The 65th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the

United States Senate The United States Senate is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the upper house, with the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives being the lower house. Together, the Senate and ...

and the

United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the lower house, with the U.S. Senate being the upper house. Together, the House and Senate have the authority under Artic ...

. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1917, to March 4, 1919, during the fifth and sixth years of

Woodrow Wilson Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was the 28th president of the United States, serving from 1913 to 1921. He was the only History of the Democratic Party (United States), Democrat to serve as president during the Prog ...

presidency A presidency is an administration or the executive, the collective administrative and governmental entity that exists around an office of president of a state or nation. Although often the executive branch of government, and often personified b ...

. The apportionment of seats in this

House of Representatives House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entities. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often ...

was based on the

1910 United States census The 1910 United States census, conducted by the Census Bureau on April 15, 1910, determined the resident population of the United States to be 92,228,496, an increase of 21 percent over the 76,212,168 persons enumerated during the 1900 census ...

. The Senate maintained a Democratic majority. In the House, the

Republicans Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...

had actually won a plurality, but as the Progressives and Socialist Representative

Meyer London Meyer London (December 29, 1871 – June 6, 1926) was a Lithuanian-born American politician from New York City. He represented the Lower East Side of Manhattan and was one of only two members of the Socialist Party of America elected to the Unit ...

caucused with the Democrats, this gave them the operational majority of the nearly evenly divided chamber, thus giving the Democrats full control of Congress, and along with

President Wilson Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856February 3, 1924) was the 28th president of the United States, serving from 1913 to 1921. He was the only History of the Democratic Party (United States), Democrat to serve as president during the Prog ...

maintaining an overall federal government

trifecta Trifecta A trifecta is a parimutuel bet placed on a horse race in which the bettor must predict which horses will finish first, second, and third, in the exact order. Known as a trifecta in the US and Australia, this is known as a tricast in ...

Major events

* March 4, 1917:

Jeannette Rankin Jeannette Pickering Rankin (June 11, 1880 – May 18, 1973) was an American politician and women's rights advocate who became the first woman to hold federal office in the United States. She was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as ...

Montana Montana ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, an ...

became the first woman member of the United States House of Representatives. * March 8, 1917: The

adopted the

cloture Cloture (, ), closure or, informally, a guillotine, is a motion or process in parliamentary procedure aimed at bringing debate to a quick end. The cloture procedure originated in the French National Assembly, from which the name is taken. is ...

rule to limit filibusters. * March 31, 1917: The United States takes possession of the

Danish West Indies The Danish West Indies () or Danish Virgin Islands () or Danish Antilles were a Danish colony in the Caribbean, consisting of the islands of Saint Thomas with , Saint John () with , Saint Croix with , and Water Island. The islands of St ...

, which become the

US Virgin Islands The United States Virgin Islands, officially the Virgin Islands of the United States, are a group of Caribbean islands and a Territories of the United States, territory of the United States. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Isl ...

, after paying $25 million to

Denmark Denmark is a Nordic countries, Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the metropole and most populous constituent of the Kingdom of Denmark,, . also known as the Danish Realm, a constitutionally unitary state that includes the Autonomous a ...

. * April 2, 1917:

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

: President Woodrow Wilson asks the U.S. Congress for a declaration of war on

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

. * December 4, 1917:

: President

delivers the

State of the Union Address The State of the Union Address (sometimes abbreviated to SOTU) is an annual message delivered by the president of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress near the beginning of most calendar years on the current condit ...

and requests declaration of war on

Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary, also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe#Before World War I, Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. A military ...

. * March 4, 1918: A soldier at

Camp Funston Camp Funston is a U.S. Army training camp located on the grounds of Fort Riley, southwest of Manhattan, Kansas. The camp was named for Brigadier General Frederick Funston (1865–1917). It is one of sixteen such camps that were established at ...

, Kansas, fell sick with the first confirmed case of the

Spanish flu The 1918–1920 flu pandemic, also known as the Great Influenza epidemic or by the common misnomer Spanish flu, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 subtype of the influenza A virus. The earliest docum ...

. * November 11, 1918:

ends.

Major legislation

* April 6, 1917: Declaration of war against Germany, Sess. 1 ch. 1, * April 24, 1917: First Liberty Bond Act, Sess. 1, ch. 4, * May 12, 1917: Enemy Vessel Confiscation Joint Resolution, , * May 12, 1917: First Army Appropriations Act of 1917, * May 18, 1917:

Selective Service Act of 1917 The Selective Service Act of 1917 or Selective Draft Act () authorized the United States federal government to raise a national army for service in World War I through conscription. It was envisioned in December 1916 and brought to Presiden ...

, Sess. 1, ch. 15, * May 29, 1917: Esch Car Service Act of 1917, Sess. 1, ch. 23, * June 15, 1917: Emergency Shipping Fund Act of 1917, c. 29, * June 15, 1917: Second Army Appropriations Act of 1917, * June 15, 1917:

Espionage Act of 1917 The Espionage Act of 1917 is a United States federal law enacted on June 15, 1917, shortly after the United States entered World War I. It has been amended numerous times over the years. It was originally found in Title 50 of the U.S. Code ( ...

, Sess. 1, ch. 30, (incl. title XI: Search Warrant Act of 1917) * July 24, 1917:

Aviation Act of 1917 Aviation Act of 1917 was a United States military appropriations bill authorizing a temporary increase for the United States Army Signal Corps. The Act of Congress authorized provisions for airship or dirigible operations governed by the U.S. Arm ...

, ch. 40, * August 8, 1917: River and Harbor Act of 1917, Sess. 1, ch. 49, * August 10, 1917: Priority of Shipments Act of 1917 ( Obstruction of Interstate Commerce Act of 1917), Sess. 1, ch. 51, * August 10, 1917:

Food and Fuel Control Act The Food and Fuel Control Act, , also called the Lever Act or the Lever Food Act was a World War I era US law that among other things created the United States Food Administration and the United States Fuel Administration, as well as the Price ...

( Lever Act), Sess. 1, ch. 53, * October 1, 1917: Second Liberty Bond Act, Sess. 1, ch. 56, * October 1, 1917: Aircraft Board Act of 1917, Sess. 1, ch. 61, * October 3, 1917:

War Revenue Act of 1917 The United States War Revenue Act of 1917 greatly increased federal income tax An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) in respect of the income or profits earned by them (commonly called taxable income). Income tax ...

, Sess. 1, ch. 63, * October 5, 1917: Repatriation Act of 1917, Sess. 1, ch. 68, * October 6, 1917:

Federal Explosives Act of 1917 Federal Explosives Act of 1917 is a United States federal statutory law citing an incriminating act for the distribution, manufacture, possession, storage, and use of explosive material during the time of war. The Act of Congress authorizes the ...

, Sess. 1, ch. 83, * October 6, 1917: War Risk Insurance Act of 1917, Sess. 1, ch. 105, * October 6, 1917:

International Emergency Economic Powers Act The International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), Title II of , is a United States federal law authorizing the president to regulate international commerce after declaring a national emergency in response to any unusual and extraordinar ...

(

Trading with the Enemy Act Trading with the Enemy Act is a stock short title used for legislation in the United Kingdom and the United States relating to trading with the enemy. ''Trading with the Enemy Acts'' is also a generic name for a class of legislation generally pas ...

), Sess. 1, ch. 106, * December 7, 1917: Declaration of war against Austria–Hungary, Sess. 2, ch. 1, * February 24, 1918: Revenue Act of 1918, Sess. 2, ch. 18, * March 8, 1918: Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act, Sess. 2, ch. 20, * March 19, 1918:

Standard Time Act of 1918 The Standard Time Act of 1918, also known as the Calder Act, was the first United States federal law implementing Standard time and Daylight saving time in the United States. It defined five time zones for the continental United States and aut ...

(

Calder Act The Standard Time Act of 1918, also known as the Calder Act, was the first United States federal law implementing Standard time and Daylight saving time in the United States. It defined five time zones for the continental United States and aut ...

), Sess. 2, ch. 24, * March 21, 1918: Federal Control Act of 1918, Sess. 2, ch. 25, * April 4, 1918: Third Liberty Bond Act, Sess. 2, ch. 44, * April 5, 1918: War Finance Corporation Act, Sess. 2, ch. 45, * April 10, 1918: Webb–Pomerene Act, Sess. 2, ch. 50, * April 18, 1918: American Forces Abroad Indemnity Act, Sess. 2, ch. 57, * April 20, 1918: Destruction of War Materials Act, Sess. 2, ch. 59, * April 23, 1918:

Pittman Act The Pittman Act was a United States federal law The law of the United States comprises many levels of Codification (law), codified and uncodified forms of law, of which the supreme law is the nation's Constitution of the United States, C ...

, Sess. 2, ch. 63, * May 9, 1918: Alien Naturalization Act, Sess. 2, ch. 69, * May 16, 1918: Housing Act, Sess. 2, ch. 74, * May 16, 1918:

Sedition Act of 1918 Sedition is overt conduct, such as speech or organization, that tends toward rebellion against the established order. Sedition often includes subversion of a constitution and incitement of discontent toward, or insurrection against, establ ...

, Sess. 2, ch. 75, * May 20, 1918:

Departmental Reorganization Act The Departmental Reorganization Act (, May 20, 1918), also known as the Overman Act, was an American law that increased presidential power during World War I. Sponsored by Sen. Lee S. Overman, a Democrat from North Carolina, it gave President W ...

(

Overman Act The Departmental Reorganization Act (, May 20, 1918), also known as the Overman Act, was an American law that increased presidential power during World War I. Sponsored by Sen. Lee S. Overman, a Democrat from North Carolina, it gave President W ...

), Sess. 2, ch. 78, * May 22, 1918:

Wartime Measure Act of 1918 Wartime Measure Act of 1918 was United States federal legislation deeming wartime travel as an unlawful act when touring without a United States passport. Background The passport has long been used as an instrument of international travel, not ...

, Sess. 2, ch. 81, * May 31, 1918: Saulsbury Resolution, Sess. 2, ch. 90, * June 27, 1918: Veterans Rehabilitation Act ( Smith–Sears Act), Sess. 2, ch. 107, * July 3, 1918:

Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 (MBTA), codified at (although §709 is omitted), is a United States federal law, first enacted in 1918 to implement the convention for the protection of migratory birds between the United States and Canada. ...

, Sess. 2, ch. 128, * July 9, 1918: Fourth Liberty Bond Act, Sess. 2, ch. 142, * July 9, 1918: Army Appropriations Act of 1918, Sess. 2, ch. 143, (incl. ch. 15: Public Health and Research Act of 1918 (

Chamberlain–Kahn Act The Chamberlain–Kahn Act of 1918 is a U.S. federal law passed on July 9, 1918, by the 65th United States Congress. The law implemented a public health program that came to be known as the American Plan, whose stated goal was to combat the spr ...

)) * July 18, 1918: River and Harbor Act of 1918, Sess. 2, ch. 155, * July 18, 1918: Charter Rate and Requisition Act of 1918, Sess. 2, ch. 157, * October 16, 1918:

Immigration Act of 1918 The United States Immigration Act of 1918 (ch. 186, ) was enacted on October 16, 1918.''The New York Times'' accessed July 13, 2010 It is also known as the Dillingham-Hardwick Act. It was intended to correct what President Woodrow Wilson's admin ...

( Dillingham–Hardwick Act), Sess. 2, ch. 186, * October 16, 1918: Corrupt Practices Act of 1918 ( Gerry Act), Sess. 2, ch. 187, * November 7, 1918: National Bank Consolidation Act of 1918, Sess. 2, ch. 209, * November 21, 1918: Food Production Stimulation Act ( War–Time Prohibition Act), Sess. 2, ch. 212, * February 24, 1919: Child Labor Act of 1919, Sess. 3, ch. 18, * February 26, 1919: Grand Canyon National Park Act of 1919, Sess. 3, ch. 44, * February 26, 1919: Acadia National Park Act of 1919, Sess. 3, ch. 45, * March 2, 1919: War Risk Insurance Act of 1919 ( War Minerals Relief Act of 1919,

Dent Act Dent may refer to: People * Dent (surname) * Dent May, stage name of American musician James Dent May Jr. (born 1985) * Dent Mowrey (1888–1960), American composer, musician and music teacher * Dent Oliver (1918–1973), international speedwa ...

