Listed are many

semiconductor A semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. Its conductivity can be modified by adding impurities (" doping") to its crystal structure. When two regions with different doping level ...

scale examples for various

metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor upright=1.3, Two power MOSFETs in amperes">A in the ''on'' state, dissipating up to about 100 watt">W and controlling a load of over 2000 W. A matchstick is pictured for scale. In electronics, the metal–oxide–semiconductor field- ...

(MOSFET, or MOS transistor)

semiconductor manufacturing process Semiconductor device fabrication is the process used to manufacture semiconductor devices, typically integrated circuits (ICs) such as microprocessors, microcontrollers, and memories (such as RAM and flash memory). It is a multiple-step photol ...

nodes.

Timeline of MOSFET demonstrations

PMOS and NMOS

CMOS (single-gate)

Multi-gate MOSFET (MuGFET)

Other types of MOSFET

Commercial products using micro-scale MOSFETs

Products featuring 20 μm manufacturing process

RCA RCA Corporation was a major American electronics company, which was founded in 1919 as the Radio Corporation of America. It was initially a patent pool, patent trust owned by General Electric (GE), Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Westinghou ...

CD4000 The 4000 series is a CMOS logic family of integrated circuits (ICs) first introduced in 1968 by RCA. It was slowly migrated into the 4000B buffered series after about 1975. It had a much wider supply voltage range than any contemporary logic fami ...

series of

integrated circuit An integrated circuit (IC), also known as a microchip or simply chip, is a set of electronic circuits, consisting of various electronic components (such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors) and their interconnections. These components a ...

s (ICs) beginning in 1968.

Products featuring 10 μm manufacturing process

Intel 4004 The Intel 4004 was part of the 4 chip MCS-4 micro computer set, released by the Intel, Intel Corporation in November 1971; the 4004 being part of the first commercially marketed microprocessor chipset, and the first in a long line of List of I ...

, the first single-chip

microprocessor A microprocessor is a computer processor (computing), processor for which the data processing logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit (IC), or a small number of ICs. The microprocessor contains the arithmetic, logic, a ...

CPU A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central processor, main processor, or just processor, is the primary processor in a given computer. Its electronic circuitry executes instructions of a computer program, such as arithmetic, log ...

, launched in 1971. *

Intel 8008 The Intel 8008 ("''eight-thousand-eight''" or "''eighty-oh-eight''") is an early 8-bit microprocessor capable of addressing 16 KB of memory, introduced in April 1972. The 8008 architecture was designed by Computer Terminal Corporation (CTC) and ...

CPU launched in 1972.

Products featuring 8 μm manufacturing process

Intel 1103 The 1103 is a dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) integrated circuit (IC) developed and fabricated by Intel. Introduced in October 1970, the 1103 was the first commercially available DRAM IC; and due to its small physical size and low price relat ...

, an early

dynamic random-access memory Dynamics (from Greek language, Greek δυναμικός ''dynamikos'' "powerful", from δύναμις ''dynamis'' "power (disambiguation), power") or dynamic may refer to: Physics and engineering * Dynamics (mechanics), the study of forces and t ...

(DRAM) chip launched in 1970. *

MOS Technology 6502 The MOS Technology 6502 (typically pronounced "sixty-five-oh-two" or "six-five-oh-two") William Mensch and the moderator both pronounce the 6502 microprocessor as ''"sixty-five-oh-two"''. is an 8-bit computing, 8-bit microprocessor that was desi ...

1 MHz CPU launched in 1975.

Products featuring 6 μm manufacturing process

Toshiba is a Japanese multinational electronics company headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure systems, elevators and escalators, electronic components, semiconductors ...

TLCS-12, a

developed for the

Ford EEC The Ford EEC or Electronic Engine Control is a series of ECU (or Engine Control Unit) that was designed and built by Ford Motor Company. The first system, EEC I, used processors and components developed by Toshiba in 1973. It began production in 1 ...

(Electronic Engine Control) system in 1973. *

Intel 8080 The Intel 8080 is Intel's second 8-bit computing, 8-bit microprocessor. Introduced in April 1974, the 8080 was an enhanced successor to the earlier Intel 8008 microprocessor, although without binary compatibility.'' Electronic News'' was a week ...

launched in 1974 was manufactured using this process. * The

Television Interface Adaptor The Television Interface Adaptor (TIA) is the custom computer chip which, along with a variant of the MOS Technology 6502, constitutes the heart of the 1977 Atari Video Computer System game console. The TIA generates the screen display, sound ...

, the custom graphics and audio chip developed for the

Atari 2600 The Atari 2600 is a home video game console developed and produced by Atari, Inc. Released in September 1977 as the Atari Video Computer System (Atari VCS), it popularized microprocessor-based hardware and games stored on swappable ROM cartridg ...

in 1977. *

MOS Technology SID The MOS Technology 6581/8580 SID (Sound Interface Device) is the built-in programmable sound generator chip of the Commodore CBM-II, Commodore 64, Commodore 128, and MAX Machine home computers. Together with the MOS Technology VIC-II, VIC-II gr ...

, a

programmable sound generator A programmable sound generator (PSG) is a sound chip that generates (or synthesizes) audio wave signals built from one or more basic waveforms, and often some kind of noise. PSGs use a relatively simple method of creating sound compared to other m ...

developed for the

Commodore 64 The Commodore 64, also known as the C64, is an 8-bit computing, 8-bit home computer introduced in January 1982 by Commodore International (first shown at the Consumer Electronics Show, January 7–10, 1982, in Las Vegas). It has been listed in ...

in 1982. *

MOS Technology VIC-II The VIC-II (Video Interface Chip II), specifically known as the MOS Technology 6567/6566/8562/8564 (NTSC versions), 6569/8565/8566 (PAL), is the microchip tasked with generating Y/C video signals (combined to composite video in the RF modulator ...

