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Operation Grand Slam
Operation Grand Slam was a key military operation of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. It refers to a plan drawn up by the Pakistan Army in May 1965, that consisted of an attack on the vital Akhnoor Bridge in Jammu and Kashmir, India. The bridge was not only the lifeline of an entire infantry division of the Indian Army, but could also be used to threaten the city of Jammu, an important logistical point for Indian forces. The operation saw initial success, but was aborted when the Indian Army opened a new front in the Pakistani province of Punjab in order to relieve pressure in Kashmir. This forced Pakistan to abandon Grand Slam and fight in Punjab, so that the operation ended in failure and stated objectives were not achieved. Planning The Operation Grand Slam was designed as a twin of the Operation Gibraltar, both of which were meant to jeopardise India's control of Kashmir and bring it to the negotiating table without risking a general war across the international bord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chumb
Chumb (), officially called Chammb, is a city in the southern tip of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. The Chammb sector consists of many villages, Kherowal, Burejal, Nagial, Paur, Dingawali, Chak Pandit, Praganwala, Jhanda, Singry, Sardari, Banian, Punjgran, Barila Sharif, all of these villages are located within Chhamb sector. People are from various ethnic groups such as Gujjars, Bakerwals, Paharis, Khokhars. A Baradari system is prevalent throughout the region. The Pakistan Army has built its infrastructure in Chammb. Most people's languages are Pahari-Pothwari and Punjabi. Chammb is also known as Iftikharabad due to Maj General Iftikhar Khan Janjua who played a key role in occupying Chammb. It is divided into two parts South Iftikharabad and North Iftikharabad. There is only one police station (Singry). Chammb sector was under Indian control until the War of 1971, when the Pakistan Army regained the area. Chammb is the last outpost of Pakistan's Azad Kashmir. Chammb has fertil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theater (warfare)
In warfare, a theater or theatre is an area in which important military events occur or are in progress. A theater can include the entirety of the airspace, land, and sea area that is—or that may potentially become—involved in war operations. Theater of war In his book ''On War'', Carl von Clausewitz defines the term ''Kriegstheater'' (translating the older, 17th-century Latin term ''theatrum belli'') as one that: Theater of operations ''Theater of operations'' (TO) is a sub-area within a theater of war. The boundary of a TO is defined by the commander who is orchestrating or providing support for specific combat operations within the TO. Theater of operations is divided into strategic directions or military regions depending on whether it is a war or peacetime. Unified combatant commands of the Department of Defense (United States) have responsibility for military activities (combat and non-combat) within their area of responsibility. Soviet and Russian Armed Forc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhtar Malik
Akhtar Hussain Malik (1910s – 22 August 1969) was a Pakistani senior military officer, and a widely decorated war hero of the Pakistan Army due to his leadership and command during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. Early years Akhtar Hussain Malik was born in the small village of Pindori, Attock District, British Raj, British India (present-day Punjab, Pakistan). He was the son of Malik Ghulam Nabi, the Head teacher, headmaster at a local school. Due to the scarcity of good educational institutions in the vicinity of his village at the time, his father made an effort to send him to a school miles away, because of which he and his friends would have to walk for hours every day. By the time he graduated from college, World War II had already broken out and Malik Military service, enlisted as a sepoy in the British Indian Army. His personal discipline, educational level and intelligence were soon noticed by the higher command and he was sent to the Indian Military Academy in De ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramban, Jammu And Kashmir
Ramban is a town in Ramban district of Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is the district headquarters of Ramban district. It lies on the banks of the Chenab river in Jammu Division on the National Highway-1A (now NH-44) at about 120 km from Jammu and about 130 km from Srinagar, making it almost the central point on the Jammu-Srinagar National Highway. History C.E. Bats writes in his book, ‘''The Gazetteer of Kashmir''’, that before the formation of the J&K State in 1846, there was a small village consisting of 15 houses on the right bank of Chenab river known as Nashband (later 'Ramban'). When Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu became the Maharaja of J&K State, he adopted the Jammu- Udhampur-Banihal route to reach Srinagar for the movement of royal caravans. In this process, Ramban received the status of halting station for the royal caravans. The Dogras constructed a pucca building near present Ramban and a wooden bridge for the crossing of Chenab River. Sukhdev Singh C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udhampur
Udhampur (ˌʊd̪ʱəmpur) is a city and a municipal council in Udhampur district in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. It is the headquarters of Udhampur District. Named after Raja Udham Singh, it serves as the district capital and the Northern Command headquarters of the Indian Army. A Forward Base Support Unit (FBSU) of the Indian Air Force is also stationed here. Udhampur is used by the Armed Forces as a transit point between Jammu and Srinagar when travelling by road on National Highway 1A, which has since been renamed as National Highway 44. Tourist attractions include Patnitop, Panchari Landhar, Ladha Dhar, Dudu Basantgarh, Ramnagar, Yug Dhar, Shivgarh, Sudhmahadev, Mantali International Yoga Center, Benesangh, and Chenani Nashri Tunnel. Geography The district of Udhampur is located in the Shivalik range of Himalayas and the terrain is mostly mountainous. The upper reaches of the district experience snowfall in the winter season like Panchari Landha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Highway 1A (India, Old Numbering)