), Sess. 3, ch. 94, * March 2, 1919: River and Harbors Act of 1919, Sess. 3, ch. 95, * March 3, 1919: Hospitalization Act of 1919, Sess. 3, ch. 98, * March 3, 1919: Fifth Liberty Bond Act, Sess. 3, ch. 100, * March 4, 1919: Wheat Price Guarantee Act, Sess. 3, ch. 125,

Major resolutions

*April 3, 1918 American's Creed (House)

Constitutional amendments

*December 18, 1917: Approved an amendment to the

United States Constitution The Constitution of the United States is the Supremacy Clause, supreme law of the United States, United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, on March 4, 1789. Originally includi ...

declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol (though not the consumption or private possession) illegal, and submitted it to the state legislatures for

ratification Ratification is a principal's legal confirmation of an act of its agent. In international law, ratification is the process by which a state declares its consent to be bound to a treaty. In the case of bilateral treaties, ratification is usuall ...

** Amendment was later ratified on January 16, 1919, becoming the

Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Eighteenth Amendment (Amendment XVIII) to the United States Constitution established the prohibition of alcohol in the United States. The amendment was proposed by Congress on December 18, 1917, and ratified by the requisite number of sta ...

Party summary

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate leadership

Presiding

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title) President may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television *'' Præsident ...

Thomas R. Marshall Thomas Riley Marshall (March 14, 1854 – June 1, 1925) was the 28th vice president of the United States from 1913 to 1921 under President Woodrow Wilson. A prominent lawyer in Indiana, he became an active and well known member of the Dem ...

(D) * President pro tempore:

Willard Saulsbury Jr. Willard Saulsbury Jr. (April 17, 1861 – February 20, 1927) was an American lawyer and politician from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party who served as U.S. Senator from Delaware and Presid ...

(D) *

Majority Whip A whip is an official of a political party whose task is to ensure party discipline (that members of the party vote according to the party platform rather than their constituents, individual conscience or donors) in a legislature. Whips a ...

: J. Hamilton Lewis (D) *

Minority Whip A whip is an official of a political party whose task is to ensure party discipline (that members of the party vote according to the party platform rather than their constituents, individual conscience or donors) in a legislature. Whips ...

Charles Curtis Charles Curtis (January 25, 1860 – February 8, 1936) was the 31st vice president of the United States from 1929 to 1933 under President Herbert Hoover. He was the Senate Majority Leader from 1924 to 1929. An enrolled member of the Kaw Natio ...

(R) *

Republican Conference Chairman The Senate Republican Conference is the formal organization of the Republican senators in the United States Senate. Over the last century, the mission of the conference has expanded and been shaped as a means of informing the media of the opin ...

Jacob Harold Gallinger Jacob Harold Gallinger (March 28, 1837 – August 17, 1918) was an American politician who was United States senator from New Hampshire from 1891 to 1918 and President pro tempore of the Senate from 1912 to 1913. Early life and career Jacob Ha ...

(until August 17, 1918) **

Henry Cabot Lodge Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850November 9, 1924) was an American politician, historian, lawyer, and statesman from Massachusetts. A member of the History of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, he served in the United States ...

(from 1918) * Democratic Caucus Chairman : Thomas S. Martin *

Republican Conference Secretary Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...

James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. (August 12, 1877June 21, 1952) was an American politician, a Republican from New York. He was the son of New York State Comptroller James Wolcott Wadsworth, and the grandson of Union General James S. Wadsworth. ...

* Democratic Caucus Secretary: William H. King

House leadership

Presiding

Speaker Speaker most commonly refers to: * Speaker, a person who produces speech * Loudspeaker, a device that produces sound ** Computer speakers Speaker, Speakers, or The Speaker may also refer to: Arts and entertainment * "Speaker" (song), by David ...

Champ Clark James Beauchamp Clark (March 7, 1850March 2, 1921) was an American politician and attorney who served as the 36th speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1911 to 1919. He was the only Democrat to serve as speaker during the P ...

(D)

Majority (Democratic) leadership

* Majority Leader: Claude Kitchin *

: vacant * Democratic Caucus Chairman:

Edward W. Saunders Edward Watts Saunders (October 20, 1860 – December 16, 1921) was a Virginia lawyer, politician and judge, who served as Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates, U.S. Representative and justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia. Biography Sa ...

* Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman:

Scott Ferris Scott Ferris (November 3, 1877 – June 8, 1945) was a U.S. Representative from Oklahoma. Early life Ferris was born in Neosho, Missouri to Scott and Annie M. Ferris.

Minority (Republican) leadership

* Minority Leader: James R. Mann *

: Charles M. Hamilton *

William S. Greene William Stedman Greene (April 28, 1841 – September 22, 1924) was a United States representative from Massachusetts. Biography William S. Greene was born in Tremont, Illinois on April 28, 1841. He moved with his parents to Fall River, Massach ...

* Republican Campaign Committee Chairman:

Frank P. Woods Frank Plowman Woods (December 11, 1868 – April 25, 1944) was a five-term Republican U.S. Representative from Iowa's 10th congressional district, in north-central Iowa. He reached a House leadership position after only two terms. However, in ...

Members

:'' Skip to House of Representatives, below''

Senate

Because of the 17th Amendment, starting in 1914 U.S. senators were directly elected instead of by the state legislatures. However, this did not affect the terms of U.S. senators whose terms had started before that Amendment took effect, In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1918; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1920; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1922.

Alabama Alabama ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South, Deep Southern regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gu ...

: 2. John H. Bankhead (D) : 3.

Oscar Underwood Oscar Wilder Underwood (May 6, 1862 – January 25, 1929) was an United States of America, American lawyer and politician from Alabama, and also a candidate for President of the United States in 1912 and 1924. He was the first formally designa ...

(D)

Arizona Arizona is a U.S. state, state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region of the western United States with Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. It also borders Nevada to the nort ...

: 1. Henry F. Ashurst (D) : 3.

Marcus A. Smith Marcus Aurelius Smith (January 24, 1851 – April 7, 1924) was an American attorney and politician who served eight terms as Arizona Territorial Delegate to Congress and as one of the first two Senators from Arizona. As a Delegate, he was a ...

(D)

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the West South Central region of the Southern United States. It borders Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, and Oklahoma ...

: 2.

Joseph Taylor Robinson Joseph Taylor Robinson (August 26, 1872 – July 14, 1937) was an American politician who served as United States Senate, United States Senator from Arkansas from 1913 to 1937, serving for four years as Party leaders of the United States Senate, ...

(D) : 3. William F. Kirby (D)

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

: 1. Hiram W. Johnson (R) : 3.

James D. Phelan James Duval Phelan (April 20, 1861 – August 7, 1930) was an American politician, civic leader, and banker. He served as nonpartisan mayor of San Francisco from 1897 to 1902. As mayor he advocated municipally run utilities and tried to protect ...

(D)

Colorado Colorado is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States. It is one of the Mountain states, sharing the Four Corners region with Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. It is also bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas ...

: 2. John F. Shafroth (D) : 3. Charles S. Thomas (D)

Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...

: 1.

George P. McLean George Payne McLean (October 7, 1857 – June 6, 1932) was the 59th Governor of Connecticut, and a United States senator from Connecticut. Biography McLean was born in Simsbury, Connecticut, one of five children of Dudley B. McLean and Mary ( ...

(R) : 3.

Frank B. Brandegee Frank Bosworth Brandegee (July 8, 1864October 14, 1924) was a United States representative and senator from Connecticut. Early life and education Brandegee was born in New London, Connecticut, on July 8, 1864. He was the son of Augustus Brand ...

(R)

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic states, South Atlantic regions of the United States. It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey ...

: 1.

Josiah O. Wolcott Josiah Oliver Wolcott (October 31, 1877 – November 11, 1938) was an American lawyer, politician and judge, from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party, who served as Attorney General of Delaware, U.S. Senator ...

(D) : 2.

(D)

Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...

: 1.

Park Trammell Park Monroe Trammell (April 9, 1876 – May 8, 1936) was an American attorney and politician from the state of Florida. Trammell represented Florida in the United States Senate from 1917 until his death in 1936. As chair of the Senate Naval Aff ...

(D) : 3. Duncan U. Fletcher (D)

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

: 2. Thomas W. Hardwick (D) : 3.

Hoke Smith Michael Hoke Smith (September 2, 1855November 27, 1931) was an American attorney, politician, and newspaper owner who served as United States secretary of the interior (1893–1896), 58th governor of Georgia (1907–1909, 1911), and a United S ...

(D)

Idaho Idaho ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest and Mountain states, Mountain West subregions of the Western United States. It borders Montana and Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington (state), ...

: 2. William E. Borah (R) : 3. James H. Brady (R), until January 13, 1918 :: John F. Nugent (D), from January 22, 1918

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its ...

: 2.

James Hamilton Lewis James Hamilton Lewis (May 18, 1863 – April 9, 1939) was an American attorney and politician. Sometimes referred to as J. Ham Lewis or Ham Lewis, he represented Washington in the United States House of Representatives, and Illinois in the Unite ...

(D) : 3. Lawrence Y. Sherman (R)

Indiana Indiana ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north and northeast, Ohio to the east, the Ohio River and Kentucky to the s ...

: 1.

Harry S. New Harry Stewart New (December 31, 1858 – May 9, 1937) was a U.S. politician, journalist, and Spanish–American War veteran. He served as Chairman of the Republican National Committee, a United States senator from Indiana, and United States P ...

(R) : 3.

James E. Watson James Eli Watson (November 2, 1864July 29, 1948) was a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from Indiana. He was the Senate's second official majority leader. While an article published by the Senate (see References) gives his year of birth ...

(R)

Iowa Iowa ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the upper Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west; Wisconsin to the northeast, Ill ...

: 2. William S. Kenyon (R) : 3. Albert B. Cummins (R)

Kansas Kansas ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named a ...

: 2. William H. Thompson (D) : 3.

(R)

Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...

: 2. Ollie M. James (D), until August 28, 1918 ::

George B. Martin George Brown Martin (August 18, 1876November 12, 1945), a Democrat, served as a member of the United States Senate from Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeaster ...

(D), from September 7, 1918 : 3. John C. W. Beckham (D)

Louisiana Louisiana ( ; ; ) is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It borders Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, and Mississippi to the east. Of the 50 U.S. states, it ranks 31st in area and 25 ...

: 2. Joseph E. Ransdell (D) : 3.

Robert F. Broussard Robert Foligny Broussard (August 17, 1864 – April 12, 1918) was both a U.S. representative and a U.S. senator from Louisiana. He was born on the Mary Louise plantation near New Iberia, the seat of Iberia Parish, to Jean Dorville Broussard, ...

(D), until April 12, 1918 :: Walter Guion (D), April 22, 1918 – November 5, 1918 :: Edward J. Gay (D), from November 6, 1918

Maine Maine ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the United States, and the northeasternmost state in the Contiguous United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Provinces and ...

: 1. Frederick Hale (R) : 2.

Bert M. Fernald Bert Manfred Fernald (April 3, 1858August 23, 1926) was an American farmer, businessman, and Republican politician who became the 47th governor of Maine and a United States senator. He was chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Publ ...

(R)

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...

: 1.

Joseph I. France Joseph Irwin France (October 11, 1873January 26, 1939) was a Republican member of the United States Senate, representing the State of Maryland from 1917 to 1923. Early life France was born in Cameron, Missouri, the son of Hanna Fletcher (née ...

(R) : 3. John W. Smith (D)

Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...

: 1.

(R) : 2. John W. Weeks (R)

Michigan Michigan ( ) is a peninsular U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, Upper Midwestern United States. It shares water and land boundaries with Minnesota to the northwest, Wisconsin to the west, ...

: 1. Charles E. Townsend (R) : 2. William Alden Smith (R)

Minnesota Minnesota ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario to the north and east and by the U.S. states of Wisconsin to the east, Iowa to the so ...

: 1. Frank B. Kellogg (R) : 2.

Knute Nelson Knute Nelson (born Knud Evanger; February 2, 1843 – April 28, 1923) was a Norway, Norwegian-born United States, American attorney and politician active in Wisconsin and Minnesota. A Republican Party (United States), Republican, he served in sta ...

(R)

Mississippi Mississippi ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the s ...

: 1.

John Sharp Williams John Sharp Williams (July 30, 1854September 27, 1932) was a prominent American politician in the Democratic Party from the 1890s through the 1920s, and served as the Minority Leader of the United States House of Representatives from 1903 to 1908 ...

(D) : 2. James K. Vardaman (D)

Missouri Missouri (''see #Etymology and pronunciation, pronunciation'') is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking List of U.S. states and territories by area, 21st in land area, it border ...