, a

video display controller A video display controller (VDC), also called a display engine or display interface, is an integrated circuit which is the main component in a video-signal generator, a device responsible for the production of a TV video signal in a computing ...

developed for the

in 1982 (5 μm).

Products featuring 3 μm manufacturing process

Intel 8085 The Intel 8085 ("''eighty-eighty-five''") is an 8-bit microprocessor produced by Intel and introduced in March 1976. It is software-binary-code compatibility, binary compatible with the more-famous Intel 8080. It is the last 8-bit microprocesso ...

CPU launched in 1976. *

Intel 8086 The 8086 (also called iAPX 86) is a 16-bit computing, 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel between early 1976 and June 8, 1978, when it was released. The Intel 8088, released July 1, 1979, is a slightly modified chip with an external 8-b ...

CPU launched in 1978. *

Intel 8088 The Intel 8088 ("''eighty-eighty-eight''", also called iAPX 88) microprocessor is a variant of the Intel 8086. Introduced on June 1, 1979, the 8088 has an eight-bit external data bus instead of the 16-bit bus of the 8086. The 16-bit registers ...

CPU launched in 1979. *

Motorola 68000 The Motorola 68000 (sometimes shortened to Motorola 68k or m68k and usually pronounced "sixty-eight-thousand") is a 16/32-bit complex instruction set computer (CISC) microprocessor, introduced in 1979 by Motorola Semiconductor Products Sector ...

8 MHz CPU launched in 1979 (3.5 μm).

Products featuring 1.5 μm manufacturing process

NEC is a Japanese multinational information technology and electronics corporation, headquartered at the NEC Supertower in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It provides IT and network solutions, including cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), Inte ...

's 64 kb SRAM memory chip in 1981. *

Intel 80286 The Intel 80286 (also marketed as the iAPX 286 and often called Intel 286) is a 16-bit microprocessor that was introduced on February 1, 1982. It was the first 8086-based CPU with separate, non- multiplexed address and data buses and also the f ...

launched in 1982. * The

Amiga Advanced Graphics Architecture Amiga Advanced Graphics Architecture (AGA) is the third-generation Amiga graphic chipset, first used in the Amiga 4000 in 1992. Before release AGA was codenamed Pandora by Commodore International. AGA was originally called AA for Advanced Archit ...

(initially sold in 1992) included chips such as Alice that were manufactured using a 1.5 μm

CMOS Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS, pronounced "sea-moss ", , ) is a type of MOSFET, metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) semiconductor device fabrication, fabrication process that uses complementary an ...

process.

Products featuring 1 μm manufacturing process

* NTT's

DRAM Dram, DRAM, or drams may refer to: Technology and engineering * Dram (unit), a unit of mass and volume, and an informal name for a small amount of liquor, especially whisky or whiskey * Dynamic random-access memory, a type of electronic semicondu ...

memory chips, including its 64 kb chip in 1979 and 256kb chip in 1980. *

's 1 Mb DRAM memory chip in 1984. *

Intel 80386 The Intel 386, originally released as the 80386 and later renamed i386, is the third-generation x86 architecture microprocessor from Intel. It was the first 32-bit computing, 32-bit processor in the line, making it a significant evolution in ...

CPU launched in 1985.

Products featuring 800 nm manufacturing process

* NTT's 1Mb DRAM memory chip in 1984. *

and

used this process for their 4Mb DRAM memory chips in 1986. *

Hitachi () is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational Conglomerate (company), conglomerate founded in 1910 and headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo. The company is active in various industries, including digital systems, power and renewable ener ...

IBM International Business Machines Corporation (using the trademark IBM), nicknamed Big Blue, is an American Multinational corporation, multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, and present in over 175 countries. It is ...

, Matsushita and

Mitsubishi Electric is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational electronics and electrical equipment manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The company was established in 1921 as a spin-off from the electrical machinery manufacturing d ...

used this process for their 4Mb DRAM memory chips in 1987. * Toshiba's 4Mb

EPROM An EPROM (rarely EROM), or erasable programmable read-only memory, is a type of programmable read-only memory (PROM) integrated circuit, chip that retains its data when its power supply is switched off. Computer memory that can retrieve stored d ...

memory chip in 1987. * Hitachi, Mitsubishi and Toshiba used this process for their 1Mb SRAM memory chips in 1987. *

Intel 486 The Intel 486, officially named i486 and also known as 80486, is a microprocessor introduced in 1989. It is a higher-performance follow-up to the Intel 386. It represents the fourth generation of binary compatible CPUs following the 8086 of ...

launched in 1989. * microSPARC I launched in 1992. * First Intel P5

Pentium Pentium is a series of x86 architecture-compatible microprocessors produced by Intel from 1993 to 2023. The Pentium (original), original Pentium was Intel's fifth generation processor, succeeding the i486; Pentium was Intel's flagship proce ...

CPUs at 60 MHz and 66 MHz launched in 1993.

Products featuring 600 nm manufacturing process

and

introduced 16Mb DRAM memory chips manufactured with a 600nm process in 1989. * NEC's 16Mb EPROM memory chip in 1990. * Mitsubishi's 16Mb

flash memory Flash memory is an Integrated circuit, electronic Non-volatile memory, non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash memory, NOR flash and NAND flash, are named for t ...

chip in 1991. *

Intel 80486DX4 IntelDX4 is a clock-tripled i486 microprocessor with 16 KB level 1 cache.http://www.pld.ttu.ee/~prj/486dev.pdf Intel named it DX4 (rather than ''DX3'') as a consequence of litigation with Advanced Micro Devices over trademarks. The ...

launched in 1994. *

Motorola Motorola, Inc. () was an American multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois. It was founded by brothers Paul and Joseph Galvin in 1928 and had been named Motorola since 1947. Many of Motorola's products had been ...

