halted at Ponte a Centino at the border of Tuscany, where ...
–
Sebastian Knüpfer, German cantor and composer (d. 1676)
*
1656
Events
January–March
* January 5 – The First War of Villmergen, a civil war in the Confederation of Switzerland pitting its Protestant and Roman Catholic cantons against each other, breaks out but is resolved by March 7. The ...
–
Guillaume Dubois, French cardinal and politician (d. 1723)
*
1666
This is the first year to be designated as an ''Annus mirabilis'', in John Dryden's 1667 poem so titled, celebrating England's failure to be beaten either by the Dutch or by fire. It is the only year to contain each Roman numeral once in de ...
–
Ivan V of Russia
Ivan V Alekseyevich (russian: Иван V Алексеевич; – ) was Tsar of Russia between 1682 and 1696, jointly ruling with his younger half-brother Peter I. Ivan was the youngest son of Alexis I of Russia by his first wife, Maria ...
, Russian tsar (d. 1696)
*
1711
In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January–March
* January – Cary's Rebellion: The Lords Proprietor appoint Edward ...
–
Henry Muhlenberg
Henry Melchior Muhlenberg (an anglicanization of Heinrich Melchior Mühlenberg) (September 6, 1711 – October 7, 1787), was a German Lutheran pastor sent to North America as a missionary, requested by Pennsylvania colonists.
Integral to the ...
, German-American pastor and missionary (d. 1787)
*
1729
Events
January–March
* January 8 – Frederick, the eldest son of King George II of Great Britain is made Prince of Wales at the age of 21, a few months after he comes to Britain for the first time after growing up in Hanover ...
–
Moses Mendelssohn
Moses Mendelssohn (6 September 1729 – 4 January 1786) was a German-Jewish philosopher and theologian. His writings and ideas on Jews and the Jewish religion and identity were a central element in the development of the ''Haskalah'', or ' ...
, German philosopher and theologian (d. 1786)
*
1732
Events
January–March
* January 21 – Russia and Persia sign the Treaty of Riascha at Resht. Based on the terms of the agreement, Russia will no longer establish claims over Persian territories.
* February 9 – The Swedish ...
–
Johan Wilcke, Swedish physicist and academic (d. 1796)
*
1757
Events
January–March
* January 2 – Seven Years' War: The British Army, under the command of Robert Clive, captures Calcutta, India.
* January 5 – Robert-François Damiens makes an unsuccessful assassination att ...
–
Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, French general (d. 1834)
*
1766 –
John Dalton
John Dalton (; 5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. He is best known for introducing the atomic theory into chemistry, and for his research into colour blindness, which he had. Colour b ...
, English chemist, meteorologist, and physicist (d. 1844)
*
1781
Events
January–March
* January – William Pitt the Younger, later Prime Minister of Great Britain, enters Parliament, aged 21.
* January 1 – Industrial Revolution: The Iron Bridge opens across the River Severn in E ...
–
Vincent Novello
Vincent Novello (6 September 17819 August 1861), was an English musician and music publisher born in London. He was a chorister and organist, but he is best known for bringing to England many works now considered standards, and with his son he cr ...
, English composer and publisher (d. 1861)
*
1795
Events
January–June
* January – Central England records its coldest ever month, in the Central England temperature, CET records dating back to 1659.
* January 14 – The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Uni ...
–
Frances Wright
Frances Wright (September 6, 1795 – December 13, 1852), widely known as Fanny Wright, was a Scottish-born lecturer, writer, freethinker, feminist, utopian socialist, abolitionist, social reformer, and Epicurean philosopher, who became ...
, Scottish-American author and activist (d. 1852)
*
1800
As of March 1 ( O.S. February 18), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 12 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 16), ...
–
Catharine Beecher
Catharine Esther Beecher (September 6, 1800 – May 12, 1878) was an American educator known for her forthright opinions on female education as well as her vehement support of the many benefits of the incorporation of kindergarten into children's ...
, American educator and activist (d. 1878)
*
1802
Events
January–March
* January 5 – Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, begins removal of the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon in Athens, claiming they were at risk of destruction during the Ot ...
–
Alcide d'Orbigny
Alcide Charles Victor Marie Dessalines d'Orbigny (6 September 1802 – 30 June 1857) was a French naturalist who made major contributions in many areas, including zoology (including malacology), palaeontology, geology, archaeology and anthrop ...
, French zoologist, palaeontologist, and geologist (d. 1857)
*
1814
Events January
* January 1 – War of the Sixth Coalition – The Royal Prussian Army led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher crosses the Rhine.
* January 3
** War of the Sixth Coalition – Siege of Cattaro: French garriso ...
–
George-Étienne Cartier
Sir George-Étienne Cartier, 1st Baronet, (pronounced ; September 6, 1814May 20, 1873) was a Canadian statesman and Father of Confederation.
The English spelling of the name—George, instead of Georges, the usual French spelling—is explained ...
, Canadian lawyer and politician, 9th
Premier of East Canada (d. 1873)
*
1815
Events
January
* January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England.