: 1. James A. Reed (D) : 3. William J. Stone (D), until April 14, 1918 ::

Xenophon P. Wilfley Xenophon Pierce Wilfley (; March 18, 1871May 4, 1931) was a Democratic Party politician who represented the state of Missouri in the U.S. Senate for five months in 1918. Early life Wilfley was born near Mexico, Missouri, the son of James Frankli ...

(D), April 30, 1918 – November 5, 1918 :: Selden P. Spencer (R), from November 6, 1918

Montana Montana ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, an ...

: 1. Henry L. Myers (D) : 2. Thomas J. Walsh (D)

Nebraska Nebraska ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Ka ...

: 1. Gilbert M. Hitchcock (D) : 2.

George W. Norris George William Norris (July 11, 1861September 2, 1944) was an American politician from the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. He served five terms in the United States House of Representatives as a Republican, from 1903 until 191 ...

(R)

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a landlocked state in the Western United States. It borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the seventh-most extensive, th ...

: 1.

Key Pittman Key Denson Pittman (September 19, 1872 – November 10, 1940) was a United States senator from Nevada and a member of the Democratic Party, serving eventually as president pro tempore as well as chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee. ...

(D) : 3. Francis G. Newlands (D), until December 24, 1917 :: Charles B. Henderson (D), from January 12, 1918

New Hampshire New Hampshire ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

: 2. Henry F. Hollis (D) : 3. Jacob H. Gallinger (R), until August 17, 1918 :: Irving W. Drew (R), September 2, 1918 – November 5, 1918 :: George H. Moses (R), from November 6, 1918

New Jersey New Jersey is a U.S. state, state located in both the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the urban area, heavily urbanized Northeas ...

: 1. Joseph S. Frelinghuysen (R) : 2. William Hughes (D), until January 30, 1918 :: David Baird (R), from February 23, 1918

New Mexico New Mexico is a state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States. It is one of the Mountain States of the southern Rocky Mountains, sharing the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and Arizona. It also ...

: 1. Andrieus A. Jones (D) : 2.

Albert B. Fall Albert Bacon Fall (November 26, 1861November 30, 1944) was a United States senator from New Mexico and United States Secretary of the Interior, Secretary of the Interior under President of the United States, President Warren G. Harding who becam ...

(R)

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...

: 1. William M. Calder (R) : 3.

James W. Wadsworth Jr. James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. (August 12, 1877June 21, 1952) was an American politician, a Republican from New York. He was the son of New York State Comptroller James Wolcott Wadsworth, and the grandson of Union General James S. Wadsworth. ...

(R)

North Carolina North Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia (U.S. stat ...

: 2. Furnifold M. Simmons (D) : 3. Lee S. Overman (D)

North Dakota North Dakota ( ) is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, named after the indigenous Dakota people, Dakota and Sioux peoples. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north and by the U.S. states of Minneso ...

: 1. Porter J. McCumber (R) : 3.

Asle Gronna Asle Jorgenson Gronna (December 10, 1858May 4, 1922) was an American politician who served in the House of Representatives and Senate from North Dakota. He was one of six senators to vote against the United States declaration of war leading to the ...

(R)

Ohio Ohio ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the ...

: 1.

Atlee Pomerene Atlee Pomerene (December 6, 1863 – November 12, 1937) was an American Democratic Party politician and lawyer from Ohio. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Ohio for a few months in 1911 and then represented Ohio in the United States Senate from ...

(D) : 3.

Warren G. Harding Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 – August 2, 1923) was the 29th president of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death in 1923. A member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party, he was one of the most ...

(R)

Oklahoma Oklahoma ( ; Choctaw language, Choctaw: , ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Texas to the south and west, Kansas to the north, Missouri to the northea ...

: 2. Robert L. Owen (D) : 3. Thomas P. Gore (D)

Oregon Oregon ( , ) is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is a part of the Western U.S., with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while t ...

: 2.

Harry Lane Harry Lane (August 28, 1855 – May 23, 1917) was an American politician in the state of Oregon. A physician by training, Lane served as the head of the Oregon State Hospital, Oregon State Insane Asylum before being forced out by political enemie ...

(D), until May 23, 1917 ::

Charles L. McNary Charles Linza McNary (June 12, 1874February 25, 1944) was an American Republican politician from Oregon. He served in the U.S. Senate from 1917 to 1944 and was Senate Minority Leader from 1933 to 1944. In the Senate, McNary helped to pass leg ...

(R), May 29, 1917 – November 5, 1918 :: Frederick W. Mulkey (R), November 6, 1918 – December 17, 1918 ::

(R), from December 18, 1918 : 3. George E. Chamberlain (D)

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...

: 1.

Philander C. Knox Philander Chase Knox (May 6, 1853October 12, 1921) was an American lawyer, bank director, statesman and Republican Party politician. He represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate from 1904 to 1909 and 1917 to 1921. He was the 44th Unit ...

(R) : 3.

Boies Penrose Boies Penrose (November 1, 1860 – December 31, 1921) was an American politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, who served as a Republican member of the United States Senate for Pennsylvania from 1897 to 1921. He served as a member of th ...

(R)

Rhode Island Rhode Island ( ) is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Connecticut to its west; Massachusetts to its north and east; and the Atlantic Ocean to its south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Is ...

: 1.

Peter G. Gerry Peter Goelet Gerry (September 18, 1879 – October 31, 1957) was an American lawyer and politician who served in the United States House of Representatives and later, as a U.S. Senator from Rhode Island. He is the only U.S. Senator in American hi ...

(D) : 2. LeBaron B. Colt (R)

South Carolina South Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders North Carolina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and Georgia (U.S. state), Georg ...

: 2. Benjamin R. Tillman (D), until July 3, 1918 :: Christie Benet (D), July 6, 1918 – November 5, 1918 :: William P. Pollock (D), from November 6, 1918 : 3. Ellison D. Smith (D)

South Dakota South Dakota (; Sioux language, Sioux: , ) is a U.S. state, state in the West North Central states, North Central region of the United States. It is also part of the Great Plains. South Dakota is named after the Dakota people, Dakota Sioux ...

: 2.

Thomas Sterling Thomas Sterling (February 21, 1851August 26, 1930) was an American lawyer, politician, and academic who served as a member of the United States Senate and the first dean of the University of South Dakota College of Law. A Republican, he ser ...

(R) : 3.

Edwin S. Johnson Edwin Stockton Johnson (February 26, 1857July 19, 1933) was a United States senator from South Dakota. Biography Born in Owen County, Indiana near Spencer, Indiana, Spencer, he moved with his parents to Osceola, Iowa, in 1857 and attended the p ...

(D)

Tennessee Tennessee (, ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina t ...

: 1.

Kenneth D. McKellar Kenneth Douglas McKellar (January 29, 1869 – October 25, 1957) was an American politician from Tennessee who served as a United States Representative from 1911 until 1917 and as a United States Senator from 1917 until 1953. A Democrat, he ser ...

(D) : 2.

John K. Shields John Knight Shields (August 15, 1858September 30, 1934) was a Democratic United States Senator from Tennessee from 1913 to 1925. He also served as an associate justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court. Biography Shields was born at his family's es ...

(D)

Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...

: 1.

Charles A. Culberson Charles Allen Culberson (June 10, 1855 – March 19, 1925) was an American political figure and Democrat who served as the 21st governor of Texas from 1895 to 1899, and as a United States senator from Texas from 1899 to 1923. According to one ...

(D) : 2.

Morris Sheppard John Morris Sheppard (May 28, 1875April 9, 1941) was a Democratic United States Congressman and United States Senator from Texas. He authored the Eighteenth Amendment (Prohibition) and introduced it in the Senate, and is referred to as "the f ...

(D)

Utah Utah is a landlocked state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is one of the Four Corners states, sharing a border with Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. It also borders Wyoming to the northea ...

: 1. William H. King (D) : 3.

Reed Smoot Reed Smoot (January 10, 1862February 9, 1941) was an American politician, businessman, and apostle of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). A Republican who was first elected to the U.S. Senate by the Utah State Legislat ...

(R)

Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provinces and territories of Ca ...

: 1.

Carroll S. Page Carroll Smalley Page (January 10, 1843December 3, 1925) was an American businessman and politician. He served as the 43rd governor of Vermont and a United States senator. A native of Westfield, Vermont, Page was the son of a successful farmer ...

(R) : 3. William P. Dillingham (R)

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...

: 1. Claude A. Swanson (D) : 2. Thomas S. Martin (D)

Washington Washington most commonly refers to: * George Washington (1732–1799), the first president of the United States * Washington (state), a state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A ...

: 1.

Miles Poindexter Miles Poindexter (April 22, 1868September 21, 1946) was an American lawyer and politician. As a Republican Party (United States), Republican and briefly a Progressive Party 1912 (United States), Progressive, he served one term as a United States ...

(R) : 3. Wesley L. Jones (R)

West Virginia West Virginia is a mountainous U.S. state, state in the Southern United States, Southern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.The United States Census Bureau, Census Bureau and the Association of American ...

: 1.

Howard Sutherland Howard Sutherland (September 8, 1865March 12, 1950) was an American politician. He was a United States Republican Party, Republican who represented West Virginia in both houses of the United States Congress. Sutherland was born near Kirkwood, Mis ...

(R) : 2.

Nathan Goff Nathan Goff Jr. (February 9, 1843 – April 23, 1920) was a United States representative from West Virginia, a Union Army officer, the 28th United States Secretary of the Navy during the administration of President Rutherford B. Hayes, a United ...

(R)

Wisconsin Wisconsin ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest of the United States. It borders Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michig ...

: 1.

Robert M. La Follette Robert Marion La Follette Sr. (June 14, 1855June 18, 1925), nicknamed "Fighting Bob," was an American lawyer and politician. He represented Wisconsin in both chambers of Congress and served as the 20th governor of Wisconsin from 1901 to 1906. ...

(R) : 2. Paul O. Husting (D), until October 21, 1917 :: 2.

Irvine Lenroot Irvine Luther Lenroot (January 31, 1869 – January 26, 1949) was an American attorney, jurist, and Republican Party politician from Wisconsin. He served as Speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1903 to 1907 and represented the state in ...

(R), from April 8, 1918

Wyoming Wyoming ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States, Western United States. It borders Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho t ...

: 1. John B. Kendrick (D) : 2.

Francis E. Warren Francis Emroy Warren (June 20, 1844November 24, 1929) was an American politician of the Republican Party best known for his years in the United States Senate representing Wyoming and being the first Governor of Wyoming. A soldier in the Union ...

(R)

House of Representatives

Alabama Alabama ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South, Deep Southern regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gu ...

: .

Oscar Lee Gray Oscar Lee Gray (July 2, 1865 – January 2, 1936) was a U.S. Representative from Alabama. Born in Marion, Mississippi, Gray attended school in Choctaw County, Alabama. He studied law, graduated from the University of Alabama in 1885, and was ...

(D) : . S. Hubert Dent Jr. (D) : .

Henry B. Steagall Henry Bascom Steagall (May 19, 1873 – November 22, 1943) was a United States representative from Alabama. He was chairman of the Committee on Banking and Currency and in 1933, he co-sponsored the Glass–Steagall Act with Carter Glass, an ...

(D) : . Fred L. Blackmon (D) : . J. Thomas Heflin (D) : . William B. Oliver (D) : . John L. Burnett (D) : . Edward B. Almon (D) : .

George Huddleston George Huddleston (November 11, 1869 – February 29, 1960) was a U.S. Representative from Alabama, father of George Huddleston, Jr. Life and career Huddleston was born on a farm near Lebanon, Tennessee, the son of Nancy Emeline (Sherrill) ...

(D) : . William B. Bankhead (D)

Arizona Arizona is a U.S. state, state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region of the western United States with Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. It also borders Nevada to the nort ...

: .

Carl Hayden Carl Trumbull Hayden (October 2, 1877 – January 25, 1972) was an American politician. Representing Arizona in the United States Senate from 1927 to 1969, he was the first U.S. Senator to serve seven terms. Serving as the state's first Represe ...

(D)

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the West South Central region of the Southern United States. It borders Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, and Oklahoma ...

: . Thaddeus H. Caraway (D) : .

William A. Oldfield William Allan Oldfield (February 4, 1874 – November 19, 1928) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Arkansas from 1909 until his death. Early life Born in Franklin, Arkansas, Oldfield was the son of ...

(D) : . John N. Tillman (D) : . Otis Wingo (D) : . Henderson M. Jacoway (D) : . Samuel M. Taylor (D) : . William S. Goodwin (D)

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

: . Clarence F. Lea (D) : . John E. Raker (D) : .