PowerPC 601 The PowerPC 600 family was the first family of PowerPC processors built. They were designed at the Somerset facility in Austin, Texas, jointly funded and staffed by engineers from IBM and Motorola as a part of the AIM alliance. Somerset was opene ...

, the first PowerPC chip, was produced in 0.6 μm. * Intel

CPUs at 75 MHz, 90 MHz and 100 MHz.

Products featuring 350 nm manufacturing process

Sony is a Japanese multinational conglomerate (company), conglomerate headquartered at Sony City in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. The Sony Group encompasses various businesses, including Sony Corporation (electronics), Sony Semiconductor Solutions (i ...

's 16Mb SRAM memory chip in 1994. * NEC VR4300 (1995), used in the

Nintendo 64 The (N64) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Nintendo. It was released in Japan on June 23, 1996, in North America on September 29, 1996, and in Europe and Australia on March 1, 1997. As the successor to the Super Nintendo E ...

game console. *

Intel Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and Delaware General Corporation Law, incorporated in Delaware. Intel designs, manufactures, and sells computer compo ...

Pentium Pro The Pentium Pro is a sixth-generation x86 microprocessor developed and manufactured by Intel and introduced on November 1, 1995. It implements the P6 (microarchitecture), P6 microarchitecture (sometimes termed i686), and was the first x86 Intel C ...

(1995),

( P54CS, 1995), and initial

Pentium II The Pentium II is a brand of sixth-generation Intel x86 microprocessors based on the P6 (microarchitecture), P6 microarchitecture, introduced on May 7, 1997. It combined the ''P6'' microarchitecture seen on the Pentium Pro with the MMX (instruc ...

s (

Klamath Klamath may refer to: Ethnic groups *Klamath people, a Native American people of California and Oregon **Klamath Tribes, a federally recognized group of tribes in Oregon *Klamath language, spoken by the Klamath people Places in the United States * ...

, 1997). *

AMD Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California and maintains significant operations in Austin, Texas. AMD is a hardware and fabless company that de ...

K5 (1996) and original

AMD K6 The K6 microprocessor was launched by AMD in 1997. The main advantage of this particular microprocessor is that it was designed to fit into existing desktop designs for Pentium-branded CPUs. It was marketed as a product that could perform as wel ...

(Model 6, 1997) CPUs. *

Parallax Propeller The Parallax P8X32A Propeller is a multi-core processor parallel computer architecture microcontroller chip with eight 32-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) central processing unit (CPU) cores. Introduced in 2006, it is designed and so ...

, 8 core microcontroller.

Products featuring 250 nm manufacturing process

's 16Mb SRAM memory chip in 1993. *

and

introduced 256Mb DRAM memory chips manufactured with this process in 1993, followed by Matsushita,

and Oki in 1994. * NEC's 1 Gb DRAM memory chip in 1995. * Hitachi's 128Mb

NAND flash Flash memory is an Integrated circuit, electronic Non-volatile memory, non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash memory, NOR flash and NAND flash, are named for t ...

memory chip in 1996. *

DEC Alpha Alpha (original name Alpha AXP) is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). Alpha was designed to replace 32-bit VAX complex instruction set computers ( ...

21264A, which was made commercially available in 1999. *

AMD K6-2 The K6-2 is an x86 microprocessor introduced by AMD on May 28, 1998, and available in speeds ranging from 266 to 550 MHz. An enhancement of the original K6, the K6-2 introduced AMD's 3DNow! SIMD instruction set and an upgraded system-bus interf ...

''Chomper'' and ''Chomper Extended''. Chomper was released on May 28, 1998. *

AMD K6-III The K6-III (code name: "Sharptooth") was an x86 microprocessor line manufactured by AMD that launched on February 22, 1999. The launch consisted of both 400 and 450 MHz models and was based on the preceding K6-2 architecture. Its improved 25 ...

"Sharptooth" used 250 nm. * Mobile

Pentium MMX The Pentium (also referred to as the i586 or P5 Pentium) is a microprocessor introduced by Intel on March 22, 1993. It is the first CPU using the Pentium brand. Considered the fifth generation in the x86 (8086) compatible line of processors, s ...

'' Tillamook'', released in August 1997. *

'' Deschutes''. *

Dreamcast The is the final home video game console manufactured by Sega. It was released in Japan on November 27, 1998, in North America on September 9, 1999 and in Europe on October 14, 1999. It was the first sixth-generation video game console, prec ...

console's

Hitachi SH-4 SuperH (or SH) is a 32-bit reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Hitachi and currently produced by Renesas. It is implemented by microcontrollers and microprocessors for embedded systems. At the ...

CPU and PowerVR2 GPU, released in 1998. *

Pentium III The Pentium III (marketed as Intel Pentium III Processor, informally PIII or P3) brand refers to Intel's 32-bit x86 desktop and mobile CPUs based on the sixth-generation P6 (microarchitecture), P6 microarchitecture introduced on February 28, 1999 ...

'' Katmai''. * Initial

PlayStation 2 The PlayStation 2 (PS2) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Computer Entertainment. It was first released in Japan on 4 March 2000, in North America on 26 October, in Europe on 24 Novembe ...

's Emotion Engine CPU.

Processors using 180 nm manufacturing technology

* Intel Coppermine E- October 1999 * Sony

console's

Emotion Engine The Emotion Engine is a central processing unit developed and manufactured by Sony Computer Entertainment and Toshiba for use in the PlayStation 2 video game console. It was also used in early PlayStation 3 models sold in Japan and North Americ ...

and

Graphics Synthesizer The PlayStation 2 technical specifications describe the various components of the PlayStation 2 (PS2) video game console. Overview The sixth-generation hardware of the PlayStation 2 video game console consists of various components. At the ...

