On March 16, 2022, at 23:36
JST, a strong
earthquake
An earthquakealso called a quake, tremor, or tembloris the shaking of the Earth's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from those so weak they ...
struck off the coast of
Fukushima,
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
.
The
earthquake had a magnitude of 7.4 according to the
Japanese Meteorological Agency
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA; ''気象庁, Kishō-chō'') is a division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism dedicated to the scientific observation and research of natural phenomena. Headquartered in Minato, ...
(JMA), while the
United States Geological Survey
The United States Geological Survey (USGS), founded as the Geological Survey, is an agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior whose work spans the disciplines of biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The agency was founded on Mar ...
(USGS) gave an estimate of 7.3. Immediately after the event a 30cm
tsunami
A tsunami ( ; from , ) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and underwater explosions (including detonations, ...
was reported. The event is known in Japanese as . As a result of this
natural disaster
A natural disaster is the very harmful impact on a society or community brought by natural phenomenon or Hazard#Natural hazard, hazard. Some examples of natural hazards include avalanches, droughts, earthquakes, floods, heat waves, landslides ...
, four people died and 247 were injured.
Tectonic setting

The
Pacific plate, made of oceanic lithosphere, subducts beneath the
Okhotsk microplate along a convergent boundary located off the east coast of the northern half of Japan. It runs from the
Boso triple junction and ends near
Hokkaido
is the list of islands of Japan by area, second-largest island of Japan and comprises the largest and northernmost prefectures of Japan, prefecture, making up its own list of regions of Japan, region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō fr ...
, where it joins the
Kuril–Kamchatka Trench
The Kuril–Kamchatka Trench or Kuril Trench (, ''Kurilo-Kamchatskii Zhyolob'') is an oceanic trench in the northwest Pacific Ocean. It lies off the southeast coast of Kamchatka and parallels the Kuril Island chain to meet the Japan Trench eas ...
. At this location, the Pacific plate moves approximately westward relative to the North American plate at a velocity of 70 mm/yr, subducting beneath Japan at the
Japan Trench
The Japan Trench is an oceanic trench part of the Pacific Ring of Fire off northeast Japan. It extends from the Kuril Islands to the northern end of the Izu Islands, and is at its deepest. It links the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench to the north and ...
. This subduction zone can produce megathrust earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 8.5, as evident in historical records. It was on the subduction interface where the
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
On 11 March 2011, at 14:46:24 Japan Standard Time, JST (05:46:24 UTC), a 9.0–9.1 Submarine earthquake, undersea megathrust earthquake occurred in the Pacific Ocean, east of the Oshika Peninsula of the Tōhoku region. It lasted approx ...
nucleated. That event involved a rupture of 220 × 400 km on the subduction zone.
The 2022 earthquake coincidentally occurred near the dates of the first anniversaries of the February
2021 Fukushima and
March 2021 Miyagi earthquake
On March 20, 2021, at 18:09 JST (09:09 UTC). The magnitude 6.9 or 7.0 earthquake struck offshore east of Tōhoku, Japan at a depth of to . It had a maximum JMA intensity of ''Shindo'' 5+ while on the Mercalli intensity scale, it earned a ...
s besides being just five days after the eleventh anniversary of the aforementioned megaquake. An analysis of the February 2021 earthquake suggest reverse faulting within the downgoing Pacific plate beneath the subduction interface. Japanese scientists said that the quake ruptured along a 45 km-long, north–south striking fault that dips towards the east.
Earthquake

According to the JMA, the earthquake had a magnitude of 7.4 and struck at a depth of 57 km. The USGS stated that the quake had an of 7.3 at a depth of 41.0 km.
It was preceded by a 6.0
foreshock
A foreshock is an earthquake that occurs before a larger seismic eventthe mainshockand is related to it in both time and space. The designation of an earthquake as ''foreshock'', ''mainshock'' or aftershock is only possible after the full sequenc ...
at a depth of 48.1 km.
The foreshock also measured 6.1 by the JMA
and was recorded with a maximum intensity of ''Shindo'' 5-.
This shallow-focus earthquake occurred as a result of
reverse fault
In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements. Large faults within Earth's crust result from the action of plate tectonic f ...
ing at a depth of 57 or 63.1 km within the Pacific plate.
The
focal mechanism
The focal mechanism of an earthquake describes the Fault (geology)#Slip.2C heave.2C throw, deformation in the Hypocenter, source region that generates the seismic waves. In the case of a Fault (geology), fault-related event, it refers to the ori ...
by the USGS suggest it occurred on a plane striking north northeast–south southwest.
The USGS added that earthquakes of reverse mechanism with similar magnitudes are usually the result of
rupture
Rupture may refer to:
General
* Rupture (engineering), a failure of tough ductile materials loaded in tension
Anatomy and medicine
* Abdominal hernia, formerly referred to as "a rupture"
* Achilles tendon rupture
* Rupture of membranes, a "water ...
on a fault plane measuring 55 km × 30 km in size.
A finite fault model by the USGS indicate the main rupture patch was an oval-shaped area situated at a depth of 50–70 km (40 × 20 km
2). It produced a maximum slip of 1.9 meters.