Charles F. Curry Charles Forrest Curry (March 14, 1858 – October 10, 1930) was an American businessman and politician who served nine terms as a U.S. Representative from California from 1913 until his death in 1930. He was the father of Charles Forrest Cu ...

(R) : .

Julius Kahn Julius Kahn may refer to: *Julius Kahn (inventor) (1874–1942), engineer of reinforced concrete *Julius Kahn (congressman) (1861–1924), United States congressman {{Hndis, Kahn, Julius ...

(R) : .

John I. Nolan John Ignatius Nolan (January 14, 1874 – November 18, 1922) was an American Foundry#Mold making, iron molder and politician who represented California's 5th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives for five terms ...

(R) : . John A. Elston (Prog.) : .

Denver S. Church Denver Samuel Church (December 11, 1862 – February 21, 1952) was an American lawyer and politician who served three terms as a U.S. Representative from California from 1913 to 1919, then a fourth term from 1933 to 1935. Biography Born in Fol ...

(D) : . Everis A. Hayes (R) : . Charles H. Randall (Proh.) : .

Henry Z. Osborne Henry Zenas Osborne (October 4, 1848 – February 8, 1923) was an American newspaperman and Republican politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1917 to 1923. Biography He was born in New Lebanon, New York on ...

(R) : .

William Kettner William Kettner (November 20, 1864 – November 11, 1930) was an American Democratic politician from San Diego, California. He served four terms in Congress from 1913 through 1921 and is credited with bringing many U.S. Navy facilities to S ...

(D)

Colorado Colorado is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States. It is one of the Mountain states, sharing the Four Corners region with Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. It is also bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas ...

: . Benjamin Clark Hilliard (D) : .

Charles Bateman Timberlake Charles Bateman Timberlake (September 25, 1854 – May 31, 1941) was a U.S. Representative from Colorado. Born in Wilmington, Ohio, Timberlake attended the common schools and Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana from 1871 to 1874. He taught scho ...

(R) : . Edward Keating (D) : . Edward T. Taylor (D)

Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...

: . Augustine Lonergan (D) : . Richard P. Freeman (R) : . John Q. Tilson (R) : . Ebenezer J. Hill (R), until September 27, 1917 ::

Schuyler Merritt Schuyler Merritt (December 16, 1853 – April 1, 1953) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from Connecticut's 4th congressional district from 1917 to 1931 and 1933 to 1937. He is the namesake of the Merritt Par ...

(R), from November 6, 1917 : .

James P. Glynn James Peter Glynn (November 12, 1867 – March 6, 1930) was a U.S. Representative from Connecticut. Born in Winsted, Connecticut, the son of Irish immigrants, Glynn attended the public schools. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in ...

(R)

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic states, South Atlantic regions of the United States. It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey ...

: . Albert F. Polk (D)

Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...

: . Herbert J. Drane (D) : . Frank Clark (D) : . Walter Kehoe (D) : .

William J. Sears William Joseph Sears (December 4, 1874 – March 30, 1944) was a lawyer and U.S. Representative from Florida. A Democrat, he was an avowed white supremacist. Early life and education Born in Smithville, Georgia, Sears moved with his parent ...

(D)

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

: . James W. Overstreet (D) : . Frank Park (D) : .

Charles R. Crisp Charles Robert Crisp (October 19, 1870 – February 7, 1937) was an American politician. He served as in the United States House of Representatives from Georgia, and was the son of Charles Frederick Crisp. Life and career Charles Robert Cris ...

(D) : .

William C. Adamson William Charles Adamson (August 13, 1854 – January 3, 1929) was a United States representative from Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, an United States federal judge, Associate Justice of the United States Customs Court and a member of the Board of ...

(D), until December 18, 1917 :: William C. Wright (D), from January 16, 1918 : . William S. Howard (D) : . James W. Wise (D) : . Gordon Lee (D) : . Charles H. Brand (D) : .

Thomas Montgomery Bell Thomas Montgomery Bell (March 17, 1861 – March 18, 1941) was an American politician who served as House majority whip from 1913 to 1915. Bell was born in Nacoochee Valley, near Cleveland, Georgia. He graduated from Moore's Business Unive ...

(D) : .

Carl Vinson Carl Vinson (November 18, 1883 – June 1, 1981) was an American politician who served in the U.S. House of Representatives for over 50 years and was influential in the 20th century expansion of the U.S. Navy. He was a member of the Democrati ...

(D) : . John R. Walker (D) : . William W. Larsen (D)

Idaho Idaho ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest and Mountain states, Mountain West subregions of the Western United States. It borders Montana and Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington (state), ...

: . Addison T. Smith (R) : . Burton L. French (R)

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its ...

: .

Martin B. Madden Martin Barnaby Madden (March 21, 1855 – April 27, 1928) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Illinois. He belonged to the Republican Party (United States), Republican Party. As of 2023, he is the last non-A ...

(R) : . James R. Mann (R) : . William W. Wilson (R) : . Charles Martin (D), until October 28, 1917 ::

John W. Rainey John William Rainey (December 21, 1880 – May 4, 1923) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Illinois. Biography Born in Chicago, Illinois, Rainey attended the public schools of his native city, De La Sall ...

(D), from April 2, 1918 : . Adolph J. Sabath (D) : .

James McAndrews James McAndrews (October 22, 1862 – August 31, 1942) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born in Woonsocket, Rhode Island, McAndrews attended the common schools. He moved to Chicago, Illinois, and engaged in business, serving as buildi ...

(D) : . Niels Juul (R) : . Thomas Gallagher (D) : .

Frederick A. Britten Frederick Albert Britten (November 18, 1871 – May 4, 1946) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Early life Frederick Albert Britten was born on November 18, 1871, in Chicago, Illinois. Britten attended Heald's Business College, San Franc ...

(R) : . George E. Foss (R) : . Ira C. Copley (R) : .

Charles Eugene Fuller Charles Eugene Fuller (March 31, 1849 – June 25, 1926) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born near Belvidere, Illinois, Fuller attended the common schools. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1870 and commenced practice ...

(R) : . John C. McKenzie (R) : .

William J. Graham William Johnson Graham (February 7, 1872 – November 10, 1937) was a United States representative from Illinois and Presiding Judge of the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals. Education and career Born on February 7, 1872, in ...

(R) : . Edward John King (R) : . Clifford Ireland (R) : . John A. Sterling (R), until October 17, 1918 : .

Joseph G. Cannon Joseph Gurney Cannon (May 7, 1836 – November 12, 1926) was an American politician from Illinois and a leader of the Republican Party. Cannon represented parts of Illinois in the United States House of Representatives for twenty-three non ...

(R) : . William B. McKinley (R) : . Henry T. Rainey (D) : . Loren E. Wheeler (R) : . William A. Rodenberg (R) : . Martin D. Foster (D) : . Thomas S. Williams (R) : . Edward E. Denison (R) : . J. Medill McCormick (R) : . William E. Mason (R)

Indiana Indiana ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north and northeast, Ohio to the east, the Ohio River and Kentucky to the s ...

: . George K. Denton (D) : . Oscar E. Bland (R) : .

William E. Cox William Elijah Cox (September 6, 1861 – March 11, 1942) was an American lawyer and politician who served six terms as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1907 to 1919. Early life and career Born on a farm near Birdseye, Indiana, Cox att ...

(D) : . Lincoln Dixon (D) : .

Everett Sanders James Everett Sanders (March 8, 1882 – May 12, 1950) was an American political figure. He was Presidential secretary to President Calvin Coolidge and chairman of the Republican National Committee. He served four terms in the U.S House of Rep ...

(R) : .

Daniel Webster Comstock Daniel Webster Comstock (December 16, 1840 – May 19, 1917) was an American lawyer, jurist, and Civil War veteran who briefly served as a U.S. representative from Indiana in 1917. Biography Born in Germantown, Ohio, Comstock attended the co ...

(R), until May 19, 1917 :: Richard N. Elliott (R), from June 29, 1917 : .

Merrill Moores Merrill Moores (April 21, 1856 – October 21, 1929) was an American lawyer and politician who served five terms as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1915 to 1925. Biography Moores was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, and received his e ...

(R) : . Albert H. Vestal (R) : .

Fred S. Purnell Fred Sampson Purnell (October 25, 1882 – October 21, 1939) was an American lawyer and politician who served eight terms as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1917 to 1933. Biography Born on a farm near Veedersburg, Indiana, Purnell atte ...

(R) : . William R. Wood (R) : . Milton Kraus (R) : . Louis W. Fairfield (R) : .

Henry A. Barnhart Henry A. Barnhart (September 11, 1858 – March 26, 1934) was an American businessman and politician who served as a U.S. representative from Indiana from 1908 to 1919. Biography Born near Twelve Mile, Indiana, Barnhart attended the common sch ...

(D)

Iowa Iowa ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the upper Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west; Wisconsin to the northeast, Ill ...

: . Charles A. Kennedy (R) : . Harry E. Hull (R) : . Burton E. Sweet (R) : . Gilbert N. Haugen (R) : .

James W. Good James William Good (September 24, 1866 – November 18, 1929) was an American politician and lawyer from the state of Iowa, who served in the U.S. House of Representatives and the Cabinet of President Herbert Hoover as Secretary of War. He w ...

(R) : .

C. William Ramseyer Christian William Ramseyer (March 13, 1875 – November 1, 1943) was a nine-term Republican Party (United States), Republican United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Iowa's 6th congressional district. Biography He was ...

(R) : .

Cassius C. Dowell Cassius Clay Dowell (February 29, 1864 – February 4, 1940) was a Republican United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Iowa. He served from 1915 to 1935, and again from 1937 until his death in 1940, with the interregnum c ...

(R) : . Horace M. Towner (R) : . William R. Green (R) : .

(R) : .

George Cromwell Scott George Cromwell Scott (August 8, 1864 – October 6, 1948) was a United States representative from Iowa's 11th congressional district for just over four years, and was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the No ...

(R)

Kansas Kansas ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named a ...

: .

Daniel Read Anthony Jr. Daniel Read Anthony Jr. (August 22, 1870 – August 4, 1931) was an American Republican Party (United States), Republican politician and a nephew of suffragist and political leader Susan B. Anthony. He was the son of newspaper publisher Dan ...

(R) : . Edward C. Little (R) : . Philip P. Campbell (R) : . Dudley Doolittle (D) : . Guy T. Helvering (D) : . John R. Connelly (D) : .

Jouett Shouse Jouett Shouse (December 10, 1879 – June 2, 1968) was an American lawyer, newspaper publisher, and leading Democratic politician. A conservative, he was best known for opposing the New Deal in the 1930s. Born in Midway, Kentucky, his family m ...

(D) : . William A. Ayres (D)

Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...

: .

Alben Barkley Alben William Barkley (; November 24, 1877 – April 30, 1956) was the 35th vice president of the United States serving from 1949 to 1953 under President Harry S. Truman. In 1905, he was elected to local offices and in 1912 as a U.S. rep ...

(D) : . David Hayes Kincheloe (D) : .

Robert Y. Thomas Jr. Robert Young Thomas Jr. (July 13, 1855 – September 3, 1925) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky. Born near Russellville, Kentucky, Thomas attended the common schools, and was graduated from Bethel College, Russellville, Kentucky, in 187 ...

(D) : . Ben Johnson (D) : .

J. Swagar Sherley Joseph Swagar Sherley (November 28, 1871 – February 13, 1941) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Kentucky. Biography Born in Louisville, Kentucky, Sherley attended public schools, graduating from the Louisv ...

(D) : . Arthur B. Rouse (D) : . J. Campbell Cantrill (D) : . Harvey Helm (D), until March 3, 1919 : . William Jason Fields (D) : . John W. Langley (R) : . Caleb Powers (R)

Louisiana Louisiana ( ; ; ) is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It borders Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, and Mississippi to the east. Of the 50 U.S. states, it ranks 31st in area and 25 ...

: .

Albert Estopinal Albert Estopinal (January 30, 1845 – April 28, 1919) was an American Civil War veteran who served seven terms as a U.S. Representative from Louisiana from 1908 to 1919. Biography Albert Estopinal was born in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana, o ...

(D) : .

Henry Garland Dupré Henry may refer to: People and fictional characters * Henry (given name), including lists of people and fictional characters * Henry (surname) * Henry, a stage name of François-Louis Henry (1786–1855), French baritone Arts and entertainment ...

(D) : . Whitmell P. Martin (Prog.) : . John Thomas Watkins (D) : . Riley Joseph Wilson (D) : . Jared Y. Sanders Sr. (D) : .