– March 2000 * ATI Radeon R100 and RV100 Radeon 7000 – 2000 *

Athlon Thunderbird AMD Athlon is the brand name applied to a series of x86, x86-compatible microprocessors designed and manufactured by AMD, Advanced Micro Devices. The original Athlon (now called Athlon Classic) was the first seventh-generation x86 processor a ...

– June 2000 * Intel Celeron (Willamette) – May 2002 * Motorola PowerPC 7445 and 7455 (Apollo 6) – January 2002

Processors using 130 nm manufacturing technology

* Fujitsu

SPARC64 V The SPARC64 V (''Zeus'') is a SPARC, SPARC V9 microprocessor designed by Fujitsu. The SPARC64 V was the basis for a series of successive processors designed for servers, and later, supercomputers. The servers series are the SPARC64 V+, VI, VI+, ...

– 2001 *

Gekko ''Gekko'' is a genus of Southeast Asian geckos, Common name, commonly known as true geckos or calling geckos, in the Family (biology), family Gekkonidae. Although species such as ''Gekko gecko'' (tokay gecko) are very widespread and common, some ...

and

Nintendo is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational video game company headquartered in Kyoto. It develops, publishes, and releases both video games and video game consoles. The history of Nintendo began when craftsman Fusajiro Yamauchi ...

(

GameCube The is a PowerPC-based home video game console developed and marketed by Nintendo. It was released in Japan on September 14, 2001, in North America on November 18, 2001, in Europe on May 3, 2002, and in Australia on May 17, 2002. It is the suc ...

console) – 2001 * Motorola PowerPC 7447 and 7457 – 2002 * IBM PowerPC G5 970 – October 2002 – June 2003 * Intel

Tualatin and Coppermine – 2001-04 * Intel

Celeron Celeron is a series of IA-32 and x86-64 computer microprocessor, microprocessors targeted at low-cost Personal computer, personal computers, manufactured by Intel from 1998 until 2023. The first Celeron-branded CPU was introduced on April 15, ...

Tualatin-256 – 2001-10-02 * Intel

Pentium M The Pentium M is a family of mobile 32-bit single-core x86 microprocessors (with the modified Intel P6 (microarchitecture), P6 microarchitecture) introduced in March 2003 and forming a part of the Intel Centrino#Carmel platform (2003), Carmel no ...

Banias Banias (; ; Judeo-Aramaic, Medieval Hebrew: , etc.; ), also spelled Banyas, is a site in the Golan Heights near a natural spring, once associated with the Greek god Pan. It had been inhabited for 2,000 years, until its Syrian population fle ...

– 2003-03-12 * Intel

Pentium 4 Pentium 4 is a series of single-core central processing unit, CPUs for Desktop computer, desktops, laptops and entry-level Server (computing), servers manufactured by Intel. The processors were shipped from November 20, 2000 until August 8, 20 ...

Northwood- 2002-01-07 * Intel

Northwood-128 – 2002-09-18 * Intel

Xeon Xeon (; ) is a brand of x86 microprocessors designed, manufactured, and marketed by Intel, targeted at the non-consumer workstation, server, and embedded markets. It was introduced in June 1998. Xeon processors are based on the same archite ...

Prestonia and Gallatin – 2002-02-25 *

VIA C3 The VIA C3 is a family of x86 central processing units for personal computers designed by Centaur Technology and sold by VIA Technologies. The different CPU cores are built following the design methodology of Centaur Technology. In addition to ...

– 2001 * AMD

Athlon XP AMD Athlon is the brand name applied to a series of x86-compatible microprocessors designed and manufactured by Advanced Micro Devices. The original Athlon (now called Athlon Classic) was the first seventh-generation x86 processor and the fi ...

Thoroughbred, Thorton, and Barton * AMD Athlon MP Thoroughbred – 2002-08-27 * AMD Athlon XP-M Thoroughbred, Barton, and Dublin * AMD

Duron Duron is a line of budget x86-compatible microprocessors manufactured by Advanced Micro Devices, AMD and released on June 19, 2000. Duron was intended to be a lower-cost offering to complement AMD's then mainstream performance Athlon process ...

Applebred – 2003-08-21 * AMD K7

Sempron Sempron has been the marketing name used by AMD for several different budget desktop CPUs, using several different technologies and CPU socket formats. The Sempron replaced the AMD Duron processor and competed against Intel's Celeron#Celeron D (Pr ...

Thoroughbred-B, Thorton, and Barton – 2004-07-28 * AMD K8

Paris – 2004-07-28 * AMD

Athlon 64 The Athlon 64 is a ninth-generation, AMD64-architecture microprocessor produced by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), released on September 23, 2003. It is the third processor to bear the name ''Athlon'', and the immediate successor to the Athlon XP. ...

Clawhammer and Newcastle – 2003-09-23 * AMD

Opteron Opteron is AMD's x86 former server and workstation Microprocessor, processor line, and was the first processor which supported the AMD64 instruction set architecture (known generically as x86-64). It was released on April 22, 2003, with the ''Sl ...

Sledgehammer – 2003-06-30 *

Elbrus 2000 The Elbrus 2000 (or e2k; ) is a Russian 512-bit wide VLIW microprocessor developed by Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies (MCST) and fabricated by TSMC. It supports two instruction set architectures (ISA): Elbrus VLIW and Intel x86 (a compl ...

1891ВМ4Я (1891VM4YA) – 2008-04-2

*

MCST-R500S The MCST R500S () is a 32-bit system-on-a-chip, developed by Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies (MCST) and fabricated by TSMC. MCST R500S Highlights *implements the SPARC V8 instruction set architecture (ISA) *dual-core *the two cores can work i ...