* January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Pr ...
–
St. John Richardson Liddell, American general (d. 1870)
*
1817
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Sailing through the Sandwich Islands, Otto von Kotzebue discovers New Year Island.
* January 19 – An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General José de San Martín, starts crossing the ...
–
Alexander Tilloch Galt, English-Canadian businessman and politician, 1st
Canadian Minister of Finance (d. 1893)
*
1819
Events
January–March
* January 2 – The Panic of 1819, the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States, begins.
* January 25 – Thomas Jefferson founds the University of Virginia.
* January 29 – ...
–
William Rosecrans, American general, politician, and diplomat,
United States Ambassador to Mexico (d. 1898)
*
1838
Events
January–March
* January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London.
* January 11 – At Morristown, New Jersey, Samuel Morse, Alfred Vail and Leonard Gale give the first public demonstration o ...
–
Samuel Arnold, American conspirator (d. 1906)
*
1852
Events
January–March
* January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic.
* January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come t ...
–
Schalk Willem Burger, South African commander, lawyer, and politician, 6th
President of the South African Republic (d. 1918)
*
1855
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Ottawa, Ontario, is incorporated as a city.
* January 5 – Ramón Castilla begins his third term as President of Peru.
* January 23
** The first bridge over the Mississippi River open ...
–
Ferdinand Hummel
Ferdinand Hummel (September 6, 1855 in Berlin – April 24, 1928 in Berlin) was a German composer, harpist, harp player, pianist and Conductor (music), conductor.Ferdinand Hummel. ''Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians'' (Schirmer; 2001)
...
, German pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1928)
*
1857
Events January–March
* January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, ''Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen.
* January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating.
* J ...
–
Zelia Nuttall, American archeologist and historian (d. 1933)
*
1859
Events
January–March
* January 21 – José Mariano Salas (1797–1867) becomes Conservative interim President of Mexico.
* January 24 ( O. S.) – Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexandru Ioan Cuza (Romania since 1866, final u ...
–
Macpherson Robertson, Australian businessman and philanthropist, founded
MacRobertson's (d. 1945)
*
1860
Events
January–March
* January 2 – The discovery of a hypothetical planet Vulcan is announced at a meeting of the French Academy of Sciences in Paris, France.
* January 10 – The Pemberton Mill in Lawrence, Massachuset ...
–
Jane Addams
Laura Jane Addams (September 6, 1860 May 21, 1935) was an American settlement activist, reformer, social worker, sociologist, public administrator, and author. She was an important leader in the history of social work and women's suffrage i ...
, American sociologist and author,
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfre ...
laureate (d. 1935)
* 1860 –
May Jordan McConnel, Australian trade unionist and suffragist (d. 1929)
*
1861
Statistically, this year is considered the end of the whale oil industry and (in replacement) the beginning of the petroleum oil industry.
Events
January–March
* January 1
** Benito Juárez captures Mexico City.
** The first steam- ...
–
William Lane
William Lane (6 September 1861 – 26 August 1917) was an English-born journalist, author, advocate of Australian labour politics and a utopian socialist ideologue.
Lane was born in Bristol, England into an impoverished family. After showi ...
, English-Australian journalist, founded
New Australia
New Australia was a utopian socialist settlement in Paraguay created by the New Australian Movement. The colony was officially founded on 28 September 1893 as Colonia Nueva Australia and comprised 238 people.
History
The New Australia ...
(d. 1917)
*
1863
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War, making the abolition of slavery in the Confederate states an official war goal. It proclaims t ...
–
Jessie Willcox Smith, American
illustrator
An illustrator is an artist who specializes in enhancing writing or elucidating concepts by providing a visual representation that corresponds to the content of the associated text or idea. The illustration may be intended to clarify complicat ...
(d. 1935)
*
1868
Events
January–March
* January 2 – British Expedition to Abyssinia: Robert Napier leads an expedition to free captive British officials and missionaries.
* January 3 – The 15-year-old Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji of Ja ...
–
Heinrich Häberlin, Swiss judge and politician,
President of the Swiss National Council (d. 1947)
*
1869
Events
January–March
* January 3 – Abdur Rahman Khan is defeated at Tinah Khan, and exiled from Afghanistan.
* January 5 – Scotland's oldest professional football team, Kilmarnock F.C., is founded.
* January 20 – E ...
–
Walford Davies
Sir Henry Walford Davies (6 September 1869 – 11 March 1941) was an English composer, organist, and educator who held the title Master of the King's Music from 1934 until 1941. He served with the Royal Air Force during the First World War, du ...
, English organist and composer (d. 1941)
* 1869 –
Felix Salten
Felix Salten (; 6 September 1869 – 8 October 1945) was an Austro-Hungarian author and literary critic in Vienna.
Life and death
Salten was born Siegmund Salzmann on 6 September 1869 in Pest, Austria-Hungary. His father was Fülöp Salzmann, t ...