Ladislas Lazaro Ladislas Lazaro (June 5, 1872 – March 30, 1927) was an American politician who served as a Democratic U.S. Representative from from 1913 to 1927. Biography Born near Ville Platte, Evangeline (then part of St. Landry) Parish, Louisiana, Laz ...

(D) : .

James Benjamin Aswell James Benjamin Aswell Sr. (December 23, 1869 – March 16, 1931) was a prominent educator and a Democratic U.S. representative from Louisiana, who served from 1913 until his death, which occurred twelve days into his tenth term. Life and care ...

(D)

Maine Maine ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the United States, and the northeasternmost state in the Contiguous United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Provinces and ...

: . Louis B. Goodall (R) : . Wallace H. White Jr. (R) : . John A. Peters (R) : . Ira G. Hersey (R)

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...

: . Jesse D. Price (D) : .

J. Frederick C. Talbott Joshua Frederick Cockey Talbott (July 29, 1843 – October 5, 1918) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Congressman who represented the United States House of Representatives, Maryland District 2, second Congressional district of ...

(D), until October 5, 1918 ::

Carville Benson Carville Dickinson Benson (August 24, 1872 – February 8, 1929) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Congressman who represented the United States House of Representatives, Maryland District 2, second Congressional district of Mary ...

(D), from November 5, 1918 : . Charles P. Coady (D) : . J. Charles Linthicum (D) : .

Sydney Emanuel Mudd II Sydney Emanuel Mudd II (June 20, 1885 – October 11, 1924) was an American attorney and politician from Maryland's 5th congressional district, elected to several terms as a U.S. Representative in Congress, dying in office. He was a Republica ...

(R) : . Frederick N. Zihlman (R)

Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...

: . Allen T. Treadway (R) : . Frederick H. Gillett (R) : . Calvin D. Paige (R) : . Samuel E. Winslow (R) : . John J. Rogers (R) : .

Augustus P. Gardner Augustus Peabody Gardner (November 5, 1865 – January 14, 1918) was an American military officer and Republican Party politician from Massachusetts. He represented the North Shore region in the Massachusetts Senate and United States House of R ...

(R), until May 15, 1917 :: Willfred W. Lufkin (R), from November 6, 1917 : . Michael F. Phelan (D) : . Frederick W. Dallinger (R) : . Alvan T. Fuller (R) : .

Peter F. Tague Peter Francis Tague (June 4, 1871 – September 17, 1941) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Boston, Massachusetts. Early years Tague was a son of Peter and Mary (Shaw) Tague, immigrants from Ireland. His father was ...

(D) : . George H. Tinkham (R) : .

James A. Gallivan James Ambrose Gallivan (October 22, 1866 – April 3, 1928) was a United States representative from Massachusetts. Biography Gallivan was born in Boston, Massachusetts, Boston on October 22, 1866. He attended the public schools, graduated from ...

(D) : . William H. Carter (R) : . Richard Olney II (D) : .

(R) : . Joseph Walsh (R)

Michigan Michigan ( ) is a peninsular U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, Upper Midwestern United States. It shares water and land boundaries with Minnesota to the northwest, Wisconsin to the west, ...

: .

Frank E. Doremus Frank Ellsworth Doremus (August 31, 1865 – September 4, 1947) was an American politician who was the 49th Mayor of Detroit and a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Michigan. Early life Doremus was born in Venango County, Pennsyl ...

(D) : .

Mark R. Bacon Mark Reeves Bacon (February 29, 1852 – August 20, 1941) was a lawyer and politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. Bacon was born in Phillipstown, Illinois, and attended the public schools there. He taught school at the Academy in Bol ...

(R), until December 13, 1917 ::

Samuel Beakes Samuel Willard Beakes (January 11, 1861 – February 9, 1927) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. Life and career Beakes was born in Sullivan County, New York to parents Elizabeth Bull and George M. Beakes. He attended Wallkill Aca ...

(D), from December 13, 1917 : . John M. C. Smith (R) : . Edward L. Hamilton (R) : . Carl Mapes (R) : .

Patrick H. Kelley Patrick Henry Kelley (October 7, 1867 – September 11, 1925) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. He served as U.S. Representative from Michigan's 6th congressional district from 1915 to 1923. Biography Kelley was born in Silve ...

(R) : .

Louis C. Cramton Louis Convers Cramton (December 2, 1875 – June 23, 1966) was a politician and jurist from the U.S. state of Michigan. Cramton was born in Hadley Township, Michigan and attended the common schools of Lapeer County. He graduated from Lapeer ...

(R) : . Joseph W. Fordney (R) : . James C. McLaughlin (R) : .

Gilbert A. Currie Gilbert Archibald Currie (September 19, 1882 – June 5, 1960) was a lawyer and politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. He served in the Michigan House of Representatives including as Speaker and served in the United States House of Representa ...

(R) : .

Frank D. Scott Frank Douglas Scott (August 25, 1878 – February 12, 1951) was a politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. Scott was born of Scottish ancestry in Alpena, Michigan, attended the public schools and graduated from the law department of the Univ ...

(R) : . W. Frank James (R) : . Charles Archibald Nichols (R)

Minnesota Minnesota ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario to the north and east and by the U.S. states of Wisconsin to the east, Iowa to the so ...

: . Sydney Anderson (R) : .

Franklin Ellsworth Franklin Fowler Ellsworth (July 10, 1879 – December 23, 1942) was a Representative from Minnesota; born in St. James, Watonwan County, Minnesota, July 10, 1879; attended the grade and high schools; enlisted as a private in Company H, Twelfth R ...

(R) : . Charles Russell Davis (R) : .

Carl Van Dyke Carl Chester Van Dyke (February 18, 1881 – May 20, 1919) was an American soldier, lawyer and politician from Minnesota. Early life and career Van Dyke was born in Alexandria and attended the local public schools there. He taught primary ...

(D) : .

Ernest Lundeen Ernest Lundeen (August 4, 1878August 31, 1940) was an American lawyer and politician who represented Minnesota in the United States House of Representatives from 1917 to 1919 and 1933 to 1937, and in the United States Senate from 1937 until his ...

(R) : .

Harold Knutson Harold Knutson (October 20, 1880 – August 21, 1953) was an American politician and journalist who represented Minnesota in the United States House of Representatives from 1917 to 1949 as a member of the Republican Party. From 1919 to 1923 ...

(R) : .

Andrew Volstead Andrew John Volstead () (October 31, 1859 – January 20, 1947) was an American member of the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota, 1903–1923, and a member of the Republican Party. His name is closely associated with the ...

(R) : .

Clarence B. Miller Clarence Benjamin Miller (March 13, 1872 – January 10, 1922) was a U.S. Representative from Minnesota. He was born in Pine Island, Minnesota and attended the country school, high school, and the Minneapolis Academy; was graduated from the ac ...

(R) : .

Halvor Steenerson Halvor Steenerson (June 30, 1852 – November 22, 1926) was an American Republican politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota's 9th congressional district from 1903 to 1923. Background Ha ...

(R) : . Thomas D. Schall (R)

Mississippi Mississippi ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the s ...

: .

Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. Ezekiel Samuel Candler Jr. (January 18, 1862 – December 18, 1944) was an American politician and lawyer who served in the United States House of Representatives, representing the 1st congressional district of Mississippi for two decades as a De ...

(D) : . Hubert D. Stephens (D) : . Benjamin G. Humphreys II (D) : . Thomas U. Sisson (D) : . William Webb Venable (D) : .

Pat Harrison Byron Patton "Pat" Harrison (August 29, 1881June 22, 1941) was a Mississippi politician who served as a Democrat in the United States House of Representatives from 1911 to 1919 and in the United States Senate from 1919 until his death. Early l ...

(D) : . Percy E. Quin (D) : . James W. Collier (D)

Missouri Missouri (''see #Etymology and pronunciation, pronunciation'') is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking List of U.S. states and territories by area, 21st in land area, it border ...

: . Milton A. Romjue (D) : . William W. Rucker (D) : . Joshua Willis Alexander (D) : .

Charles F. Booher Charles Ferris Booher (January 31, 1848 – January 21, 1921) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Missouri. Born on a farm near East Groveland, New York, Booher attended the common schools and the Geneseo Academ ...

(D) : .

William Patterson Borland William Patterson Borland (October 14, 1867 – February 20, 1919) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri. Early life William Patterson Borland was born on October 14, 1867, in Leavenworth, Kansas. Borland attended public school. He graduated ...

(D), until February 20, 1919 : . Clement C. Dickinson (D) : .

Courtney W. Hamlin Courtney Walker Hamlin (October 27, 1858 – February 16, 1950) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. representative from Missouri and cousin of William Edward Barton. Early life Hamlin was born in Brevard, North Carolina. In 1869 mo ...

(D) : . Dorsey W. Shackleford (D) : . James Beauchamp Clark (D) : .

Jacob Edwin Meeker Jacob Edwin Meeker (October 7, 1878 – October 16, 1918) was a U.S. Representative from Missouri. Background Born near Attica, Indiana, Meeker attended the public schools. He graduated from Union Christian College, Merom, Indiana, in 1900, and ...

(R), until October 16, 1918 :: Frederick Essen (R), from November 5, 1918 : . William Leo Igoe (D) : . Leonidas C. Dyer (R) : . Walter Lewis Hensley (D) : . Joseph J. Russell (D) : . Perl D. Decker (D) : . Thomas L. Rubey (D)

Montana Montana ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, an ...

: . John M. Evans (D) : .

(R)

Nebraska Nebraska ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Ka ...

: . C. Frank Reavis (R) : . Charles O. Lobeck (D) : . Dan V. Stephens (D) : . Charles Henry Sloan (R) : .

Ashton C. Shallenberger Ashton Cokayne Shallenberger (December 23, 1862 – February 22, 1938) was an American Democratic Party (United States), Democratic politician and the List of governors of Nebraska, 15th Governor of Nebraska from 1909 to 1911. Early life and ed ...

(D) : . Moses P. Kinkaid (R)

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a landlocked state in the Western United States. It borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the seventh-most extensive, th ...

: . Edwin E. Roberts (R)

New Hampshire New Hampshire ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

: .

Cyrus A. Sulloway Cyrus Adams Sulloway (June 8, 1839, Grafton, New Hampshire – March 11, 1917) was an attorney and Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from New Hampshire. Biography Sulloway studied law and was admitted to the bar ...

(R), until March 11, 1917 ::

Sherman Everett Burroughs Sherman Everett Burroughs (February 6, 1870 – January 27, 1923) was an American politician and a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from New Hampshire. Early life Burroughs was born on February 6, 1870 in Dunbarton, ...

(R), from May 29, 1917 : . Edward Hills Wason (R)

New Jersey New Jersey is a U.S. state, state located in both the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the urban area, heavily urbanized Northeas ...

: . William J. Browning (R) : .

Isaac Bacharach Isaac Bacharach (January 5, 1870 – September 5, 1956) was an American Republican Party politician from New Jersey who represented the 2nd congressional district from 1915 to 1937. Early life and education Born into a Jewish family in Ph ...

(R) : .

Thomas J. Scully Thomas Joseph Scully (September 19, 1868 – December 14, 1921) was an American Democratic Party politician who represented New Jersey's 3rd congressional district for five terms from 1911 to 1921. Biography Scully was born in South Amboy, N ...

(D) : . Elijah C. Hutchinson (R) : . John H. Capstick (R), until March 17, 1918 :: William F. Birch (R), from November 5, 1918 : . John R. Ramsey (R) : . Dow H. Drukker (R) : . Edward W. Gray (R) : . Richard Wayne Parker (R) : . Frederick R. Lehlbach (R) : . John J. Eagan (D) : .

James A. Hamill James Alphonsus Hamill (March 30, 1877 – December 15, 1941) was an American attorney and Democratic Party politician. He served as the U.S. representative from New Jersey's 10th congressional district from 1907 to 1913 and 12th distri ...

(D)

New Mexico New Mexico is a state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States. It is one of the Mountain States of the southern Rocky Mountains, sharing the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and Arizona. It also ...

: . William Bell Walton (D)

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...

: .

Frederick C. Hicks Frederick Charles Hicks (originally Frederick Hicks Cocks; March 6, 1872 - December 14, 1925) was an American banker and politician who served as a United States representative from New York from 1916 to 1923. Biography He was born in Westbury ...

(R) : . C. Pope Caldwell (D) : . Joseph V. Flynn (D) : . Harry H. Dale (D), until January 6, 1919 : .

James P. Maher James Paul Maher (November 3, 1865 – July 31, 1946) was an American labor union official, businessman, and politician. A Democrat, he is most notable for his service as a U.S. Representative from New York, a position he held for five term ...