1891BM3 – 2008-07-2

* Vortex 86SX �

Commercial products using nano-scale MOSFETs

Chips using 90 nm manufacturing technology

* Sony–Toshiba

+ PlayStation 2 technical specifications, Graphics Synthesizer (

) – 2003 * IBM

PowerPC G5 970FX The PowerPC 970, PowerPC 970FX, and PowerPC 970MP are 64-bit PowerPC CPUs from IBM introduced in 2002. Apple branded the 970 as PowerPC G5 for its Power Mac G5. Having created the PowerPC architecture in the early 1990s via the AIM alliance, th ...

– 2004 *

Elpida Memory Micron Memory Japan, K.K. is a Japanese subsidiary of Micron Technology. It was formerly known as established in 1999 that developed, designed, manufactured and sold dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) products. It was also a semiconductor found ...

's 90 nm DDR2 SDRAM process – 2005 * IBM PowerPC G5 970MP – 2005 * IBM PowerPC G5 970GX – 2005 * IBM Waternoose Xbox 360 Processor – 2005 * IBM–Sony–Toshiba

Cell processor The Cell Broadband Engine (Cell/B.E.) is a 64-bit multi-core processor and microarchitecture developed by Sony, Toshiba, and IBM—an alliance known as "STI". It combines a general-purpose PowerPC core, called the Power Processing Element (PPE), ...

– 2005 * Intel

Prescott – 2004-02 * Intel

D Prescott-256 – 2004-05 * Intel

Dothan – 2004-05 * Intel

M Dothan-1024 – 2004-08 * Intel

Nocona, Irwindale, Cranford, Potomac, Paxville – 2004-06 * Intel

Pentium D Pentium D is a range of desktop 64-bit x86-64 processors based on the NetBurst microarchitecture, which is the Multi-core processor, dual-core variant of the Pentium 4 manufactured by Intel. Each CPU comprised two cores. The brand's first process ...

Smithfield – 2005-05 * AMD

Winchester, Venice, San Diego, Orleans – 2004-10 * AMD

Athlon 64 X2 The Athlon 64 X2 is the first native dual-core desktop central processing unit (CPU) designed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). It was designed from scratch as native dual-core by using an already multi-CPU enabled Athlon 64, joining it with anoth ...

Manchester, Toledo, Windsor – 2005-05 * AMD

Palermo and Manila – 2004-08 * AMD

Turion 64 AMD Turion is the brand name AMD applies to its x86-64 low-power consumption mobile processors codenamed ''K8L''. The Turion 64 and Turion 64 X2/Ultra processors compete with Intel's mobile processors, initially the '' Pentium M'' and the In ...

Lancaster and Richmond – 2005-03 * AMD

Turion 64 X2 AMD Turion is the brand name AMD applies to its x86-64 low-power consumption mobile processors codenamed ''K8L''. The Turion 64 and Turion 64 X2/Ultra processors compete with Intel Corporation, Intel's mobile processors, initially the ''Pentium ...

Taylor and Trinidad – 2006-05 * AMD

Venus, Troy, and Athens – 2005-08 * AMD Dual-core

Denmark, Italy, Egypt, Santa Ana, and Santa Rosa *

VIA C7 The VIA C7 is an x86 central processing unit designed by Centaur Technology and sold by VIA Technologies. Product history The C7 delivers a number of improvements to the older VIA C3 cores but is nearly identical to the latest VIA C3 Nehemiah ...

– 2005-05 * Loongson (Godson) 2Е STLS2E02 – 2007-04 * Loongson (Godson) 2F STLS2F02 – 2008-07 *

MCST-4R The MCST R1000 () is a 64-bit microprocessor developed by Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies (MCST) and fabricated by MCST. During development this microprocessor was designated as MCST-4R. MCST R1000 Highlights *implements the SPARC V9 instruct ...

– 2010-12 *

Elbrus-2C+ Elbrus-2S+ () is a multi-core microprocessor based on the Elbrus 2000 architecture developed by Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies (MCST). There are multiple reports regarding the evolution of this technology for the purpose of import substi ...

– 2011-11

Processors using 65 nm manufacturing technology

* Sony–Toshiba EE+ GS (

PStwo The PlayStation 2 (PS2) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It was first released in Japan on 4 March 2000, in North America on 26 October, in Europe on 24 November, in Australia on 30 November, ...

) – 2005 * Intel

(Cedar Mill) – 2006-01-16 * Intel

900-series – 2006-01-16 * Intel

Celeron D Celeron is a series of IA-32 and x86-64 computer microprocessors targeted at low-cost personal computers, manufactured by Intel from 1998 until 2023. The first Celeron-branded CPU was introduced on April 15, 1998, and was based on the Pentium ...

(Cedar Mill cores) – 2006-05-28 *

Intel Core Intel Core is a line of multi-core (with the exception of Core Solo and Core 2 Solo) central processing units (CPUs) for midrange, embedded, workstation, high-end and enthusiast computer markets marketed by Intel Corporation. These processors ...

– 2006-01-05 * Intel

Core 2 Intel Core 2 is a processor family encompassing a range of Intel's mainstream 64-bit x86-64 single-, dual-, and quad-core microprocessors based on the Core microarchitecture. The single- and dual-core models are single- die, whereas the quad-c ...

– 2006-07-27 * Intel

( Sossaman) – 2006-03-14 * AMD

series (starting from Lima) – 2007-02-20 * AMD

series (starting from Tyler) – 2007-05-07 * AMD

Phenom Phenom may refer to: * AMD Phenom, the 64-bit AMD desktop processor line based on the K10 microarchitecture ** Phenom II, a family of AMD's multi-core 45 nm processors using the AMD K10 microarchitecture * Phenom (electron microscope), a fast elec ...

series * IBM's

Cell Processor The Cell Broadband Engine (Cell/B.E.) is a 64-bit multi-core processor and microarchitecture developed by Sony, Toshiba, and IBM—an alliance known as "STI". It combines a general-purpose PowerPC core, called the Power Processing Element (PPE), ...