, Austrian-Swiss author and critic (d. 1945)
*
1876
Events
January–March
* January 1
** The Reichsbank opens in Berlin.
** The Bass Brewery Red Triangle becomes the world's first registered trademark symbol.
* February 2 – The National League, National League of Professional Ba ...
–
John Macleod, Scottish physician and physiologist,
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfre ...
laureate (d. 1935)
*
1879
Events January–March
* January 1 – The Specie Resumption Act takes effect. The United States Note is valued the same as gold, for the first time since the American Civil War.
* January 11 – The Anglo-Zulu War begins.
* Janu ...
–
Max Schreck
Friedrich Gustav Maximilian Schreck#Eickhoff, Eickhoff, Stefan. 2007 (6 September 1879 – 20 February 1936),#Walk, Walk, Ines. 2006. known professionally as Max Schreck, was a German actor, best known for his lead role as the vampire Count Orl ...
, German actor (d. 1936)
* 1879 –
Joseph Wirth, German educator and politician,
Chancellor of Germany
The chancellor of Germany, officially the federal chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany,; often shortened to ''Bundeskanzler''/''Bundeskanzlerin'', / is the head of the federal government of Germany and the commander in chief of the ...
(d. 1956)
*
1885
Events
January–March
* January 3– 4 – Sino-French War – Battle of Núi Bop: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing Chinese force, in northern Vietnam.
* January 4 &ndash ...
–
Otto Kruger
Otto Kruger (September 6, 1885 – September 6, 1974) was an American actor, originally a Broadway matinee idol, who established a niche as a charming villain in films, such as Hitchcock's '' Saboteur''. He also appeared in CBS's '' Perry Mason'' ...
, American actor (d. 1974)
*
1888
In Germany, 1888 is known as the Year of the Three Emperors. Currently, it is the year that, when written in Roman numerals, has the most digits (13). The next year that also has 13 digits is the year 2388. The record will be surpassed as late ...
–
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., American businessman and diplomat, 44th
United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom
The United States ambassador to the United Kingdom (known formally as the ambassador of the United States to the Court of St James's) is the official representative of the president of the United States and the American government to the monarch ...
(d. 1969)
*
1889
Events
January–March
* January 1
** The total solar eclipse of January 1, 1889 is seen over parts of California and Nevada.
** Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka experiences a vision, leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in th ...
–
Louis Silvers, American composer (d. 1954)
*
1890
Events
January–March
* January 1
** The Kingdom of Italy establishes Eritrea as its colony, in the Horn of Africa.
** In Michigan, the wooden steamer ''Mackinaw'' burns in a fire on the Black River.
* January 2
** The steamship '' ...
–
Clara Kimball Young
Clara Kimball Young (born Edith Matilda Clara Kimball;
September 6, 1890 – October 15, 1960) was an American film actress who was popular in the early silent film era.
Early life
Edith Matilda Clara Kimball was born in Chicago on Septemb ...
, American actress and producer (d. 1960)
*
1892 –
Edward Victor Appleton, English-Scottish physicist and academic,
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfre ...
laureate (d. 1965)
*
1893
Events
January–March
* January 2 – Webb C. Ball introduces railroad chronometers, which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America.
* Mark Twain started writing Puddn'head Wilson.
* January 6 – Th ...
–
Claire Lee Chennault
Claire Lee Chennault (September 6, 1893 – July 27, 1958) was an American military aviator best known for his leadership of the " Flying Tigers" and the Chinese Air Force in World War II.
Chennault was a fierce advocate of "pursuit" or fig ...
, American general and pilot (d. 1958)