A source process analysis of
body waves indicate:
*The mainshock ruptured an area measuring along the strike direction and along the dip direction.
*Most of the slip occurred near the hypocenter, initiation of the rupture. The maximum slip was .
*The rupture occurred over a period of 20 seconds.
Based on
seismic inversion
In geophysics (primarily in oil-and-gas exploration/development), seismic inversion is the process of transforming seismic reflection data into a quantitative rock-property description of a reservoir. Seismic inversion may be pre- or post- stack, ...
using strong motion data, the seismic moment was calculated to be 1.3×10
20 Nm, corresponding to a moment magnitude of 7.4. The greatest slip occurred north of the hypocenter, measuring .
The earthquake may have been an
aftershock of the disastrous 2011 earthquake. According to an official from the JMA, the quake had an epicenter very close to that of another earthquake in
February 2021, and there may be a link between the two. Although the 2021 event was considered an aftershock, the large time span after 2011 has made determining it difficult. Determining whether the 2022 quake was an aftershock was also challenging as the earthquake had a different mechanism of faulting.
The earthquake differs from the 2011 event in that the 2022 quake may have occurred within the subducting Pacific plate while the 2011 event occurred on the boundary between the Pacific and Okhotsk plates.
It is thought that earthquakes of magnitude 7.0–7.5 are expected to occur off the coast every 40 years, even after the 2011 earthquake aftershocks sequence have ended.
It was estimated prior to the occurrence of the earthquake, that there was a 60–70% chance that a magnitude 7.0–7.5 earthquake could occur within the Pacific plate as it subducts beneath the Tōhoku region. After the 2011 earthquake, the chances of earthquakes of a similar origin have increased.
According to
seismologist
Seismology (; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (''seismós'') meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (''-logía'') meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic ...
s, the earthquake formed part of a sequence of three large events, including the
April 2011 and February 2021 earthquakes. The epicenter of the 2022 earthquake occurred just 7 km to the southwest of the 2021 shock. While the 2021 shock ruptured in a southernly direction along a 45 km fault, the 2022 shock ruptured northwards along a fault twice as large. The two shocks have been categorized as a
doublet earthquake
__NOTOC__
In seismology, doublet earthquakes – and more generally, multiplet earthquakes – were originally identified as multiple earthquakes with nearly identical waveforms originating from the same location. They are now characterized as dist ...
due to their close location, timing of occurrence, and magnitude. A
seismic gap A seismic gap is a segment of an active fault known to produce significant earthquakes that has not slipped in an unusually long time, compared with other segments along the same structure. There is a hypothesis or theory that states that over long ...
exists between the northern extent of the 2022 shock and the southern extent of the 2011 shock.
Coulomb stress transfer Coulomb stress transfer is a Seismology, seismic-related geology, geological process of Stress (mechanics), stress changes to surrounding material caused by local discrete deformation events. Using mapped displacements of the Earth's surface during ...
inferred from calculations showed that the gap off of the Central Miyagi coast has been increasingly stressed and is the likely source for a future rupture.
Positioning stations around northern Honshu found small
crustal deformation
Orogeny () is a mountain-building process that takes place at a convergent plate margin when plate motion compresses the margin. An or develops as the compressed plate crumples and is uplifted to form one or more mountain ranges. This involv ...
following the earthquake. Observation points located at Ishinomaki and on the
Oshika Peninsula
The also pronounced "Ojika" is a peninsula which projects southeast into the Pacific Ocean from the coast of Miyagi Prefecture in northeast Honshu, the main island of Japan.
The peninsula is most often visited as the gateway to the island of Kin ...
were displaced 3 cm to the north. In the areas of Sendai and northern Fukushima, the crust moved 1 cm east, closer to the epicenter. Meanwhile, in southern the crust moved 1 cm southwest.
An
earthquake light
An earthquake light also known as earthquake lightning or earthquake flash is a luminous optical phenomenon that appears in the sky at or near areas of tectonic stress, seismic activity, or volcanic eruptions. There is no broad consensus as to th ...
manifested in downtown Sendai, coinciding with a magnetic disturbance detected by a geomagnetic observatory in Kakioka,
Ibaraki Prefecture
is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Ibaraki Prefecture has a population of 2,828,086 (1 July 2023) and has a geographic area of . Ibaraki Prefecture borders Fukushima Prefecture to the north, ...
. Researchers ruled out "the possibility of the flashes being caused by explosions in transformers or power supply facilities" by checking the maintenance reports of nearby power stations, none of which had malfunctioned within the field of view of two CCTV cameras that had recorded it.
Intensity
The
Japan Meteorological Agency
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA; ''気象庁, Kishō-chō'') is a division of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism dedicated to the Scientific, scientific observation and research of natural phenomena. Headquartered ...
stated that a maximum intensity of 6+ on the
JMA seismic intensity scale was recorded in Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures, while the USGS reported a maximum
Mercalli intensity of VIII (''Severe''). It was felt as far as the cities of
Nanao and
Aomori
, officially Aomori City (, ), is the capital Cities of Japan, city of Aomori Prefecture, in the Tōhoku region of Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 264,945 in 136,781 households, and a population density of 321 people per squa ...
.