(D) : . Frederick W. Rowe (R) : . John J. Fitzgerald (D), until December 31, 1917 :: John J. Delaney (D), from March 5, 1918 : . Daniel J. Griffin (D), until December 31, 1917 ::

William E. Cleary William Edward Cleary (July 20, 1849 – December 20, 1932) was an American businessman and politician who served four terms as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1918 to 1921, and from 1923 to 1927. Biography Born in Ellenville, New ...

(D), from March 5, 1918 : . Oscar W. Swift (R) : . Reuben L. Haskell (R) : . Daniel J. Riordan (D) : .

(Soc.) : . Christopher D. Sullivan (D) : .

Fiorello H. LaGuardia Fiorello Henry La Guardia (born Fiorello Raffaele Enrico La Guardia; December 11, 1882September 20, 1947) was an American attorney and politician who represented New York in the U.S. House of Representatives and served as the 99th mayor of New Yo ...

(R) : .

Thomas Francis Smith Thomas Francis Smith (July 24, 1865 – April 11, 1923) was a lawyer, newspaperman, and politician from New York. From 1917 to 1921, he served two terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. Biography Smith was born in New York City on July 24, ...

(D), from April 12, 1917 : . Peter J. Dooling (D) : .

John F. Carew John Francis Carew (April 16, 1873 – April 10, 1951) was an American lawyer and politician who served eight terms as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1913 to 1929. He was a nephew of Thomas Francis Magner. Biography Born in Williams ...

(D) : . George B. Francis (R) : . Walter M. Chandler (R) : . Isaac Siegel (R) : .

G. Murray Hulbert George Murray Hulbert (May 14, 1881 – April 26, 1950) was an American lawyer, jurist, and politician who was a United States representative from New York and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern Di ...

(D), until January 1, 1918 :: Jerome F. Donovan (D), from March 5, 1918 : .

Henry Bruckner Henry Bruckner (June 17, 1871 – April 14, 1942) was an American politician from New York (state), New York who served three terms in the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives from 1913 to 1917. Life Born in New ...

(D), until December 31, 1917 :: Anthony J. Griffin (D), from March 5, 1918 : . Daniel C. Oliver (D) : . Benjamin L. Fairchild (R) : . James W. Husted (R) : . Edmund Platt (R) : . Charles B. Ward (R) : . Rollin B. Sanford (R) : . James S. Parker (R) : . George R. Lunn (D) : . Bertrand H. Snell (R) : . Luther W. Mott (R) : .

Homer P. Snyder Homer Peter Snyder (December 6, 1863 – December 30, 1937) (aka H.P. Snyder) was an American politician and businessman from New York. Snyder began his business career in the knitting industry, and moved to bicycle manufacturing. He left the comp ...

(R) : .

George W. Fairchild George Winthrop Fairchild (May 6, 1854 – December 31, 1924), was a six-term Republican United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from New York (state), New York. Prior to joining congress, he was a businessman and investor, be ...

(R) : . Walter W. Magee (R) : . Norman J. Gould (R) : . Harry H. Pratt (R) : . Thomas B. Dunn (R) : .

Archie D. Sanders Archie Dovell Sanders (June 17, 1857 – July 15, 1941) was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from New York. Life Sanders was born in Stafford, New York in 1857. He was a member of the New York State Assembly ...

(R) : . S. Wallace Dempsey (R) : . Charles B. Smith (D) : . William F. Waldow (R) : . Charles M. Hamilton (R)

North Carolina North Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia (U.S. stat ...

: . John Humphrey Small (D) : . Claude Kitchin (D) : .

George E. Hood George Ezekial Hood (January 25, 1875 – March 8, 1960) was a politician and former United States Representative from the U.S. state of North Carolina. Biography Hood was born near Goldsboro, Wayne County, North Carolina. He attended publ ...

(D) : .

Edward W. Pou Edward William Pou (; September 9, 1863 – April 1, 1934) was an American politician, serving in the United States Congress as a representative from 1901 until his death in Washington, D.C., on April 1, 1934. From March 1933 to April 1934, he wa ...

(D) : . Charles M. Stedman (D) : . Hannibal L. Godwin (D) : . Leonidas D. Robinson (D) : . Robert L. Doughton (D) : . Edwin Y. Webb (D) : . Zebulon Weaver (D), until March 1, 1919 ::

James Jefferson Britt James Jefferson Britt (March 4, 1861 – December 26, 1939) was an American educator and politician who served one term as a United States representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1915 to 1917. Biography James Jefferson Britt was bo ...

(R), from March 1, 1919

North Dakota North Dakota ( ) is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, named after the indigenous Dakota people, Dakota and Sioux peoples. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north and by the U.S. states of Minneso ...

: .

Henry Thomas Helgesen Henry Thomas Helgesen (June 26, 1857 – April 10, 1917) was a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from North Dakota. Born near Decorah, Iowa, Helgesen attended the public schools, the John Breckenridge Normal Institute, ...

(R), until April 10, 1917 ::

John Miller Baer John Miller Baer (March 29, 1886 – February 18, 1970) was a U.S. Representative from North Dakota. Early years and education Born at Black Creek, Wisconsin, Baer was the son of Capt. John M. Baer and Libbie Riley Baer. His ancestors on the m ...

(R), from July 20, 1917 : . George M. Young (R) : . Patrick Daniel Norton (R)

Ohio Ohio ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the ...

: .

Nicholas Longworth Nicholas Longworth III (November 5, 1869 – April 9, 1931) was an American lawyer and politician who became Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. A Republican, he was elected to the Ohio Senate, where he initiated the success ...

(R) : . Victor Heintz (R) : .

Warren Gard Warren Gard (July 2, 1873 – November 1, 1929) was an attorney, prosecutor, jurist and member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio for four terms from 1913 to 1921. Early life and career Warren Gard was born in Hamilton, O ...

(D) : . Benjamin F. Welty (D) : . John S. Snook (D) : . Charles C. Kearns (R) : . Simeon D. Fess (R) : . John A. Key (D) : . Isaac R. Sherwood (D) : . Robert M. Switzer (R) : .

Horatio C. Claypool Horatio Clifford Claypool (February 9, 1859 – January 19, 1921) was a three term United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Ohio. He was the father of Harold Kile Claypool and cousin of John Barney Peterson. Biography Born ...

(D) : . Clement L. Brumbaugh (D) : . Arthur W. Overmyer (D) : .

Ellsworth R. Bathrick Ellsworth Raymond Bathrick (January 6, 1863 – December 23, 1917) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Ohio. Biography Born January 6, 1863, near Pontiac, Michigan, to Sumner Bathrick and Louisa Bathrick, he marr ...

(D), until December 23, 1917 ::

Martin L. Davey Martin Luther Davey (July 25, 1884March 31, 1946) was an American U.S. Democratic Party, Democratic politician from Ohio. After serving in the US House of Representatives , U.S. House of Representatives, he served as the 53rd governor of Ohio. ...

(D), from November 5, 1918 : . George White (D) : . Roscoe C. McCulloch (R) : . William A. Ashbrook (D) : . David Hollingsworth (R) : . John G. Cooper (R) : . William Gordon (D) : .

Robert Crosser Robert Crosser (June 7, 1874 – June 3, 1957) was an American lawyer and politician who served 19 terms as a United States House of Representatives, U.S. Representative from Ohio. He remains the longest-serving member of the United States Hous ...

(D) : . Henry I. Emerson (R)

Oklahoma Oklahoma ( ; Choctaw language, Choctaw: , ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Texas to the south and west, Kansas to the north, Missouri to the northea ...

: .

Thomas Alberter Chandler Thomas Alberter Chandler (July 26, 1871 – June 22, 1953) was an American politician and a U.S. Representative from Oklahoma. Biography Born near Eucha, Delaware County, Indian Territory (now Oklahoma), Chandler was the son of Burges G. and A ...

(R) : . William W. Hastings (D) : .

Charles D. Carter Charles David Carter (August 16, 1868 – April 9, 1929) was an American politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from Oklahoma's 4th congressional district, Oklahoma's 4th and Oklahoma's 3rd congressional district, 3 ...

(D) : . Tom D. McKeown (D) : . Joseph Bryan Thompson (D) : .

Scott Ferris Scott Ferris (November 3, 1877 – June 8, 1945) was a U.S. Representative from Oklahoma. Early life Ferris was born in Neosho, Missouri to Scott and Annie M. Ferris.

(D) : . James V. McClintic (D) : .

Dick Thompson Morgan Dick Thompson Morgan (December 6, 1853 – July 4, 1920) was an American educator, lawyer and politician who served six terms as a U.S. Representative from Oklahoma from 1909 to 1920. Early life and education Born at Prairie Creek, Indiana, ...

(R)

Oregon Oregon ( , ) is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is a part of the Western U.S., with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while t ...

: . Willis C. Hawley (R) : . Nicholas J. Sinnott (R) : . Clifton N. McArthur (R)

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...

: . William S. Vare (R) : .

George S. Graham George Scott Graham (September 13, 1850 – July 4, 1931) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Graham was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He graduated from the law department of the University of Pe ...

(R) : . J. Hampton Moore (R) : .

George W. Edmonds George Washington Edmonds (February 22, 1864 – September 28, 1939) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Biography George W. Edmonds was born in Pottsville, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. He gradu ...

(R) : . Peter E. Costello (R) : .

George P. Darrow George Potter Darrow (February 4, 1859 – June 7, 1943) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. George Darrow was born in Waterford, Connecticut. He graduated from Alfred University in Alfred, New Y ...

(R) : . Thomas S. Butler (R) : .

Henry Winfield Watson Henry Winfield Watson (June 24, 1856 – August 27, 1933) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, representing the 8th congressional district. Early life Henry Winfield Watson was born on June 24, 1856, ...

(R) : . William W. Griest (R) : .

John R. Farr John Richard Farr (July 18, 1857 – December 11, 1933) was a Republican Party (United States), Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Biography John R. Farr was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and attend ...

(R) : . Thomas W. Templeton (R) : . Robert D. Heaton (R) : . Arthur G. Dewalt (D) : . Louis T. McFadden (R) : . Edgar R. Kiess (R) : . John V. Lesher (D) : . Benjamin K. Focht (R) : . Aaron S. Kreider (R) : .

John M. Rose John Marshall Rose (May 18, 1856 – April 22, 1923) was a Republican Party (United States), Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Biography John Marshall Rose was born in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, a son of We ...

(R) : .

Andrew R. Brodbeck Andrew R. Brodbeck (April 11, 1860 – February 27, 1937) was an American businessman and Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, serving two non-consecutive terms from 1913 to 1915 and again from 1917 to 1919. ...

(D) : . Charles H. Rowland (R) : . Edward E. Robbins (R), until January 25, 1919 : . Bruce F. Sterling (D) : . Henry W. Temple (R) : . Henry A. Clark (R) : . Henry J. Steele (D) : .

Nathan L. Strong Nathan Leroy Strong (November 12, 1859 – December 14, 1939) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Biography Born in Troy (now Summerville), Jefferson County, Pennsylvania on November 12, 1859, Natha ...

(R) : . Orrin D. Bleakley (R), until April 3, 1917 :: Earl Hanley Beshlin (D), from November 6, 1917 : . Stephen G. Porter (R) : .

M. Clyde Kelly Melville Clyde Kelly (August 4, 1883 – April 29, 1935) was an American politician and publisher who served as a Republican Party (United States), Republican Party member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Biography M. Clyde ...

(Prog.) : . John M. Morin (R) : .

Guy E. Campbell Guy Edgar Campbell (October 9, 1871 – February 17, 1940) was a Democratic Party (United States), Democratic and Republican Party (United States), Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Early life and educatio ...

(D) : . Thomas S. Crago (R) : .

John R. K. Scott John Roger Kirkpatrick Scott (July 6, 1873 – December 9, 1945) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. John Roger Kirkpatrick Scott, father of Hardie Scott, was born in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, and m ...

(R), until January 5, 1919 : . Joseph McLaughlin (R) : . Mahlon M. Garland (R)

Rhode Island Rhode Island ( ) is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Connecticut to its west; Massachusetts to its north and east; and the Atlantic Ocean to its south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Is ...

: . George Francis O'Shaunessy (D) : .

Walter Russell Stiness Walter Russell Stiness (March 13, 1854 – March 17, 1924) was a U.S. Representative from Rhode Island. Born in Smithfield, Rhode Island, Stiness attended the public schools and was a student at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, in 18 ...

(R) : .