*
1899
Events January 1899
* January 1
** Spanish rule ends in Cuba, concluding 400 years of the Spanish Empire in the Americas.
** Queens and Staten Island become administratively part of New York City.
* January 2 –
**Bolivia sets up a c ...
– Billy Rose, American composer and manager (d. 1966)
*1900 – W. A. C. Bennett, Canadian businessman and politician, 25th Premier of British Columbia (d. 1979)
* 1900 – Julien Green, French-American author (d. 1998)
1901–present
*1906 – Luis Federico Leloir, French-Argentinian physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
*1908 – Anthony Wagner, English genealogist and academic (d. 1995)
* 1908 – Korczak Ziolkowski, American sculptor, designed the Crazy Horse Memorial (d. 1982)
*1909 – Michael Gordon (film director), Michael Gordon, American actor and director (d. 1993)
*1910 – Walter Giesler, American soccer player, referee, and coach (d. 1976)
*1911 – Harry Danning, American baseball player and coach (d. 2004)
* 1911 – Charles Deutsch, French aerodynamics engineer and automobile maker, co-founder of the brand "DB (car), DB (d. 1980)
*1912 – Wayne Barlow, American organist, composer, and director (d. 1996)
*1913 – Julie Gibson, American actress and singer (d. 2019)
* 1913 – Leônidas, Brazilian footballer (d. 2004)
*1915 – Ed Oliver (golfer), Ed Oliver, American golfer (d. 1961)
* 1915 – Franz Josef Strauss, German lieutenant and politician, Minister President of Bavaria (d. 1988)
*1917 – John Berry (film director), John Berry, American-French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1999)
* 1917 – George Mann (cricketer), George Mann, English cricketer (d. 2001)
* 1917 – Philipp von Boeselager, German soldier and economist (d. 2008)
*1919 – Wilson Greatbatch, American engineer and philanthropist (d. 2011)
*1920 – Elvira Pagã, Brazilian actress, singer, and author (d. 2003)
*1921 – Carmen Laforet, Spanish author (d. 2004)
* 1921 – Norman Joseph Woodland, American inventor, co-created the bar code (d. 2012)
*1922 – Adriano Moreira, Portuguese politician, Minister of the Overseas Provinces, President of the CDS – People's Party (d. 2022)
*1923 – Peter II of Yugoslavia (d. 1970)
*1924 – John Melcher, American veterinarian and politician (d. 2018)
*1925 – Andrea Camilleri, Italian author, screenwriter, and director (d. 2019)
* 1925 – Jimmy Reed, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1976)
*1926 – Prince Claus of the Netherlands (d. 2002)
* 1926 – Jack English Hightower, American lawyer and politician (d. 2013)
* 1926 – Arthur Oldham, English composer and conductor (d. 2003)
* 1926 – Maurice Prather, American photographer and director (d. 2001)
*1928 – Fumihiko Maki, Japanese architect and academic, designed the Tokyo Metropolitan Gymnasium and Makuhari Messe
* 1928 – Robert M. Pirsig, American novelist and philosopher (d. 2017)
* 1928 – Yevgeny Svetlanov, Russian conductor and composer (d. 2002)
* 1928 – Sid Watkins, English neurosurgeon and academic (d. 2012)
*1929 – Yash Johar, Indian film producer, founded Dharma Productions (d. 2005)
* 1929 – Ljubov Rebane, Estonian physicist and mathematician (d. 1991)
*
1930
Events
January
* January 15 – The Moon moves into its nearest point to Earth, called perigee, at the same time as its fullest phase of the Lunar Cycle. This is the closest moon distance at in recent history, and the next one will be ...
– Charles Foley (inventor), Charles Foley, American game designer, co-created Twister (game), Twister (d. 2013)
* 1930 – Helmut Piirimäe, Estonian historian and academic (d. 2017)
*1931 – Bud Shrake, American journalist, author, and screenwriter (d. 2009)
*1932 – Colin McColl, English intelligence officer
* 1932 – Gilles Tremblay (composer), Gilles Tremblay, Canadian composer and educator (d. 2017)
*1935 – Isabelle Collin Dufresne, French actress and author (d. 2014)
* 1935 – Jock Wallace Jr., Scottish footballer and coach (d. 1996)
*1937 – Sergio Aragonés, Spanish-Mexican author and illustrator
* 1937 – Janusz Kurczab, Polish fencer and mountaineer (d. 2015)
* 1937 – Jo Anne Worley, American actress, comedian, and singer
*1938 – Joan Tower, American pianist, composer, and conductor
*
1939
This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1
** Third Reich
*** Jews are forbidde ...
– Brigid Berlin, American actress, painter, and photographer (d. 2020)
* 1939 – David Allan Coe, American outlaw country music singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1939 – Susumu Tonegawa, Japanese biologist and immunologist,
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfre ...
laureate
*
1940 – John M. Hayes (scientist), John M. Hayes, American scientist (d. 2017)
* 1940 – Elizabeth Murray (artist), Elizabeth Murray, American painter and illustrator (d. 2007)
* 1940 – Jackie Trent, English-Spanish singer-songwriter and actress (d. 2015)
*1941 – Roger Law, English illustrator
* 1941 – Monica Mason, South African ballerina and director
*1942 – Dave Bargeron, American trombonist and tuba player
* 1942 – Richard Hutton (cricketer), Richard Hutton, English cricketer
* 1942 – Mel McDaniel, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2011)
*
1943
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured.
* January 4 – ...
– Gordon Birtwistle, English engineer and politician
* 1943 – Richard J. Roberts, English biochemist and biologist,
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfre ...
laureate
* 1943 – Roger Waters, English singer-songwriter and bass player
*
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in No ...