The deep focal depth of the event, as well as its magnitude, resulted in strong shaking across the Tōhoku and Kantō regions.
The earthquake was felt as far north as
Hokkaido
is the list of islands of Japan by area, second-largest island of Japan and comprises the largest and northernmost prefectures of Japan, prefecture, making up its own list of regions of Japan, region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō fr ...
to the south in
Kyushu
is the third-largest island of Japan's Japanese archipelago, four main islands and the most southerly of the four largest islands (i.e. excluding Okinawa Island, Okinawa and the other Ryukyu Islands, Ryukyu (''Nansei'') Ryukyu Islands, Islands ...
with intensities of at least ''Shindo'' 1.
According to the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, a seismic intensity of close to ''Shindo'' 7 was recorded at Soma and Kunimi, Fukushima.
''Shindo'' 7 may have been recorded in Kunimi and Koori, both in Fukushima Prefecture.
A
peak ground acceleration
Peak ground acceleration (PGA) is equal to the maximum ground acceleration that occurred during earthquake shaking at a location. PGA is equal to the amplitude of the largest absolute acceleration recorded on an wikt:accelerogram, accelerogram at a ...
of 1,233
gal was recorded at Kawasaki, Miyagi.
Long period ground motion
Class IV was assigned to northern Miyagi on the JMA
long period ground motion
Long-period ground motion (LPGM) refers to seismic waves that occur during a seismic event, like an earthquake or nuclear explosion, that has a frequency typically defined as less than 1 Hertz (i.e. a period of more than 1 second). These long-perio ...
scale. Long period ground motions are felt on upper floors of tall buildings where the period of seismic waves resonate with a building's natural
resonance
Resonance is a phenomenon that occurs when an object or system is subjected to an external force or vibration whose frequency matches a resonant frequency (or resonance frequency) of the system, defined as a frequency that generates a maximu ...
. The effect is large short frequency movements on the top floors of buildings. Class IV intensity ground motion would make standing impossible. Ground motion of this type would cause unsecured furniture to fall over and crack partition walls.
Tsunami
A
tsunami
A tsunami ( ; from , ) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and underwater explosions (including detonations, ...
measuring 20 cm was recorded by the JMA at Ishinomaki Port, Miyagi at 00:29 local time.
It was followed by another wave measuring 30 cm at 02:14. At
Sendai Port, the tsunami measured 20 cm and arrived at 03:15.
In
Ōfunato
is a city located in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 35,452, and a population density of 110 persons per km2 in 14,895 households. The total area of the city is .
Geography
Ōfunato is located in southeastern ...
, a tsunami of 0.4 ft was detected.
The earthquake did not generate a large tsunami due to its deep depth, which caused little uplift of the seafloor and only generated small displacements of seawater.
Impact
Across the affected region, 217 buildings were completely destroyed, 4,556 others were severely damaged and 52,162 others suffered minor damage, with the vast majority of them in
Miyagi and
Fukushima Prefecture
is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Tōhoku region of Honshu. Fukushima Prefecture has a population of 1,771,100 () and has a geographic area of . Fukushima Prefecture borders Miyagi Prefecture and Yamagata Prefecture ...
s, with damage also occurring in five other prefectures.
In
Kunimi, a building collapsed, causing its roof to slide off and scatter roof tiles onto an adjacent empty lot. A vehicle was trapped underneath the fallen roof. A shrine in
Minamisōma
is a city located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 53,462 in 26,355 households, and a population density of 130 persons per km2. The total area of the city is .
Geography
Minamisōma is located in northea ...
sustained significant damage and partially collapsed. Shelves in offices toppled over. The exterior walls of some homes partially collapsed. Broken windows were also reported. In
Yabuki, the exterior walls and doors of a hotel were damaged.
A horse racing facility in
Fukushima City
is the capital city of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. It is located in the northern part of the Nakadōri, central region of the prefecture. , the city had an estimated population of 275,850 in 122,130 households and a population density of . The ...
suffered water leakage and damage to the walls. The
Japan Racing Association
The Japan Racing Association () is a public company established in Japan under a law to operate Chūō Keiba (中央競馬 Central horse racing) and to manage racecourses, betting facilities, and horse-training facilities in the country.
It was ...
stated that horse racing events in Fukushima City had to be cancelled as inspections were ongoing. The facility also suffered damage during the earthquake on February 13, 2021.
The Inari Shrine in the city was also affected; three stone lanterns restored following last year's earthquake were destroyed. Shattered glass and broken bricks were reported in the city center. Minor damage including cracked tiles and floods occurred at
Fukushima Station.
Part of a stone wall of the
Aoba Castle
260px, Layout of Aoba Castle
is a Japanese castle located in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture. Throughout the Edo period, Aoba Castle was home to the Date clan, ''daimyō'' of Sendai Domain. The castle was also known as or as . In 2003, the castle ...
in
Sendai
is the capital Cities of Japan, city of Miyagi Prefecture and the largest city in the Tōhoku region. , the city had a population of 1,098,335 in 539,698 households, making it the List of cities in Japan, twelfth most populated city in Japan.
...