Ambrose Kennedy Ambrose Patrick Kennedy (December 1, 1875 – March 10, 1967) was a U.S. Representative from Rhode Island. Early life Kennedy was born in Blackstone, Massachusetts on December 1, 1875, the son of Patrick Kennedy and Mary ( McCormick) Kennedy. He ...

(R)

South Carolina South Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders North Carolina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and Georgia (U.S. state), Georg ...

: . Richard S. Whaley (D) : .

James F. Byrnes James Francis Byrnes ( ; May 2, 1882 – April 9, 1972) was an American judge and politician from South Carolina. A member of the Democratic Party, he served in the U.S. Congress and on the U.S. Supreme Court, as well as in the executive branch ...

(D) : . Fred H. Dominick (D) : . Samuel J. Nicholls (D) : . William F. Stevenson (D) : . J. Willard Ragsdale (D) : . Asbury F. Lever (D)

South Dakota South Dakota (; Sioux language, Sioux: , ) is a U.S. state, state in the West North Central states, North Central region of the United States. It is also part of the Great Plains. South Dakota is named after the Dakota people, Dakota Sioux ...

: . Charles H. Dillon (R) : .

Royal C. Johnson Royal Cleaves Johnson (October 3, 1882 – August 2, 1939) was a U.S. Representative from South Dakota and a highly decorated veteran of World War I while he was still a member of Congress. Despite voting against United States declaration of war ...

(R) : . Harry L. Gandy (D)

Tennessee Tennessee (, ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina t ...

: . Sam R. Sells (R) : .

Richard W. Austin Richard Wilson Austin (August 26, 1857 – April 20, 1919) was an American politician, attorney and diplomat. A Republican, he served in the United States House of Representatives from 1909 to 1919, representing Tennessee's 2nd district. ...

(R) : . John A. Moon (D) : .

Cordell Hull Cordell Hull (October 2, 1871July 23, 1955) was an American politician from Tennessee and the longest-serving U.S. Secretary of State, holding the position for 11 years (1933–1944) in the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevel ...

(D) : . William C. Houston (D) : . Joseph W. Byrns (D) : .

Lemuel P. Padgett Lemuel Phillips Padgett (November 28, 1855 – August 2, 1922) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 7th congressional district of Tennessee. Biography Born in Columbia, Tennessee, in ...

(D) : .

Thetus W. Sims Thetus Willrette Sims (April 25, 1852 – December 17, 1939) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the Tennessee's 8th congressional district, 8th congressional district of Tennessee. Biogra ...

(D) : . Finis J. Garrett (D) : . Hubert Fisher (D)

Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...

: . Eugene Black (D) : . Martin Dies (D) : . James Young (D) : .

Sam Rayburn Samuel Taliaferro Rayburn (January 6, 1882 – November 16, 1961) was an American politician who served as the 43rd speaker of the United States House of Representatives. He was a three-time House speaker, former House majority leader, two-time ...

(D) : . Hatton W. Sumners (D) : . Rufus Hardy (D) : . Alexander W. Gregg (D) : . Joe H. Eagle (D) : . Joseph J. Mansfield (D) : . James P. Buchanan (D) : . Tom T. Connally (D) : .

James Clifton Wilson James Clifton Wilson (June 21, 1874 – August 3, 1951) was a United States representative from Texas and was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas. Education and career Wilson was ...

(D), until March 3, 1919 : .

John Marvin Jones John Marvin Jones (February 26, 1882 – March 4, 1976) was a United States representative from Texas and a Judge of the United States Court of Claims. Education and career Born on February 26, 1882, in Valley View, Cooke County, Texas, Jone ...

(D) : . James L. Slayden (D) : .

John Nance Garner John Nance Garner III (November 22, 1868 – November 7, 1967), known among his contemporaries as "Cactus Jack", was the 32nd vice president of the United States, serving from 1933 to 1941, under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. A member of the ...

(D) : . Thomas L. Blanton (D) : . Daniel E. Garrett (D) : .

A. Jeff McLemore Atkins Jefferson McLemore (March 13, 1857 – March 4, 1929) was an American newspaper publisher, State Representative and United States Representative from Texas. Early life McLemore was born on a farm near Spring Hill, Tennessee, on March 13, ...

(D)

Utah Utah is a landlocked state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is one of the Four Corners states, sharing a border with Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. It also borders Wyoming to the northea ...

: . Milton H. Welling (D) : .

James Henry Mays James Henry Mays (June 29, 1868 – April 19, 1926) was an American lawyer, businessman, and politician who served three terms as a U.S. Representative from Utah from 1915 to 1921. Early life and education Born in Morristown, Tennessee, Mays ...

(D)

Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provinces and territories of Ca ...

: . Frank L. Greene (R) : .

Porter H. Dale Porter Hinman Dale (March 1, 1867October 6, 1933) was an American educator, lawyer, and politician who served as a member of both the United States House of Representatives from 1915 to 1923, and the United States Senate from Vermont from 1923 to ...

(R)

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...

: . William A. Jones (D), until April 17, 1918 :: S. Otis Bland (D), from July 2, 1918 : .

Edward Everett Holland Edward Everett Holland (February 26, 1861 – October 23, 1941) was an American lawyer, banker, and politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Virginia from 1911 to 1921. Early life and education Born near Suffolk, Virginia, to the fo ...

(D) : .

Andrew Jackson Montague Andrew Jackson Montague (October 3, 1862January 24, 1937; nickname "Jack") was a Virginia lawyer and American politician. He served as the 44th governor of Virginia, from 1902 to 1906, and a Congressman from 1912 until his death in 1937. A De ...

(D) : . Walter Allen Watson (D) : .

(D) : .

Carter Glass Carter Glass (January 4, 1858 – May 28, 1946) was an American newspaper publisher and Democratic Party (United States), Democratic politician from Lynchburg, Virginia, Lynchburg, Virginia. He represented Virginia in both houses of United Stat ...

(D), until December 16, 1918 ::

James P. Woods James Pleasant Woods (February 4, 1868 – July 7, 1948) was a U.S. Representative from Virginia. Biography Born near Roanoke, Virginia, Woods attended the common schools. He graduated from Roanoke College in 1892. He was President of his ...

(D), from February 25, 1919 : . Thomas W. Harrison (D) : . Charles Creighton Carlin (D) : . C. Bascom Slemp (R) : . Henry D. Flood (D)

Washington Washington most commonly refers to: * George Washington (1732–1799), the first president of the United States * Washington (state), a state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A ...

: . John Franklin Miller (Washington representative), John F. Miller (R) : . Lindley H. Hadley (R) : . Albert Johnson (congressman), Albert Johnson (R) : . William Leroy La Follette (R) : . Clarence Cleveland Dill (D)

List of United States representatives from West Virginia, West Virginia

: . Matthew M. Neely (D) : . George M. Bowers (R) : . Stuart F. Reed (R) : . Harry C. Woodyard (R) : . Edward Cooper (congressman), Edward Cooper (R) : . Adam B. Littlepage (D)

List of United States representatives from Wisconsin, Wisconsin

: . Henry Allen Cooper (R) : . Edward Voigt (R) : . John M. Nelson (R) : . William J. Cary (R) : . William H. Stafford (R) : . James H. Davidson (R), until August 6, 1918 :: Florian Lampert (R), from November 5, 1918 : . John Jacob Esch, John J. Esch (R) : . Edward E. Browne (R) : . David G. Classon (R) : . James A. Frear (R) : . Irvine L. Lenroot (R), until April 17, 1918 :: Adolphus P. Nelson (R), from November 5, 1918

List of United States representatives from Wyoming, Wyoming

: . Franklin Wheeler Mondell, Franklin W. Mondell (R)

Non-voting members

: . Charles A. Sulzer (D), until January 7, 1919 :: James Wickersham (R), from January 7, 1919 : . Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole (R) : . Jaime C. De Veyra (Resident Commissioner), (Nacionalista Party, Nac.) : . Teodoro R. Yangco (Resident Commissioner), (I) : . Félix Córdova Dávila (Resident Commissioner), (Unionist Party (Puerto Rico), Unionist), from August 7, 1917 ChampClark

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

* Replacements: 17 ** Democratic: 3-seat net loss ** Republican Party (United States), Republican: 3-seat net gain * Deaths: 10 * Resignations: 1 * Vacancy: 0 * Total seats with changes: 10

House of Representatives

* replacements: 23 ** Democratic: no net change ** Republican Party (United States), Republican: no net change * Deaths: 15 * Resignations: 12 * Contested elections: 3 * Total seats with changes: 31

Committees

Senate

* Additional Accommodations for the Library of Congress (Select) (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: William Joel Stone, William J. Stone) * United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Agriculture and Forestry (Chairman: Thomas P. Gore; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Appropriations, Appropriations (Chairman: Thomas S. Martin; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee to Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate, Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: William H. Thompson; Ranking Member: Reed Smoot) * United States Senate Committee on Banking and Currency, Banking and Currency (Chairman: Robert L. Owen; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Canadian Relations, Canadian Relations (Chairman: John B. Kendrick; Ranking Member: Lawrence Y. Sherman) * United States Senate Committee on the Census, Census (Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Civil Service, Civil Service and Retrenchment (Chairman: Kenneth McKellar (politician), Kenneth McKellar; Ranking Member: Albert B. Cummins) * United States Senate Committee on Claims, Claims (Chairman: Joseph T. Robinson; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Coast and Insular Survey, Coast and Insular Survey (Chairman: Willard Saulsbury Jr., Willard Saulsbury; Ranking Member: Charles E. Townsend) * United States Senate Committee on Coast Defenses, Coast Defenses (Chairman: Charles S. Thomas; Ranking Member: John W. Weeks) * United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Commerce (Chairman: Duncan U. Fletcher; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Conservation of National Resources, Conservation of National Resources (Chairman: James K. Vardaman; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia, Corporations Organized in the District of Columbia (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: William Joel Stone, William J. Stone) * United States Senate Committee on Cuban Relations, Cuban Relations (Chairman: Oscar W. Underwood; Ranking Member: William Alden Smith, William A. Smith) * United States Senate Committee on Disposition of Useless Papers in the Executive Departments, Disposition of Useless Papers in the Executive Departments (Chairman: John W. Weeks; Ranking Member: Henry F. Hollis) * United States Senate Committee on the District of Columbia, District of Columbia (Chairman: John W. Smith; Ranking Member: William P. Dillingham) * United States Senate Committee on Education and Labor, Education and Labor (Chairman: Hoke Smith; Ranking Member: William E. Borah) * United States Senate Committee on Engrossed Bills, Engrossed Bills (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Furnifold M. Simmons) * United States Senate Committee on Enrolled Bills, Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Henry F. Hollis; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Select Committee to Establish a University in the United States, Establish a University in the United States (Select) * United States Senate Committee to Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service, Examine the Several Branches in the Civil Service (Chairman: William Alden Smith, William A. Smith; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Agriculture, Expenditures in the Department of Agriculture (Chairman: William F. Kirby; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce, Expenditures in the Department of Commerce (Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Expenditures in the Interior Department, Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: Reed Smoot; Ranking Member: Claude A. Swanson) * United States Senate Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Justice, Expenditures in the Department of Justice (Chairman: William E. Borah; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Labor, Expenditures in the Department of Labor (Chairman: J.C.W. Beckham; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department, Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: William Hughes (U.S. senator), William Hughes) * United States Senate Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department, Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: William H. King; Ranking Member: William Alden Smith, William A. Smith) * United States Senate Committee on Expenditures in the State Department, Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: J. Hamilton Lewis; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Department, Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Expenditures in the War Department, Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Charles E. Townsend; Ranking Member: Charles S. Thomas) * United States Senate Committee on Finance, Finance (Chairman: Furnifold M. Simmons; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Fisheries, Fisheries (Chairman: John F. Nugent; Ranking Member: Wesley L. Jones) * United States Senate Committee on the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians, Five Civilized Tribes of Indians (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Benjamin R. Tillman) * United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Foreign Relations (Chairman: William J. Stone; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Forest Reservations and the Protection of Game, Forest Reservations and the Protection of Game (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Benjamin R. Tillman) * United States Senate Committee on Geological Survey, Geological Survey (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Ellison D. Smith) * United States Senate Committee on Immigration, Immigration (Chairman: Thomas W. Hardwick; Ranking Member: William P. Dillingham) * United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, Indian Affairs (Chairman: Henry F. Ashurst; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Indian Depredations, Indian Depredations (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Claude A. Swanson) * United States Senate Committee on Industrial Expositions, Industrial Expositions (Chairman: N/A; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Interoceanic Canals, Interoceanic Canals (Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Interstate Commerce, Interstate Commerce (Chairman: Ellison D. Smith; Ranking Member: Albert B. Cummins) * United States Senate Committee on Investigate Trespassers upon Indian Lands, Investigate Trespassers upon Indian Lands (Chairman: Wesley L. Jones; Ranking Member: J.C.W. Beckham) * United States Senate Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation, Irrigation and Reclamation (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Wesley L. Jones) * United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Judiciary (Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on the Library, Library (Chairman: John Sharp Williams, John S. Williams; Ranking Member: Jacob H. Gallinger then John W. Weeks) * United States Senate Committee on Manufactures, Manufactures (Chairman: James A. Reed; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Military Affairs, Military Affairs (Chairman: George E. Chamberlain; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Mines and Mining, Mines and Mining (Chairman: Charles B. Henderson; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Select Committee on the Mississippi River and its Tributaries, Mississippi River and its Tributaries (Select) (Chairman: Albert B. Cummins; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on National Banks, National Banks (Chairman: N/A; Ranking Member: Frank B. Kellogg) * United States Senate Committee on Naval Affairs, Naval Affairs (Chairman: Benjamin R. Tillman; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Pacific Islands and Puerto Rico, Pacific Islands and Puerto Rico (Chairman: John F. Shafroth; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Pacific Railroads, Pacific Railroads (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: James A. Reed) * United States Senate Committee on Patents, Patents (Chairman: Ollie M. James; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Pensions, Pensions (Chairman: Thomas J. Walsh; Ranking Member: Porter J. McCumber) * United States Senate Committee on the Philippines, Philippines (Chairman: Gilbert M. Hitchcock; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Post Office and Post Roads, Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John H. Bankhead; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Printing, Printing (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Reed Smoot) * United States Senate Committee on Private Land Claims, Private Land Claims (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Benjamin R. Tillman) * United States Senate Committee on Privileges and Elections, Privileges and Elections (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: William P. Dillingham) * United States Senate Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Claude A. Swanson; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Public Health and National Quarantine, Public Health and National Quarantine (Chairman: Joseph E. Ransdell; Ranking Member: John W. Weeks) * United States Senate Committee on Public Lands, Public Lands (Chairman: Henry L. Myers; Ranking Member: Reed Smoot) * United States Senate Committee on Railroads, Railroads (Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Revolutionary Claims, Revolutionary Claims (Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on Rules, Rules (Chairman: Lee S. Overman; Ranking Member: Jacob H. Gallinger then