– Donna Haraway, American author, academic, and activist
* 1944 – Swoosie Kurtz, American actress
*
1946 – Roger Knight, English cricketer and educator
* 1946 – Shirley M. Malcom, American scientist, academic and educator
*1947 – Jane Curtin, American actress and comedian
* 1947 – Bruce Rioch, English footballer and manager
* 1947 – Jacob Rubinovitz, Polish-Israeli engineer and academic
* 1947 – Sylvester (singer), Sylvester, American singer-songwriter (d. 1988)
*1948 – Claydes Charles Smith, American guitarist (d. 2006)
*1949 – Iris Robinson, Northern Irish politician
*1951 – Melih Kibar, Turkish composer (d. 2005)
*
1952 – Simon Burns, English politician, Minister of State for Transport
* 1952 – Vladimir Kazachyonok, Russian footballer, coach, and manager (d. 2017)
* 1952 – Buddy Miller, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
*1954 – Carly Fiorina, American businesswoman and activist
* 1954 – Demetris Kizas, Cypriot footballer
* 1954 – Patrick O'Hearn, American bassist and composer
* 1954 – John Sauven, English economist and environmentalist
*
1955 – Raymond Benson, American author and playwright
*1956 – Bill Ritter, American lawyer and politician, 41st Governor of Colorado
* 1956 – Steven Yearley, English sociologist and academic
*1957 – Ali Divandari, Iranian painter, sculptor, and journalist
* 1957 – Michaëlle Jean, Haitian-Canadian journalist and politician, 27th Governor-General of Canada
* 1957 – José Sócrates, Portuguese engineer and politician, 119th List of Prime Ministers of Portugal, Prime Minister of Portugal
*1958 – Buster Bloodvessel, English singer-songwriter
* 1958 – Jeff Foxworthy, American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter
* 1958 – Nigel Westlake, Australian composer and conductor
* 1958 – Michael Winslow, American actor
* 1958 – The Barbarian (wrestler), The Barbarian, Tongan wrestler
*1959 – Bill Root (ice hockey), Bill Root, Canadian ice hockey player
*1961 – Simon Reeve (Australian TV presenter), Simon Reeve, Australian journalist and game show host
* 1961 – Wendi Richter, American wrestler
* 1961 – Scott Travis, American rock drummer
* 1961 – Paul Waaktaar-Savoy, Norwegian musician and songwriter
*
1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wo ...
– Chris Christie, American lawyer and politician, 55th Governor of New Jersey
* 1962 – Marina Kaljurand, Estonian badminton player and diplomat, List of Ambassadors of Estonia to Russia, Estonia Ambassador to Russia
* 1962 – Elizabeth Vargas, American journalist
* 1962 – Kevin Willis, American basketball player and fashion designer
*1963 – Mark Chesnutt, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1963 – Pat Nevin, Scottish footballer and sportscaster
* 1963 – Alice Sebold, American author
* 1963 – Bryan Simonaire, American engineer and politician
* 1963 – Geert Wilders, Dutch lawyer and politician
*1964 – Rosie Perez, American actress, dancer, and director
*
1965
Events January–February
* January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years.
* January 20
** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
– Terry Bickers, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1965 – Darren Clark, Australian sprinter
* 1965 – Tony Fleet, Australian darts player
* 1965 – Christopher Nolan (author), Christopher Nolan, Irish author and poet (d. 2009)
* 1965 – Van Tiffin, American football player
*1967 – William DuVall, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1967 – Macy Gray, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
* 1967 – Kalli Kalde, Estonian painter and illustrator
* 1967 – Milan Lukić, Bosnian Serb convicted of war crimes by the ICTY
* 1967 – Igor Štimac, Croatian footballer and manager
*
1968
The year was highlighted by Protests of 1968, protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide.
Events January–February
* January 5 – "Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechos ...
– Saeed Anwar, Pakistani cricketer
* 1968 – Christopher Brookmyre, Scottish author
* 1968 – Paul Rea, American journalist
*1969 – Tony DiTerlizzi, American author and illustrator
* 1969 – Ben Finegold, American chess player and educator
* 1969 – Michellie Jones, Australian-American triathlete
* 1969 – CeCe Peniston, American singer-songwriter, actress, and former beauty pageant winner
*
1970
Events
January
* January 1 – Unix time epoch reached at 00:00:00 UTC.
* January 5 – The 7.1 Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (''Extreme''). Between 10,000 and 1 ...
– Cheyne Coates, Australian singer-songwriter and producer
* 1970 – Emily Maitlis, Canadian-English journalist
* 1970 – Rhett Miller, American alternative country singer-songwriter and guitarist
*
1971 *
The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses (Solar eclipse of February 25, 1971, February 25, Solar eclipse of July 22, 1971, July 22 and Solar eclipse of August 20, 1971, August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 1971 lunar eclip ...
– Devang Gandhi, Indian cricketer
* 1971 – Asko Künnap, Estonian poet and illustrator
* 1971 – Dolores O'Riordan, Irish singer-songwriter (d. 2018)
*
1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, me ...
– Idris Elba, English actor
* 1972 – Saulius Mikalajūnas, Lithuanian footballer
* 1972 – Anika Noni Rose, American actress and singer
*1973 – Carlo Cudicini, Italian footballer
* 1973 – Greg Rusedski, Canadian-English tennis player and sportscaster
* 1973 – Alessandro Troncon, Italian rugby player and coach
*1974 – Tim Henman, English tennis player and sportscaster
* 1974 – Nina Persson, Swedish singer-songwriter and musician
*1975 – Derrek Lee, American baseball player and coach
* 1975 – Ryoko Tani, Japanese judoka and politician
*
1976
Events January
* January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force.
* January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea.
* January 11 – The 1976 Phil ...