's
Aoba Ward collapsed. The large statue of
Date Masamune
was a Japanese ''daimyō'' during the Azuchi–Momoyama period through the early Edo period. Heir to a long line of powerful feudal lords in the Tōhoku region, he went on to found the modern-day city of Sendai. An outstanding tactician, he w ...
at the same site was also damaged, with the statue being tilted to one side as a result. The ''White Cube'', a
concert hall
A concert hall is a cultural building with a stage (theatre), stage that serves as a performance venue and an auditorium filled with seats.
This list does not include other venues such as sports stadia, dramatic theatres or convention ...
and sports center in
Shiroishi suffered a partial collapse of its ceiling. Shattered glass and ceiling debris was scattered across the seats in the hall. The water supply system in the hall was also damaged.
In
Ichikawa, Chiba
file:Ichikawashiyakusyo.jpg, 240px, Ichikawa City Hall
is a city in western Chiba Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 492,749 in 256,229 households and a population density of 8577 persons per km2. The total area of the ci ...
, a house caught fire immediately after power was restored. It took approximately four hours for the 14 fire trucks involved to extinguish the flames.
In an agricultural area in
Yamagata City, Yamagata, a large drainage pipe was damaged and flooded, causing a section of road above it to collapse. A large
sinkhole
A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. The term is sometimes used to refer to doline, enclosed depressions that are also known as shakeholes, and to openings where surface water ...
formed in place of the road, flooded with water. Nearby commercial and agricultural facilities had slight damage. At least 47 homes temporarily lost access to water. In
Higashine
is a city located in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 47,910 in 17868 households, and a population density of 230 persons per km². The total area of the city is .
Geography
Located on the eastern shore of ...
, a shrine collapsed.
The
reported that there were 25 cases of people trapped in elevators in the
Greater Tokyo Area
The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world, consisting of the Kantō region of Japan (including Tokyo, Tokyo Metropolis and the prefectures of Chiba Prefecture, Chiba, Gunma Prefecture, Gunma, Ibaraki Prefecture, ...
.
There were three reports of people trapped in
elevator
An elevator (American English) or lift (Commonwealth English) is a machine that vertically transports people or freight between levels. They are typically powered by electric motors that drive traction cables and counterweight systems suc ...
s across Fukushima.
Another nine instances of people trapped in elevators was reported in Chiba, Kanagawa, Ibaraki and Saitama prefectures.
Schools
At least 344 schools across eleven prefectures sustained minor damage to walls and ceilings. In the prefectures of Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate, and Yamagata, 476 schools had closed. Meanwhile, in six prefectures, lesson hours in 15 schools were reduced.
Many schools in Fukushima had cracked walls and broken windows. Only a few schools had ruptured water pipes, water interruptions or collapsed ceilings.
Commercial business and industrial sector
A number of factories suspended operations following the event. A
Sapporo Breweries
is a Japanese beer brewing company founded in 1876. Sapporo, the oldest brand of beer in Japan, was first brewed in Sapporo, Hokkaido, in 1876 by Seibei Nakagawa. The world headquarters of Sapporo Breweries is in Ebisu, Shibuya, Tokyo. The co ...
factory in
Natori suspended
beer
Beer is an alcoholic beverage produced by the brewing and fermentation of starches from cereal grain—most commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize (corn), rice, and oats are also used. The grain is mashed to convert starch in the ...
production after damage to machines was reported. The warehouse in the factory complex also suffered a collapse, without any casualties. The company stated that shipments would experience delays due to the damage. The
Kirin Company
is a Japanese beer and beverage holding company. It is known for brands such as Kirin Beer, Kirin Lemon, Mets, and Gogo no Kōcha.
The predecessor of the company, the Japan Brewery Company, was founded in Yokohama in 1885 by William Henry Tal ...
factory in Sendai would also suspend beverage production to allow inspections of equipment. In
Motomiya
is a Cities of Japan, city located in north-central Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 30,401 in 10,680 households and a population density of 350 persons per km2. The total area of the city was . It is the sm ...
, the
Asahi Breweries
The is a Japanese beverage holding company headquartered in Sumida, Tokyo.
In 2019, the group had revenue of JPY 2.1 trillion. Asahi's business portfolio can be segmented as follows: Alcoholic drink, alcoholic beverage business (40.5%), over ...
also stopped production at its factory.
Four factories of
Murata Manufacturing
is a Japanese manufacturer of electronic components, based in Nagaokakyo, Kyoto. It produces ceramic passive electronic components, primarily capacitors, and has a majority marketshare worldwide in ceramic filters, high-frequency parts, and s ...
located in Fukushima and Miyagi were going through repair works on March 17. At the Tome factory, a fire caused some damage. Instances of water bursting from pipes caused significant damage at the company's Sendai, Honmiya and Koriyama factories. Three factories of
Sony
is a Japanese multinational conglomerate (company), conglomerate headquartered at Sony City in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. The Sony Group encompasses various businesses, including Sony Corporation (electronics), Sony Semiconductor Solutions (i ...
; two in Miyagi and one in Yamagata were closed for inspections. Only minor damage was found and operations were expected to resume soon. Productions at other factories belonging to companies including
Toyota
is a Japanese Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on August 28, 1937. Toyota is the List of manuf ...