–

PlayStation 3 The PlayStation 3 (PS3) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). It is the successor to the PlayStation 2, and both are part of the PlayStation brand of consoles. The PS3 was first released on ...

– 2007-11-17 * IBM's z10 * Microsoft Xbox 360 "Falcon" CPU – 2007–09 * Microsoft Xbox 360 "Opus" CPU – 2008 * Microsoft Xbox 360 "Jasper" CPU – 2008–10 * Microsoft Xbox 360 "Jasper" GPU – 2008–10 * Sun

UltraSPARC T2 Sun Microsystems' UltraSPARC T2 microprocessor is a multithreading, multi-core CPU. It is a member of the SPARC family, and the successor to the UltraSPARC T1. The chip is sometimes referred to by its codename, Niagara 2. Sun started selling ...

– 2007–10 * AMD

Turion Ultra AMD Turion is the brand name AMD applies to its x86-64 low-power consumption mobile processors codenamed ''K8L''. The Turion 64 and Turion 64 X2/Ultra processors compete with Intel's mobile processors, initially the ''Pentium M'' and the Intel ...

– 2008-06 * TI

OMAP 3 OMAP (Open Multimedia Applications Platform) is a family of image/video processors that was developed by Texas Instruments. They are proprietary system on chips (SoCs) for portable and mobile multimedia applications. OMAP devices generally incl ...

Family – 2008-02 *

VIA Nano The VIA Nano (formerly Code name#Commercial code names in the computer industry, code-named VIA Isaiah) is a 64-bit CPU for personal computers. The VIA Nano was released by VIA Technologies in 2008 after five years of development by its CPU di ...

– 2008-05 *

Loongson Loongson () is the name of a family of general-purpose, MIPS architecture-compatible, later in-house LoongArch architecture central processing unit, microprocessors, as well as the name of the Chinese Fabless manufacturing, fabless company (Loo ...

– 2009 *

NVIDIA Nvidia Corporation ( ) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and incorporated in Delaware. Founded in 1993 by Jensen Huang (president and CEO), Chris Malachowsky, and Curti ...

GeForce 8800GT GPU – 2007

Processors using 45 nm technology

* Matsushita released the 45 nm Uniphier in 2007. * Wolfdale,

Yorkfield Yorkfield is the code name for some Intel processors sold as Core 2 Quad and Xeon. In Intel's Tick-Tock cycle, the 2007/2008 "Tick" was Penryn microarchitecture, the shrink of the Core microarchitecture to 45 nanometers as CPUID model 23, repl ...

, Yorkfield XE and Penryn are Intel cores sold under the

brand. *

Intel Core i7 Intel Core is a line of multi-core (with the exception of Core Solo and Core 2 Solo) central processing units (CPUs) for midrange, embedded, workstation, high-end and enthusiast computer markets marketed by Intel Corporation. These processors ...

series processors, i5 750 ( Lynnfield and Clarksfield) *

Pentium Dual-Core The Pentium Dual-Core brand was used for mainstream x86-architecture microprocessors from Intel from 2006 to 2009, when it was renamed to Pentium. The processors are based on either the 32-bit '' Yonah'' or (with quite different microarchitectu ...

Wolfdale-3M are current Intel mainstream dual core sold under the

brand. * Diamondville, Pineview are current Intel cores with hyper-threading sold under the

Intel Atom Intel Atom is a line of IA-32 and x86-64 instruction set ultra-low-voltage processors by Intel Corporation designed to reduce electric consumption and power dissipation in comparison with ordinary processors of the Intel Core series. Atom is m ...

brand. *

Deneb (

Phenom II Phenom II is a family of AMD's multi-core 45 nm central processing unit, processors using the AMD K10 microarchitecture, succeeding the original AMD Phenom, Phenom. Advanced Micro Devices released the Socket AM2+ version of Phenom II in Dece ...

) and Shanghai (

) Quad-Core Processors, Regor (

Athlon II Athlon II is a family of AMD multi-core 45 nm central processing units, which is aimed at the budget to mid-range market and is a complementary product lineup to the Phenom II. Features The Athlon II series is based on the AMD K10 architec ...

) dual core processor

Caspian ( AMD Turion#Turion II Ultra, Turion II) mobile dual core processors. *

(

) "Thuban" Six-Core Processor (1055T) *

Xenon Xenon is a chemical element; it has symbol Xe and atomic number 54. It is a dense, colorless, odorless noble gas found in Earth's atmosphere in trace amounts. Although generally unreactive, it can undergo a few chemical reactions such as the ...

in the

Xbox 360 The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft. As the successor to the Xbox (console), original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox#Consoles, Xbox series. It was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detail ...

S model. * Sony–Toshiba

Cell Broadband Engine The Cell Broadband Engine (Cell/B.E.) is a 64-bit multi-core processor and microarchitecture developed by Sony, Toshiba, and IBM—an alliance known as "STI". It combines a general-purpose PowerPC core, called the Power Processing Element (PPE), ...

PlayStation 3 Slim The PlayStation 3 (PS3) is a home video game console developed and marketed by Sony Computer Entertainment (SCE). It is the successor to the PlayStation 2, and both are part of the PlayStation brand of consoles. The PS3 was first released on ...

model – September 2009. *

Samsung Samsung Group (; stylised as SΛMSUNG) is a South Korean Multinational corporation, multinational manufacturing Conglomerate (company), conglomerate headquartered in the Samsung Town office complex in Seoul. The group consists of numerous a ...

S5PC110, as known as ''Hummingbird''. *

Texas Instruments Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) is an American multinational semiconductor company headquartered in Dallas, Texas. It is one of the top 10 semiconductor companies worldwide based on sales volume. The company's focus is on developing analog ...

OMAP OMAP (Open Multimedia Applications Platform) is a family of image processor, image/video processors that was developed by Texas Instruments. They are proprietary system on chips (SoCs) for portable and mobile multimedia application software, ap ...