– Rodrigo Amarante, Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1976 – Jon Ander López, Spanish footballer (d. 2013)
* 1976 – Tom Pappas, American decathlete and coach
*1978 – Cisco Adler, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
* 1978 – Alex Escobar, Venezuelan baseball player
* 1978 – Mathew Horne, English actor and screenwriter
* 1978 – Homare Sawa, Japanese footballer
*1979 – Mike Arnaoutis, Greek boxer
* 1979 – Foxy Brown (rapper), Foxy Brown, American rapper
* 1979 – Massimo Maccarone, Italian footballer
* 1979 – Carlos Adrián Morales, Mexican footballer
* 1979 – Low Ki, American wrestler
*1980 – Jillian Hall, American wrestler and singer
* 1980 – Kerry Katona, English singer and actress
* 1980 – Samuel Peter, Nigerian boxer
* 1980 – Joseph Yobo, Nigerian footballer
*1981 – Yuki Abe, Japanese footballer
* 1981 – Yumiko Cheng, Hong Kong singer and actress
* 1981 – Andrew Richardson (West Indian cricketer), Andrew Richardson, Jamaican cricketer
* 1981 – Mark Teahen, American baseball player
*
1983
The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call.
Events January
* January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning ...
– Braun Strowman, American wrestler and strongman
*1984 – Helena Ekholm, Swedish skier
* 1984 – William Porterfield, Northern Irish cricketer
*
1985
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
** The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
– Mitch Moreland, American baseball player
*
1985
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
** The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
– Małgorzata Rejmer, Polish novelist
*
1986
The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
**Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles.
**Spain and Portugal enter ...
– Matt Keating, Australian rugby league player
*1987 – Ramiele Malubay, Filipino-American singer
* 1987 – Emir Preldžić, Turkish basketball player
*1988 – Ray Fujita, French-Japanese actor and singer
* 1988 – Max George (singer), Max George, English singer-songwriter and actor
* 1988 – Denis Tonucci, Italian footballer
*1989 – Nikos Boutzikos, Greek footballer
* 1989 – Kim So-eun, South Korean actress
*1990 – Matt McAndrew, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1990 – John Wall (basketball), John Wall, American basketball player
*1992 – Young Tonumaipea, Samoan rugby league player
*1993 – Mattia Valoti, Italian footballer
*
1995
File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The Great Hanshin earthquake strike ...
– Mustafizur Rahman, Bangladeshi cricketer
*1996 – Andrés Tello, Colombian footballer
*
1997
File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic'', the highest-grossing movie in history at the time; ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of ...
– Mallory Comerford, American swimmer
* 1997 – Jai Field, Australian rugby league player
* 1997 – Tsukushi (wrestler), Tsukushi, Japanese wrestler
*1998 – Michele Perniola, Italian singer
*1999 – Patrick Brasca, Canadian-Taiwanese singer-songwriter
*2002 – Leylah Fernandez, Canadian tennis player
Deaths
Pre-1600
*
394
__NOTOC__
Year 394 (CCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in Western Europe as the Year of the Consulship of Flavianus without colleague (or, less ...
–
Eugenius
Eugenius (died 6 September 394) was a usurper in the Western Roman Empire (392–394) against Emperor Theodosius I. While Christian himself, Eugenius capitalized on the discontent in the West caused by Theodosius' religious policies targetin ...
, Roman usurper
* 926 – Abaoji, Taizu of Liao, Khitan ruler (b. 872)
* 952 – Emperor Suzaku, Suzaku, emperor of Japan (b. 923)
* 957 – Liudolf, Duke of Swabia, Liudolf, duke of Duchy of Swabia, Swabia (b. 930)
* 972 – Pope John XIII, John XIII, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 930)
*1276 – Vicedomino de Vicedominis, Italian cardinal (b. 1210)
*1431 – Demetrios Laskaris Leontares, Byzantine admiral and diplomat
*1511 – Ashikaga Yoshizumi, Japanese shōgun (b. 1481)
*1553 – Juan de Homedes y Coscon, 47th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. c.1477)
*1566 – Suleiman the Magnificent, Ottoman sultan (b. 1494)
1601–1900
*1625 – Thomas Dempster, Scottish historian and scholar (b. 1579)
*1635 – Metius, Dutch mathematician and astronomer (b. 1571)
*1649 – Robert Dudley (explorer), Robert Dudley, English geographer and explorer (b. 1574)
*1683 – Jean-Baptiste Colbert, French economist and politician, List of Finance Ministers of France, French Controller-General of Finances (b. 1619)
*1708 – Sir John Morden, 1st Baronet, English merchant and philanthropist, founded Morden College (b. 1623)
*1748 – Edmund Gibson, English bishop and scholar (b. 1669)
*1783 – Carlo Bertinazzi, Italian actor and author (b. 1710)
*1808 – Louis-Pierre Anquetil, French historian and author (b. 1723)
*1836 – Gaspar Flores de Abrego, three terms mayor of San Antonio, in Spanish Texas (b. 1781)
[ Consulted in May 22–26, 2010.]