,
Nissan
is a Japanese multinational Automotive industry, automobile manufacturer headquartered in Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. The company sells its vehicles under the ''Nissan'' and ''Infiniti'' brands, and formerly the ''Datsun'' brand, with in-house ...
,
Kioxia
Kioxia Holdings Corporation () is a Japanese multinational computer memory manufacturer headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The company was spun off from the Toshiba conglomerate in June 2018 and gained its current name in October 2019; it is curren ...
, and
Renesas Electronics
is a Japanese semiconductor manufacturer headquartered in Tokyo. The name "Renesas" is a contraction of "Renaissance Semiconductor for Advanced Solutions." The company was established in 2002 as Renesas Technology through the merger of the semi ...
were also impacted.
One of two fires reported in Saitama occurred at
Iwatsuki Ward involving a scrap facility. The fire was thought to have been caused by a battery igniting.
The
Onagawa fish market
A fish market is a marketplace for selling Fish as food, fish and fish products. It can be dedicated to wholesale trade between Fisherman, fishermen and fish merchants, or to the sale of seafood to individual consumers, or to both. Retail fish ma ...
experienced a small switchboard fire in a room, injuring one person. It is believed the switchboard may have came into contact with water leaking from ceiling pipes and started the fire.
Extensive material damage was done to store items and storage warehouses in Miyagi, Fukushima and Niigata. Delivery bases were temporarily evacuated due to the tsunami warnings and some goods were damaged. The closure of major highways delayed the delivery of items. An audio store in Sendai was flooded by the sprinklers activating. Other stores suffered caved-in ceilings and products falling off shelves. Due to safety concerns, stores conducted business at their entrances instead of allowing customers to enter.
Power outages
Major
power outage
A power outage, also called a blackout, a power failure, a power blackout, a power loss, a power cut, or a power out is the complete loss of the electrical power network supply to an end user.
There are many causes of power failures in an el ...
s occurred across the
Tōhoku and
Kantō region
The is a geography, geographical region of Honshu, the largest island of Japan. In a common definition, the region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures of Japan, prefectures: Chiba Prefecture, Chiba, Gunma Prefe ...
s. An estimated 2.2 million households from 13 prefectures and one metropolitan area were left without power.
TEPCO
is a Japanese electric utility holding company servicing Japan's Kantō region, Yamanashi Prefecture, and the eastern portion of Shizuoka Prefecture. This area includes Tokyo. Its headquarters are located in Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, and ...
reported 300,000 power outages as a result. An estimated 120,000 instances of power outages occurred in
Tokyo
Tokyo, officially the Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan, capital and List of cities in Japan, most populous city in Japan. With a population of over 14 million in the city proper in 2023, it is List of largest cities, one of the most ...
, 60,000 in
Kanagawa
is a Prefectures of Japan, prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of Honshu. Kanagawa Prefecture is the List of Japanese prefectures by population, second-most populous prefecture of Japan at 9,221,129 (1 April 2022) and third-dens ...
, and 50,000 in
Chiba prefectures. Meanwhile,
Tohoku Electric Power
is an electric utility, servicing 7.6 million individual and corporate customers in six prefectures in Tōhoku region plus Niigata Prefecture. It provides electricity at 100 V, 50 Hz, though some areas use 60 Hz.
Tohoku Electric Power ...
Co., Inc. (TEP) stated that approximately 153,200 power outages occurred, with 90,000 in Fukushima and 50,000 in Miyagi prefectures.
TEPCO was able to restore power to most households before sunrise on March 17, but at least 33,600 in Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures were still without power.
TEP stated that, at 10:55, an estimated 3,100 households in Miyagi and Fukushima were still without power. At least 2,100 of the affected units were in
Sōma, while 1,200 households were in
Tome. Several power plants working with TEP, including the
Haramachi Thermal Power Station and
Shin-Sendai Thermal Power Station have ceased operations and are expected to resume operations once safety inspections are complete.
Electrical outages led to the disruption of mobile phone services across Miyagi and Fukushima.
Power outages affected 29 cities in Saitama, including
Chichibu
is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 61,159 in 26,380 households and a population density of . The total area of the city is .
Geography
Chichibu is in the westernmost part of Saitama. Unlik ...
and
Kumagaya
is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 195,277 in 87,827 households and a population density of 1200 persons per km2. The total area of the city is .
Geography
Kumagaya is one of the largest cit ...
. TEPCO stated that the outages were caused by an activation of a safety mechanism at the
Hirono Thermal Power Station during the earthquake, which caused it to cease operations. This also affected other power plants and caused a regional blackout.
Transportation
A
Yamabiko
The is a high-speed Shinkansen train service operated on the Tōhoku Shinkansen between and by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Japan.
Name
The word ''yamabiko'' is usually translated as 'echo', particularly one which is heard in th ...
service on the
Tōhoku Shinkansen
The is a Japanese high-speed Shinkansen rail line that runs through the more sparsely populated Tōhoku region of Japan's main island, Honshu. Operated by the East Japan Railway Company, it links Tokyo in the south to Aomori in the north, with ...
derailed between
Fukushima Station and
Shiroishi-Zaō Station
is a railway station in the city of Shiroishi, Miyagi, Japan, operated by JR East.