36xx. *

POWER7 POWER7 is a family of superscalar multi-core microprocessors based on the Power ISA 2.06 instruction set architecture released in 2010 that succeeded the POWER6 and POWER6+. POWER7 was developed by IBM at several sites including IBM's Rochest ...

and z196 * Fujitsu

SPARC64 VIIIfx The SPARC64 V (''Zeus'') is a SPARC V9 microprocessor designed by Fujitsu. The SPARC64 V was the basis for a series of successive processors designed for servers, and later, supercomputers. The servers series are the SPARC64 V+, VI, VI+, VII, ...

series *

Espresso (microprocessor) Espresso is the codename of the 32-bit central processing unit (CPU) used in Nintendo's Wii U video game console. It was designed by IBM, and was produced using a 45 nm silicon-on-insulator process. The Espresso chip resides together with a GP ...

Wii U The Wii U ( ) is a home video game console developed by Nintendo as the successor to the Wii. Released in late 2012, it is the first eighth-generation video game console and competed with Microsoft's Xbox One and Sony's PlayStation 4. The W ...

CPU

Chips using 32 nm technology

produced commercial 32 Gb

memory chips with the 32nm process in 2009. * Intel Core i3 and i5 processors, released in January 2010 * Intel 6-core processor, codenamed

Gulftown Gulftown or Westmere-E is the codename of an up to six-core hyperthreaded Intel processor able to run up to 12 threads in parallel. It is based on Westmere microarchitecture, the 32 nm shrink of Nehalem. Originally rumored to be called the Int ...

* Intel i7-970, was released in late July 2010, priced at approximately US$900 * AMD FX Series processors, codenamed Zambezi and based on AMD's

Bulldozer A bulldozer or dozer (also called a crawler) is a large tractor equipped with a metal #Blade, blade at the front for pushing material (soil, sand, snow, rubble, or rock) during construction work. It travels most commonly on continuous tracks, ...

architecture, were released in October 2011. The technology used a 32 nm SOI process, two CPU cores per module, and up to four modules, ranging from a quad-core design costing approximately US$130 to a $280 eight-core design. *

Ambarella Inc. Ambarella, Inc. is an American fabless semiconductor design company, focusing on low-power, high-definition ( HD) and Ultra HD video compression, image processing, and computer vision processors. Ambarella's products are used in a wide variety o ...

announced the availability of the A7L

system-on-a-chip A system on a chip (SoC) is an integrated circuit that combines most or all key components of a computer or electronic system onto a single microchip. Typically, an SoC includes a central processing unit (CPU) with memory, input/output, and dat ...

circuit for digital still cameras, providing

1080p60 1080p (1920 × 1080 progressively displayed pixels; also known as Full HD or FHD, and BT.709) is a set of HDTV high-definition video modes characterized by 1,920 pixels displayed across the screen horizontally and 1,080 pixels down the scree ...

high-definition video capabilities in September 2011

Chips using 24–28 nm technology

SK Hynix SK Hynix Inc. () is a South Korean supplier of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) chips and flash memory chips. SK Hynix is one of the world's largest semiconductor vendors. Founded as Hyundai Electronics in 1983, SK Hynix was integrated into ...

announced that it could produce a 26 nm flash chip with 64 Gb capacity; Intel Corp. and Micron Technology had by then already developed the technology themselves. Announced in 2010. *

announced that it was shipping 24 nm flash memory NAND devices on August 31, 2010. *In 2016

MCST MCST (, acronym for Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies) is a Russian microprocessor company that was set up in 1992. Different types of processors made by MCST were used in personal computers, servers and computing systems. MCST develops micro ...

's 28 nm processor Elbrus-8S went for serial production.

Chips using 22 nm technology

i7 and Intel Core i5 processors based on Intel's Ivy Bridge 22 nm technology for series 7 chip-sets went on sale worldwide on April 23, 2012.

Chips using 20 nm technology

Samsung Electronics Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SEC; stylized as SΛMSUNG; ) is a South Korean multinational major appliance and consumer electronics corporation founded on 13 January 1969 and headquartered in Yeongtong District, Suwon, South Korea. It is curr ...

began mass production of 64 Gb

memory chips using a 20 nm process in 2010. *

Nvidia Nvidia Corporation ( ) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, and incorporated in Delaware. Founded in 1993 by Jensen Huang (president and CEO), Chris Malachowsky, and Curti ...

Tegra X1 Tegra is a system on a chip (SoC) series developed by Nvidia for mobile devices such as smartphones, personal digital assistants, and mobile Internet devices. The Tegra integrates an ARM architecture central processing unit (CPU), graphics pr ...

(

Nintendo Switch The is a video game console developed by Nintendo and released worldwide in most regions on March 3, 2017. Released in the middle of the Eighth generation of video game consoles, eighth generation of home consoles, the Switch succeeded the ...

and

Nvidia Shield TV The Nvidia Shield TV (Shield Android TV or just Nvidia Shield) is an Android TV-based digital media player produced by Nvidia as part of its Shield brand of Android devices. First released in May 2015, the Shield was initially marketed by Nvid ...

)

Chips using 16 nm technology

TSMC Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Limited (TSMC or Taiwan Semiconductor) is a Taiwanese multinational semiconductor contract manufacturing and design company. It is one of the world's most valuable semiconductor companies, the world' ...

first began 16nm

FinFET A fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) is a multigate device, a MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) built on a substrate where the gate is placed on two, three, or four sides of the channel or wrapped around the chann ...

chip production in 2013. *

Tegra X1+ (later

and

models)

Chips using 14 nm technology

i7 and Intel Core i5 processors based on Intel's Broadwell 14 nm technology was launched in January 2015. *

AMD Ryzen Ryzen ( ) is a brand of multi-core x86-64 microprocessors, designed and marketed by AMD for desktop, mobile, server, and embedded platforms, based on the Zen microarchitecture. It consists of central processing units (CPUs) marketed for mains ...

processors based on AMD's

Zen Zen (; from Chinese: ''Chán''; in Korean: ''Sŏn'', and Vietnamese: ''Thiền'') is a Mahayana Buddhist tradition that developed in China during the Tang dynasty by blending Indian Mahayana Buddhism, particularly Yogacara and Madhyamaka phil ...

or Zen+ architectures and which uses 14 nm

technology.