*
1868
Events
January–March
* January 2 – British Expedition to Abyssinia: Robert Napier leads an expedition to free captive British officials and missionaries.
* January 3 – The 15-year-old Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji of Ja ...
– Pierre Adolphe Rost, American lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1797)
*
1885
Events
January–March
* January 3– 4 – Sino-French War – Battle of Núi Bop: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing Chinese force, in northern Vietnam.
* January 4 &ndash ...
– Narcís Monturiol, Spanish engineer, designed the ''Ictineo I'' and ''Ictineo II'' (b. 1819)
*1891 – Charles Jamrach, German-English businessman (b. 1815)
1901–present
*1902 – Frederick Abel, English chemist and engineer (b. 1827)
*1907 – Sully Prudhomme, French poet and critic, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1839)
*1919 – Lord Charles Beresford, English admiral and politician (b. 1846)
*1927 – William Libbey, American target shooter and geographer (b. 1855)
*1938 – John Stuart Hindmarsh, English race car driver and pilot (b. 1907)
*
1939
This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 1
** Third Reich
*** Jews are forbidde ...
– Arthur Rackham, English illustrator (b. 1867)
*
1940 – Thomas Harte (Irish republican), executed prisoner (b. 1915)
*
1940 – Patrick McGrath (Irish Republican), executed prisoner (b. 1894)
*
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in No ...
– James Cannon Jr., American Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South
*1945 – John S. McCain Sr., American admiral (b. 1884)
*1949 – Walter Widdop, English tenor and actor (b. 1892)
*1950 – Olaf Stapledon, English philosopher and author (b. 1886)
*1951 – James W. Gerard, American lawyer and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Germany (b. 1867)
*
1952 – Gertrude Lawrence, English actress, singer, and dancer (b. 1898)
*1956 – Witold Hurewicz, Polish mathematician (b. 1904)
* 1956 – Lee Jung-seob, North Korean painter (b. 1916)
*1959 – Edmund Gwenn, English actor (b. 1877)
* 1959 – Kay Kendall, English actress and comedian (b. 1927)
*
1962
Events January
* January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand.
* January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism.
* January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wo ...
– Hanns Eisler, German-Austrian composer (b. 1898)
* 1962 – Seiichiro Kashio, Japanese tennis player (b. 1892)
*
1966
Events January
* January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko.
* January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo is ...
– Margaret Sanger, American nurse, educator, and activist (b. 1879)
* 1966 –
Hendrik Verwoerd
Hendrik Frensch Verwoerd (; 8 September 1901 – 6 September 1966) was a South African politician, a scholar of applied psychology and sociology, and chief editor of ''Die Transvaler'' newspaper. He is commonly regarded as the architect ...
, Dutch-South African journalist and politician, 7th Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1901)
*1969 – Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian footballer (b. 1892)
*
1972
Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, me ...
– Perpetrator and victims of the
Munich massacre
The Munich massacre was a terrorist attack carried out during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, by eight members of the Palestinian militant organization Black September, who infiltrated the Olympic Village, killed two members ...
** Luttif Afif, Palestinian terrorist (b. 1945)
** David Mark Berger, American-Israeli weightlifter (b. 1944)
** Ze'ev Friedman, Polish-Israeli weightlifter (b. 1944)
** Yossef Gutfreund, Israeli wrestling judge (b. 1931)
** Eliezer Halfin, Russian-Israeli wrestler (b. 1948)
** Amitzur Shapira, Russian-Israeli runner and coach (b. 1932)
** Kehat Shorr, Romanian shooting coach (b. 1919)
** Mark Slavin, Israeli wrestler (b. 1954)
** Andre Spitzer, Romanian-Israeli fencer and coach (b. 1945)
** Yakov Springer, Polish-Israeli wrestler and coach (b. 1921)
*1974 – Olga Baclanova, Russian-Swiss actress and ballerina (b. 1896)
* 1974 –
Otto Kruger
Otto Kruger (September 6, 1885 – September 6, 1974) was an American actor, originally a Broadway matinee idol, who established a niche as a charming villain in films, such as Hitchcock's '' Saboteur''. He also appeared in CBS's '' Perry Mason'' ...
, American actor (b. 1885)
*1978 – Max Decugis, French tennis player (b. 1882)
* 1978 – Tom Wilson (record producer), Tom Wilson, American record producer (b. 1931)
*1979 – Ronald Binge, English organist and composer (b. 1910)
*1982 – Azra Erhat, Turkish archaeologist, author, and academic (b. 1915)
*1984 – Ernest Tubb, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1914)
*
1985
The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
** The Internet's Domain Name System is created.
** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
– Franco Ferrara, Italian conductor and composer (b. 1911)
*
1986
The year 1986 was designated as the International Year of Peace by the United Nations.