Lines
Shiroishi-Zaō Station is served by the Tohoku Shinkansen high-speed line from Tokyo to , with one ''Yamabiko'' service stopping per hour (up to 2 or 3 tim ...
. Ninety-six passengers were on board at the time of the incident, and all passengers and crewmen were uninjured.
An overhead power line pillar on the Tōhoku line near the accident site was tilted and extensive damage was reported on the tracks where the train derailed. Across the Tōhoku line, at least 17 utility poles were severely deformed, with minor damage occurring on other sections of the line.
JR East
The is a major passenger railway company in Japan and the largest of the seven Japan Railways Group companies. The company name is officially abbreviated as JR-EAST or JR East in English, and as in Japanese. The company's headquarters are in ...
stated on the morning of March 17 that train services between
Nasushiobara Station and
Morioka Station
Morioka Station (, ) is a major railway station in Morioka, Iwate, Morioka, Iwate Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR East.
Lines
Morioka Station is a major junction station, and is where the Akita Shinkansen splits off from the Tōhoku Shi ...
on the
Tōhoku and
Hokkaido Shinkansen
The is a Japanese high-speed Shinkansen rail line that links up with the Tōhoku Shinkansen in northern Aomori Prefecture in Honshu and continues on into the interior of Hokkaido through the undersea Seikan Tunnel. Construction started in May ...
would be suspended until March 21 due to the derailment.
Shinkansen
The , colloquially known in English as the bullet train, is a network of high-speed railway lines in Japan. It was initially built to connect distant Japanese regions with Tokyo, the capital, to aid economic growth and development. Beyond lon ...
operations in
Yamagata and
Akita were suspended, while trains stopped operating on sections of the
Jōban,
Tōhoku Main and
Ōu Main lines.
Due to power outages, the
Hokuriku and
Jōetsu Shinkansen
The is a high-speed shinkansen railway line connecting Tokyo and Niigata, Japan, via the Tōhoku Shinkansen, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East). Despite its name, the line does not pass through the city of Jōetsu or the ...
s were also temporarily suspended. Services resumed at 01:30 on March 17.
In response to the suspension of railway services,
All Nippon Airways
(ANA) is a Japanese airline headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. ANA operates services to both domestic and international destinations and is Japan's largest airline, ahead of its main rival flag carrier Japan Airlines. the airline has approximate ...
and
Japan Airlines
Japan Airlines (JAL) is the flag carrier airline of Japan. JAL is headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo. Its main hubs are Tokyo's Narita International Airport, Narita and Haneda Airport, Haneda airports, as well as secondary hubs in Osaka's Kansai ...
flew special routes from Sendai and Fukushima airports to Haneda Airport temporarily.
A 100-meter-long crack and zone of uplift was observed on the
Tōhoku Expressway
The is a south-north national expressway, and the longest expressway in Japan at . Its southern terminus is in Kawaguchi, Saitama in the Greater Tokyo Area, at the Tokyo Gaikan Expressway and Kawaguchi Route near Araijuku Station, and its no ...
between the Shiroishi
interchange
Interchange may refer to:
Transport
* Interchange (road), a collection of ramps, exits, and entrances between two or more highways
* Interchange (freight rail), the transfer of freight cars between railroad companies
* Interchange station, a rai ...
and Kunimi toll stop. The crack was reportedly 30–50 cm across and up to 50 cm high in the uplifted areas. Two cars suffered punctured tires when they were driven over the cracks and wedged between. In
Miyagino-ku, Sendai
is the northeastern Wards of Japan, ward of the city Sendai, Miyagi, Sendai, in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. , the ward had a population of 196,086 and a population density of 3370 persons per km2 in 91322 households. The total area of the ward was ...
, a large fire broke out in a condominium. There were four instances of people trapped inside elevators across the prefecture.
The Tadamigawa Bridge over the
Abukuma River
The , with a length of , is the second longest river in the Tōhoku region of Japan and the 6th longest river in the country. It is designated as a Classification of rivers in Japan, Class A river.
It runs through Fukushima Prefecture and Miyagi P ...
in
Date
Date or dates may refer to:
* Date, the fruit of the date palm (''Phoenix dactylifera'')
* Jujube, also known as red date or Chinese date, the fruit of ''Ziziphus jujuba''
Social activity
*Dating, a form of courtship involving social activi ...
was uplifted by several tens of centimeters, making it impassable.
At
Koori
Koori (also spelt koorie, goori or goorie) is a demonym for Aboriginal Australians from a region that approximately corresponds to southern New South Wales and Victoria. The word derives from the Indigenous language Awabakal. For some people ...
, a bridge that was supposed to open to traffic on March 19 was damaged. Officials from Fukushima Prefecture stated that repair works could take up to three years.
Casualties
A man in his 60s from
Sōma, Fukushima
is a Cities of Japan, city located in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 34,631, and a population density of 180 persons per km2 in 14,358 households. The total area of the city is .
Geography
Sōma is locate ...
, died after jumping out of a window to escape. A second fatality was reported in
Tome, Miyagi
file:Miyagi-tome-cityhall.jpg, Tome City Hall
is a Cities of Japan, city located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 77,897 and a population density of 150 persons per km2 in 27,298 households. The total area of ...