Chips using 10 nm technology

announced that it had begun

mass production Mass production, also known as mass production, series production, series manufacture, or continuous production, is the production of substantial amounts of standardized products in a constant flow, including and especially on assembly lines ...

multi-level cell In electronics, a multi-level cell (MLC) is a memory cell (computing), memory cell capable of storing more than a single bit of information, compared to a single-level cell (SLC), which can store only one bit per memory cell. A memory cell typical ...

(MLC)

chips using a 10nm process in 2013. On 17 October 2016,

announced mass production of

SoC SOC, SoC, Soc, may refer to: Science and technology * Information security operations center, in an organization, a centralized unit that deals with computer security issues * Selectable output control * Separation of concerns, a program design pr ...

chips at 10 nm. *

began commercial production of 10 nm chips in early 2016, before moving onto mass production in early 2017. * Samsung began shipping

Galaxy S8 The Samsung Galaxy S8 and Samsung Galaxy S8+ are Android smartphones produced by Samsung Electronics as the eighth generation of the Samsung Galaxy S series. The S8 and S8+ were unveiled on 29 March 2017 and directly succeeded the Samsung Gal ...

smartphone in April 2017 using the company's 10 nm processor. *

Apple An apple is a round, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus'' spp.). Fruit trees of the orchard or domestic apple (''Malus domestica''), the most widely grown in the genus, are agriculture, cultivated worldwide. The tree originated ...

delivered second-generation

iPad Pro The iPad Pro is a series of tablet computers, positioned as the premium line of Apple Inc., Apple's iPad brand. It runs iPadOS, a tablet-optimized Fork (software development), fork of the iOS operating system. Early models were distinguished f ...

tablets powered with TSMC-produced

Apple A10X The Apple A10X Fusion is a 64-bit ARM-based system on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., part of the Apple silicon series, and manufactured by TSMC. It first appeared in the 10.5" iPad Pro and the second-generation 12.9" iPad Pro which were b ...

chips using the 10 nm FinFET process in June 2017.

Chips using 7 nm technology

* TSMC began risk production of 256 Mbit SRAM memory chips using a 7 nm process in April 2017. * Samsung and TSMC began mass production of 7 nm devices in 2018.TSMC ramping up 7nm chip production
Monica Chen, Hsinchu; Jessie Shen, DIGITIMES Friday 22 June 2018 *

Apple A12 The Apple A12 Bionic is a 64-bit ARM-based system on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., part of the Apple silicon series, It first appeared in the iPhone XS and XS Max, iPhone XR, iPad Air (3rd generation), iPad Mini (5th generation), iPad ...

and

Huawei Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. ("Huawei" sometimes stylized as "HUAWEI"; ; zh, c=华为, p= ) is a Chinese multinational corporationtechnology company in Longgang, Shenzhen, Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong. Its main product lines include teleco ...

Kirin 980 mobile processors, both released in 2018, use 7 nm chips manufactured by TSMC. *AMD began using TSMC 7 nm starting with the Vega 20 GPU in November 2018, with Zen 2-based CPUs and APUs from July 2019, and for both PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S consoles' APUs, released both in November 2020.

Chips using 5 nm technology

* Samsung began production of 5 nm chips (5LPE) in late 2018. * TSMC began production of 5 nm chips (CLN5FF) in April 2019.

Chips using 3 nm technology

have announced plans to release 3nm devices during 2021–2022. *

have begun risk production of 3 nm GAAFET transistors in June 2022. *

A17 Pro The Apple A17 Pro is a 64-bit ARM-based system on a chip (SoC) designed by Apple Inc., part of the Apple silicon series, and manufactured by TSMC. It is used in the iPhone 15 Pro, iPhone 15 Pro Max, and iPad Mini (7th generation) models and i ...

(

iPhone 15 Pro The iPhone 15 Pro and iPhone 15 Pro Max are smartphones that were developed and marketed by Apple Inc. They are the seventeenth-generation flagship iPhones, succeeding the iPhone 14 Pro and 14 Pro Max. The devices were unveiled alongside the ...

)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:List of semiconductor scale examples International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors lithography nodes MOSFETs

Timeline of MOSFET demonstrations

PMOS and NMOS

CMOS (single-gate)

Multi-gate MOSFET (MuGFET)

Other types of MOSFET

Commercial products using micro-scale MOSFETs

Products featuring 20 μm manufacturing process

Products featuring 10 μm manufacturing process

Products featuring 8 μm manufacturing process

Products featuring 6 μm manufacturing process

Products featuring 3 μm manufacturing process

Products featuring 1.5 μm manufacturing process

Products featuring 1 μm manufacturing process

Products featuring 800 nm manufacturing process

Products featuring 600 nm manufacturing process

Products featuring 350 nm manufacturing process

Products featuring 250 nm manufacturing process

Processors using 180 nm manufacturing technology

Processors using 130 nm manufacturing technology

Commercial products using nano-scale MOSFETs

Chips using 90 nm manufacturing technology

Processors using 65 nm manufacturing technology

Processors using 45 nm technology

Chips using 32 nm technology

Chips using 24–28 nm technology

Chips using 22 nm technology

Chips using 20 nm technology

Chips using 16 nm technology

Chips using 14 nm technology

Chips using 10 nm technology

Chips using 7 nm technology

Chips using 5 nm technology

Chips using 3 nm technology

See also

References