Events January
* January 1
**Aruba gains increased autonomy from the Netherlands by separating from the Netherlands Antilles.
**Spain and Portugal enter ...
– Blanche Sweet, American actress (b. 1896)
*1988 – Leroy Brown (wrestler), Leroy Brown, American wrestler (b. 1950)
*1990 – Tom Fogerty, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1941)
* 1990 – Len Hutton, English cricketer and soldier (b. 1916)
*
1991
File:1991 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Boris Yeltsin, elected as Russia's first president, waves the new flag of Russia after the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, orchestrated by Soviet hardliners; Mount Pinatubo erupts in the ...
– Bob Goldham, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster (b. 1922)
*1992 – Henry Ephron, American playwright, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1912)
*1994 – Nicky Hopkins, English pianist (b. 1944)
* 1994 – Max Kaminsky (musician), Max Kaminsky, American trumpet player and bandleader (b. 1908)
*
1997
File:1997 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The movie set of ''Titanic'', the highest-grossing movie in history at the time; ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'', is published; Comet Hale-Bopp passes by Earth and becomes one of ...
– P. H. Newby, English author and broadcaster (b. 1918)
*1998 – Akira Kurosawa, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1910)
* 1998 – Ric Segreto, American-Filipino singer-songwriter, actor, and journalist (b. 1952)
* 1998 – Ernst-Hugo Järegård, Swedish actor (b. 1928)
*1999 – Lagumot Harris, Nauruan politician, 3rd President of Nauru (b. 1938)
* 1999 – René Lecavalier, Canadian sportscaster (b. 1918)
*2005 – Hasan Abidi, Pakistani journalist and poet (b. 1929)
*2000 – Abdul Haris Nasution, Indonesian Military (b. 1918)
* 2005 – Eugenia Charles, Dominican lawyer and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Dominica (b. 1919)
*
2007
File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
– Madeleine L'Engle, American author and poet (b. 1918)
* 2007 – Luciano Pavarotti, Italian tenor (b. 1935)
*2008 – Anita Page, American actress (b. 1910)
*
2009
File:2009 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The vertical stabilizer of Air France Flight 447 is pulled out from the Atlantic Ocean; Barack Obama becomes the first African American to become President of the United States; 2009 Iran ...
– Catherine Gaskin, Irish-Australian author (b. 1929)
*2010 – Boris Chetkov, Russian painter (b. 1926)
* 2010 – Clive Donner, English director and editor (b. 1926)
*2011 – Michael S. Hart, American author, founded Project Gutenberg (b. 1947)
*
2012
File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
– Elisabeth Böhm, German architect (b. 1921)
* 2012 – Lawrie Dring, Scottish scout leader, founded World Federation of Independent Scouts (b. 1931)
* 2012 – Jerome Kilty, American actor and playwright (b. 1922)
* 2012 – Art Modell, American businessman (b. 1925)
* 2012 – Oscar Rossi, Argentinian footballer and manager (b. 1930)
* 2012 – Terry Nutkins, English naturalist, television presenter and author (b. 1946)
*
2013
File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment ...
– Ann C. Crispin, American author (b. 1950)
* 2013 – Khin Maung Kyi, Burmese economist and scholar (b. 1926)
* 2013 – Santiago Rosario, Puerto Rican-American baseball player and coach (b. 1939)
*2014 – Odd Bondevik, Norwegian bishop and theologian (b. 1941)
* 2014 – Cirilo Flores, American bishop (b. 1948)
* 2014 – Seth Martin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1933)
* 2014 – Kira Zvorykina, Belarusian chess player and educator (b. 1919)
*2015 – Ralph Milne, Scottish footballer (b. 1961)
* 2015 – Martin Milner, American actor (b. 1931)
* 2015 – Barney Schultz, American baseball player and coach (b. 1926)
* 2015 – Calvin J. Spann, American general and pilot (b. 1924)
*2017 – Peter Luck, Australian journalist and television host (b. 1944)
* 2017 – Kate Millett, American feminist author and activist (b. 1934)
*
2018
File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the United ...
– Richard DeVos, American billionaire businessman (b. 1926)
* 2018 – Liz Fraser, English actress (b. 1930)
* 2018 – Will Jordan, American comedian and actor (b. 1927)
* 2018 – Burt Reynolds, American actor, director and producer (b. 1936)
*2019 – Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwean politician, 2nd President of Zimbabwe (b. 1924)
*2020 – Lou Brock, American baseball player (b. 1939)
*2021 – Jean-Paul Belmondo, French actor (b. 1933)
* 2021 – Michael K. Williams, American actor (b. 1966)
Holidays and observances
* Christian feast days:
** Begga
** Chagnoald
** Faustus, Abibus and Dionysius of Alexandria
** Gondulphus of Metz
** Magnus of Füssen
** Onesiphorus
** Zechariah (Hebrew prophet) (Catholic church)
** September 6 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
* The earliest date on which the Abbots Bromley Horn Dance is performed
* Armed Forces Day (São Tomé and Príncipe)
* Defence Day or Armed Forces Day#Pakistan, Army Day (Pakistan)
* Flag Day (Bonaire)
* Independence Day (Swaziland), celebrates the independence of Eswatini from the United Kingdom in 1968
* Unification Day (Bulgaria)
References
External links
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Days of the year
September