, a man in his 70s who died from a heart attack.
A third fatality was reported in
Shichigahama
is a town located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 18,447, and a population density of 1,400 persons per km2 in 6,681 households. The total area of the town is .
Geography
The town is situated on a penins ...
,
Miyagi; a man in his 70s who collapsed and was taken to the hospital but died.
At
Yamagata University
is a national university located in the Japanese cities of Yamagata, Yamagata, Yamagata, Yonezawa, and Tsuruoka in Yamagata Prefecture.
The Times Higher Education released Times Higher Education World University Rankings, World University Rank ...
, a student was injured when evacuating the building.
Six senior residents in Saitama Prefecture sustained minor injuries.
Prime Minister
Fumio Kishida
Fumio Kishida (born 29 July 1957) is a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan and President of the Liberal Democratic Party ( LDP) from 2021 to 2024. He has been a member of the House of Representatives in the National Diet ...
stated on the morning of March 17 that four people were killed.
Investigations by the
National Police Agency National Police may refer to the national police forces of several countries:
*Afghanistan: Afghan National Police
*Haiti: Haitian National Police
*Canada: Royal Canadian Mounted Police
*Colombia: National Police of Colombia
*Cuba: National Revolut ...
concluded that the earthquake only resulted in one confirmed death; the victim from Tome. A fourth fatality in
Shiogama
is a cities of Japan, city located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 52,662, and a population density of 3,032 persons per km² in 23,270 households. The total area of the city is .
Geography
Shiogama is in n ...
, Miyagi, was not caused directly by the earthquake. Two other known deaths were still under investigation as of March 17.
A disaster report published in November by the Fire and Disaster Management Agency (FDMA) concluded that the earthquake caused four deaths, after another death in
Tokyo
Tokyo, officially the Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan, capital and List of cities in Japan, most populous city in Japan. With a population of over 14 million in the city proper in 2023, it is List of largest cities, one of the most ...
was thought to be related to the earthquake.
The FDMA report stated 247 people were injured. At least 108 residents were injured in Miyagi Prefecture and 101 were injured in Fukushima Prefecture
—some received injuries that required treatment.
Four people in
Kurihara, Miyagi
file:KuriharaShiyakusho2007-3.jpg, Kurihara City Hall
is a Cities of Japan, city located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 66,565, and a population density of 83 persons per km2 in 24,994 households. The tot ...
had minor injuries due to falling objects.
Six people in Saitama, five each in Kanagawa, Iwate and Yamagata, eight and Ibaraki, three in Chiba, two each in Yamanashi and Tochigi, and one each in Akita and Niigata, were injured.
Response
Earthquake and tsunami advisory
The
Earthquake Early Warning
An earthquake early warning (EEW) system is a system of accelerometers, seismometers, communication, computers, and alarms that is devised for rapidly notifying adjoining regions of a substantial earthquake once one begins. This is not the same ...
system issued a warning at 23:36:55.6 local time; 9.6 seconds after the initial detection of
seismic wave
A seismic wave is a mechanical wave of acoustic energy that travels through the Earth or another planetary body. It can result from an earthquake (or generally, a quake), volcanic eruption, magma movement, a large landslide and a large ma ...
s from the mainshock. The earthquake was first detected 1.6 seconds after it had occurred, and was given a seismic intensity of ''Shindo'' 3. The early warning came 9.6 seconds later when instruments recorded an intensity of ''Shindo'' 5-. Another warning was issued for a seismic intensity of ''Shindo'' 6+.
A tsunami advisory was issued along the coasts of Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures following the earthquake, causing evacuations. The tsunami advisory was cancelled at 05:00 local time after only small waves were observed. Officials stated that changes in tide levels at the coasts of Fukushima, Miyagi, and Iwate prefectures can be expected without damage.
Domestic
Chief Cabinet Secretary
Hirokazu Matsuno
is a Japanese politician who served as the Chief Cabinet Secretary from October 2021 until December 2023. He is serving in the House of Representatives as a member of the Liberal Democratic Party.
Matsuno does not believe that the 1923 Kantō ...
said in a press conference on March 17 that a Disaster Relief Act would be in effect in every municipality of Fukushima and Miyagi.
The
Japan Self-Defense Forces
The are the military forces of Japan. Established in 1954, the JSDF comprises the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force, and the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. They are controlled by the Ministry of Defense ...
was deployed to Fukushima and Miyagi prefectures at the request of their respective governors to restore essential lifelines.
Workers at
Tokyo Electric Power Company
is a Japanese electric utility holding company servicing Japan's Kantō region, Yamanashi Prefecture, and the eastern portion of Shizuoka Prefecture. This area includes Tokyo. Its headquarters are located in Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo, an ...
(TEPCO) examined the
2011 disaster-crippled
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
The is a disabled nuclear power plant located on a site in the towns of Ōkuma, Fukushima, Ōkuma and Futaba, Fukushima, Futaba in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. The plant Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster, suffered major damage from the 201 ...
for damage. Officials later reported no new anomalies at the power plant. Reports soon came in that a fire alarm system sounded at the
turbine hall
The turbine hall, generating hall or turbine building is a building or room in any steam cycle or hydroelectric power plant which houses a number of components vital to the generation of electricity from the steam that comes from the boiler, or ...
of Unit 5 of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, but no fire had occurred. At 01:00, workers inspected the spent containment structures of Units 1, 2 and 3, as well as the cooling facilities for the spent fuel pools where nuclear fuels are stored. The water level of Unit 2's spent fuel pool fell for a while and returned to normal.