) * United States Senate Committee on Standards, Weights and Measures, Standards, Weights and Measures (Chairman: William S. Kenyon (Iowa politician), William S. Kenyon; Ranking Member: John H. Bankhead) * United States Senate Select Committee on the Tariff Regulation, Tariff Regulation (Select) * United States Senate Committee on Territories, Territories (Chairman:

; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Select Committee on the Transportation and Sale of Meat Products, Transportation and Sale of Meat Products (Select) (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Benjamin R. Tillman) * United States Senate Committee on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard, Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Chairman: Porter J. McCumber; Ranking Member:

) * United States Senate Committee on University of the United States, University of the United States (Chairman: William P. Dillingham; Ranking Member: Willard Saulsbury Jr., Willard Saulsbury) * Washington Railway and Electrical Company (Select) * Committee of the whole, Whole * Woman Suffrage (Chairman: Andrieus A. Jones; Ranking Member: Wesley L. Jones)

House of Representatives

* United States House Committee on Accounts, Accounts (Chairman: Frank Park; Ranking Member: Rollin B. Sanford) * United States House Committee on Agriculture, Agriculture (Chairman: Asbury F. Lever; Ranking Member: Gilbert N. Haugen) * United States House Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic, Alcoholic Liquor Traffic (Chairman: Adolph J. Sabath; Ranking Member: Addison T. Smith) * United States House Committee on Appropriations, Appropriations (Chairman: Swagar Sherley; Ranking Member: Frederick H. Gillett) * United States House Committee on Banking and Currency, Banking and Currency (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Everis A. Hayes) * United States House Committee on the Census, Census (Chairman: Harvey Helm; Ranking Member: Charles Archibald Nichols, Charles A. Nichols) * United States House Committee on Claims, Claims (Chairman: Hubert D. Stephens; Ranking Member:

) * United States House Committee on Coinage, Weights and Measures, Coinage, Weights and Measures (Chairman: William A. Ashbrook; Ranking Member: Edwin E. Roberts) * United States House Committee on the Disposition of Executive Papers, Disposition of Executive Papers (Chairman: J. Frederick C. Talbott; Ranking Member: Burton L. French) * United States House Committee on the District of Columbia, District of Columbia (Chairman: Ben Johnson; Ranking Member: William J. Cary) * United States House Committee on Education, Education (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Caleb Powers) * United States House Committee on the Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress, Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress (Chairman: William W. Rucker; Ranking Member: Carl E. Mapes) * United States House Committee on Elections, Elections No.#1 (Chairman: Riley J. Wilson; Ranking Member:

) * United States House Committee on Elections, Elections No.#2 (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: John Jacob Rogers) * United States House Committee on Elections, Elections No.#3 (Chairman: Walter A. Watson; Ranking Member:

) * United States House Committee on Enrolled Bills, Enrolled Bills (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: John R. Ramsey) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Agriculture Department, Expenditures in the Agriculture Department (Chairman: Robert L. Doughton; Ranking Member:

) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Commerce Department, Expenditures in the Commerce Department (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Thomas S. Williams) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Interior Department, Expenditures in the Interior Department (Chairman: William W. Hastings; Ranking Member: Aaron S. Kreider) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Justice Department, Expenditures in the Justice Department (Chairman: William B. Walton; Ranking Member: Stephen G. Porter) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Labor Department, Expenditures in the Labor Department (Chairman: Christopher D. Sullivan; Ranking Member: Niels Juul) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department, Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Rufus Hardy; Ranking Member: George Edmund Foss, George E. Foss) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department, Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: Edward Keating; Ranking Member: Harry H. Pratt) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the State Department, Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: George H. Tinkham) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Department, Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: Charles O. Lobeck; Ranking Member: Henry Wilson Temple, Henry W. Temple) * United States House Committee on Expenditures in the War Department, Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: Peter J. Dooling; Ranking Member: Luther W. Mott) * United States House Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings, Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: James V. McClintic; Ranking Member: Edward E. Robbins then Oscar E. Bland) * United States House Committee on Flood Control, Flood Control (Chairman: Benjamin G. Humphreys; Ranking Member: William A. Rodenberg) * United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Foreign Affairs (Chairman: Henry D. Flood; Ranking Member: Henry Allen Cooper, Henry A. Cooper) * United States House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, Immigration and Naturalization (Chairman: John L. Burnett; Ranking Member: Everis A. Hayes) * United States House Committee on Indian Affairs, Indian Affairs (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Philip P. Campbell) * Industrial Arts and Expositions (Chairman: James E. Cantrill; Ranking Member:

) * United States House Committee on Insular Affairs, Insular Affairs (Chairman: Finis J. Garrett; Ranking Member: Horace M. Towner) * United States House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, Interstate and Foreign Commerce (Chairman: Thetus W. Sims; Ranking Member: John J. Esch) * United States House Committee on Invalid Pensions, Invalid Pensions (Chairman: Isaac R. Sherwood; Ranking Member: John W. Langley) * United States House Select Committee to Investigate Conditions Interfering with Interstate Commerce between the States of Illinois and Missouri, Investigate Conditions Interfering with Interstate Commerce between the States of Illinois and Missouri (Select) (Chairman: N/A; Ranking Member: N/A) * United States House Committee on Irrigation of Arid Lands, Irrigation of Arid Lands (Chairman: Edward T. Taylor; Ranking Member: Moses P. Kinkaid) * United States House Committee on Judiciary, Judiciary (Chairman: Edwin Y. Webb; Ranking Member: Andrew J. Volstead) * United States House Committee on Labor, Labor (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: John M.C. Smith) * United States House Committee on the Library, Library (Chairman: James L. Slayden; Ranking Member: Edward W. Gray) * United States House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, Merchant Marine and Fisheries (Chairman: Joshua W. Alexander; Ranking Member:

) * United States House Committee on Mileage, Mileage (Chairman: Clarence C. Dill; Ranking Member: John A. Elston) * United States House Committee on Military Affairs, Military Affairs (Chairman: S. Hubert Dent; Ranking Member:

) * United States House Committee on Mines and Mining, Mines and Mining (Chairman: Martin D. Foster; Ranking Member: Mahlon M. Garland) * United States House Committee on Naval Affairs, Naval Affairs (Chairman: Lemuel P. Padgett; Ranking Member: Thomas S. Butler) * United States House Committee on Patents, Patents (Chairman: Charles B. Smith; Ranking Member:

) * United States House Committee on Pensions, Pensions (Chairman: John A. Key; Ranking Member: Sam R. Sells) * United States House Committee on Post Office and Post Roads, Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John A. Moon; Ranking Member:

) * United States House Committee on Printing, Printing (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Edgar R. Kiess) * United States House Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, Public Buildings and Grounds (Chairman: Frank Clark; Ranking Member:

) * United States House Committee on Public Lands, Public Lands (Chairman:

Scott Ferris Scott Ferris (November 3, 1877 – June 8, 1945) was a U.S. Representative from Oklahoma. Early life Ferris was born in Neosho, Missouri to Scott and Annie M. Ferris.

; Ranking Member: Irvine L. Lenroot) * United States House Committee on Railways and Canals, Railways and Canals (Chairman: Clement Brumbaugh; Ranking Member: William L. La Follette) * United States House Committee on Reform in the Civil Service, Reform in the Civil Service (Chairman: Hannibal L. Godwin; Ranking Member: Frederick R. Lehlbach) * United States House Committee on Revision of Laws, Revision of Laws (Chairman: John T. Watkins; Ranking Member:

) * United States House Committee on Rivers and Harbors, Rivers and Harbors (Chairman: John H. Small; Ranking Member: Charles A. Kennedy) * United States House Committee on Roads, Roads (Chairman: Dorsey W. Shackleford; Ranking Member: Thomas B. Dunn) * United States House Committee on Rules, Rules (Chairman:

; Ranking Member: Philip P. Campbell) * United States House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct, Standards of Official Conduct * United States House Committee on Territories, Territories (Chairman: William C. Houston; Ranking Member: Albert Johnson (congressman), Albert Johnson) * United States House Committee on War Claims, War Claims (Chairman: Alexander W. Gregg; Ranking Member: Benjamin K. Focht) * United States House Special Committee on Water Power, Water Power (Special) (Chairman: Thetus W. Sims; Ranking Member: N/A) * United States House Committee on Ways and Means, Ways and Means (Chairman: Claude Kitchin; Ranking Member: Joseph W. Fordney) * United States House Committee on Woman Suffrage, Woman Suffrage (Chairman: John E. Raker; Ranking Member:

) * Committee of the Whole (United States House of Representatives), Whole

Joint committees

* United States Congress Joint Special Committee on Conditions of Indian Tribes, Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special) * Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers * Interstate Commerce (Chairman: Sen. Ellison D. Smith) * United States Congress Joint Committee on the Library, The Library (Chairman: Sen.

) * Postal Salaries * United States Congress Joint Committee on Printing, Printing (Chairman: Sen. Duncan U. Fletcher) * Reclassification of Salaries

Caucuses

* House Democratic Caucus, Democratic (House) * Senate Democratic Caucus, Democratic (Senate)

Employees

List of federal agencies in the United States#United States Congress, Legislative branch agency directors

*Architect of the Capitol: Elliott Woods *Librarian of Congress: Herbert Putnam *Public Printer of the United States: Cornelius Ford

Senate

*Chaplain of the United States Senate, Chaplain: F.J. Prettyman (Methodist) *Secretary of the United States Senate, Secretary: James Marion Baker, James M. Baker *United States Senate Librarian, Librarian: Edward C. Goodwin *Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate, Sergeant at Arms: Charles P. Higgins

House of Representatives

*Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives, Chaplain: Henry N. Couden (Universalist) *Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, Clerk: South Trimble *Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives, Doorkeeper: Joseph J. Sinnott *Postmaster of the United States House of Representatives, Postmaster: William M. Dunbar *Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives, Clerk at the Speaker's Table: Bennett C. Clark ** Clarence A. Cannon *Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, Reading Clerks: Patrick Joseph Haltigan (D) and H. Martin Williams (R) *Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives, Sergeant at Arms: Robert B. Gordon

References

* * * * * * * * * * * {{United States Congresses 65th United States Congress,