National Highway 1A (NH 1A) was a National Highway in North India that connected the Kashmir valley to Jammu and the rest of India. The northern terminal was in Uri in Jammu and Kashmir and the southern terminal was in Jalandhar. Stretches of old NH 1A ran through some extremely treacherous terrain and shut-offs because of avalanches or landslides common in Winter months. The famous Jawahar Tunnel that connects Jammu with the Kashmir Valley across the Pir Panjal Range falls en route. The total length of NH 1A was 663 km. New tunnels on the road were planned to reduce the distance between the two cities by 82 km and the travel time by two-thirds. Most of these tunnels such as Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Tunnel and new Banihal double_road_tunnel have been executed and commissioned. Renumbering NH 1A number now does not exist and old NH 1A is now a part of new NH 1 and NH 44 after renumbering of all national highways in the year 2010. National Highways Develo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akhnur
Akhnoor is a town and Municipal governance in India, municipal committee, near city of Jammu in Jammu district of Indian National Congress, Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), Jammu and Kashmir. It lies 28 km away from Jammu, Jammu city. Akhnoor is on the bank of the Chenab River, just before it enters the Punjab, Pakistan, Pakistani Punjab. Its border location gives it strategic significance. The Akhnoor area is divided into three administrative sub-divisions - Akhnoor, Chowki Choura and Khour, India, Khour; Seven Tehsils - Akhnoor Khaas, Chowki Choura, Maira Mandrian, Jourian, Kharah Balli, Khour & Pargwal. History Ancient The place is believed to be the ancient city of ''Virat Nagar'' mentioned in the Mahabarata, Mahabharata however, Viratnagar, Bairat, a town in northern Jaipur district of Rajasthan is more established as the ancient ''Virat Nagar''. The place is one of the most important historical sites in Jammu and Kashmir. Excavations by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayub Khan
Mohammad Ayub Khan (14 May 1907 – 19 April 1974) was a Pakistani military dictator who served as the second president of Pakistan from 1958 until his resignation on 1969. He was the first native commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Army, serving from 1951 to 1958. Khan rose to prominence after his 1958 coup d'état which ousted President Iskandar Ali Mirza, who had himself imposed martial law in the country. Ayub Khan's presidency ended in 1969 when he resigned amid the 1968–69 Pakistan revolution. Born in the North-West Frontier Province, Ayub Khan was educated from the Aligarh Muslim University and trained at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He fought in the Second World War on the British side against the Imperial Japanese Army. After the Partition of British India in August 1947, he joined the Pakistan Army and was posted in East Bengal. In 1951, he became the first native commander-in-chief, succeeding General Gracey. From 1953 to 1958, he served in the civilia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Gibraltar
Operation Gibraltar was the codename of a military operation planned and executed by the Pakistan Army in the territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India in August 1965. The operation's strategy was to covertly cross the Line of Control (LoC) and incite the Muslim-majority Kashmiri population's uprising against the Indian Government. The military leadership believed that a rebellion (sparked by Operation Gibraltar) by the local Kashmiri population against Indian authorities would serve as Pakistan's ''casus belli'' against India on the international stage. Pakistan's leadership specifically chose this name to draw a parallel to the Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula that was launched from Gibraltar. In August 1965, Pakistani army troops from the Azad Kashmir Regular Force, disguised as locals, entered Jammu and Kashmir from Azad Kashmir with the goal of fomenting an insurgency amongst the Muslim-majority population in the Kashmir Valley. However, the strategy went aw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manawar Tawi
Manawar is a town with tehsil in Dhar district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The name Manawar came from name of river Maan River that flows at southern edge of the town. Pin code of Manawar is 454446. Geography Manawar is located at . It has an average elevation of 180 metres (590 feet). It lies in Narmada Valley The Narmada River, previously also known as ''Narbada'' or anglicised as ''Nerbudda'', is the 5th longest river in India and overall the longest west-flowing river in the country. It is also the largest flowing river in the state of Madhya Prade .... Nearest Railway station and airport is Indore which is 129 km from Manawar. National Highway 3 is 50 km from Manawar. Demographics As of the 2011 Census of India, Manawar had a population of 30,393. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Manawar has an average literacy rate of 63%, lower than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 68%, and female literacy is 58 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chenab River
The Chenab River is a major river in India and Pakistan, and is one of the 5 major rivers of the Punjab region. It is formed by the union of two headwaters, the Chandra and Bhaga, which rise in the upper Himalayas in the Lahaul region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The Chenab flows then through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India into the plains of Punjab, Pakistan, where it joins the Sutlej River to form the Panjnad, which ultimately flows into the Indus River at Mithankot. The waters of the Chenab were allocated to Pakistan under the terms of the Indus Waters Treaty. India is allowed non-consumptive uses such as power generation. The Chenab River is extensively used in Pakistan for irrigation. Its waters are also transferred to the channel of the Ravi River via numerous link canals. Name The Chenab river was called ' () in the Rigveda (VIII.20.25, X.75.5). The name meant that it was seen to have dark-coloured waters. The term Krishana is also found in the At ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaleeth
Kaleeth is a village panchayat located in the Jammu district in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Located from Jammu, Kaleeth is located in the foothills of the Himalayas. It is also part of proposed Jammu–Poonch line. Geography Kaleeth is located about 18 km far from Akhnoor. It is a hilly region which falls under chambh sector. It lies near to the border of Pakistan. The border of Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ... can clearly be seen from the height of this place. Kaleeth also have ancient temples, mosques, and a churches. Mainly it was known as a strategic advantage point to be used in war because of the Fort that was made there and was awarded to Colonel Shiv Ram Singh along with the nearby forest land by the Ruler of Riyasat of J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