At the
Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant
The is a nuclear power plant located on a site in the town of Naraha and Tomioka in the Futaba District of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. The Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) runs the plant.
After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, ...
, the pumps in the spent fuel pools of Units 1 and 3 had stopped working.
The government of Fukushima Prefecture requested the assistance of the central government for water supply .
An evacuation order was issued to 1,961 households located along the coast in
Watari, affecting at least 6,820 residents. The city of
Ishinomaki
is a city located in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. , the city has an estimated population of 138,538, and a population density of 250 persons per km2 in 61,919 households. The total area of the city is .
Geography
Ishinomaki is in northeastern Miya ...
opened seven evacuation shelters for affected residents to seek refuge. The cracked section of the
Tōhoku Expressway
The is a south-north national expressway, and the longest expressway in Japan at . Its southern terminus is in Kawaguchi, Saitama in the Greater Tokyo Area, at the Tokyo Gaikan Expressway and Kawaguchi Route near Araijuku Station, and its no ...
was repaired and reopened to traffic at 15:30, according to police in Miyagi.
Residents have been urged to stay alert about the threat of
landslide
Landslides, also known as landslips, rockslips or rockslides, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, mudflows, shallow or deep-seated slope failures and debris flows. Landslides ...
s and
avalanche
An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a Grade (slope), slope, such as a hill or mountain. Avalanches can be triggered spontaneously, by factors such as increased precipitation or snowpack weakening, or by external means such as humans, othe ...
s as heavy rain and snowfall are expected to hit the Tōhoku region until March 19. Weathernews stated that due to the earthquake, steep slopes may have been destabilized, and areas with heavy snowfall are at risk of experiencing avalanches. Homes that have been damaged by shaking may be further damaged by weather elements during this period as well.
International
Immediately after the earthquake, the
United States Geological Survey
The United States Geological Survey (USGS), founded as the Geological Survey, is an agency of the U.S. Department of the Interior whose work spans the disciplines of biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The agency was founded on Mar ...
issued a Yellow
PAGER
A pager, also known as a beeper or bleeper, is a Wireless communication, wireless telecommunications device that receives and displays Alphanumericals, alphanumeric or voice messages. One-way pagers can only receive messages, while response p ...
(Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response) which estimated the economic loss caused. There was a 37% chance that damage from the earthquake would result in losses of US$10–100 million; the likelihood for damages to fall within US$100 million to 1 billion was 30%. It was soon revised to Orange, for a 35% chance of damage in the cost range of US$100 million to 1 billion. There was a 34% chance that the financial loss would cost US$10–100 billion. A Green PAGER was also issued for expected fatalities; the agency estimated that there was a 65% chance that no fatalities would occur. There was a 30% chance that 1–10 deaths could occur in the quake.
A tsunami threat was issued by the
Pacific Tsunami Warning Center
The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC), located on Ford Island, Hawaii, is one of two tsunami warning centers in the United States, covering Hawaii, Guam, American Samoa and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific, as well as Puerto Ric ...
, but the agency clarified that the event posted no danger to the
West Coast of the United States
The West Coast of the United States, also known as the Pacific Coast and the Western Seaboard, is the coastline along which the Western United States meets the North Pacific Ocean. The term typically refers to the Contiguous United States, contig ...
,
Alaska
Alaska ( ) is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America. Part of the Western United States region, it is one of the two non-contiguous U.S. states, alongside Hawaii. Alaska is also considered to be the north ...
and
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Situated in the Pacific Northwest between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains, the province has a diverse geography, with rugged landscapes that ...
.
See also
*
List of earthquakes in 2022
{{Infobox earthquakes in year, year=2022, 4.0–4.9=13,707, 5.0–5.9=1,603, 6.0–6.9=117, 7.0–7.9=11, 8.0–8.9=0, 9.0+=0, strongest={{nowrap, 7.6 Moment magnitude scale, Mw {{flag, Papua New Guinea7.6 {{M, w, link=y {{Flag, Mexico , deadliest ...
*
List of earthquakes in Japan
This is a list of earthquakes in Japan with either a magnitude greater than or equal to 7.0 or which caused significant damage or casualties. As indicated below, magnitude is measured on the Richter scale (''ML'') or the moment magnitude scale ('' ...
*
List of tsunamis
This article lists notable tsunamis, which are sorted by the date and location that they occurred.
Because of seismic and volcanic activity associated with tectonic plate boundaries along the Pacific Ring of Fire, tsunamis occur most frequentl ...
*
2016 Fukushima earthquake
References
External links
Damage caused by the earthquake with the epicenter off Miyagi and Fukushima (as of 2:20 on Thursday, March 17)Damage summary by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (in Japanese)
Fukushima Japan earthquake Live Update–
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...
M6.5 & 7.3 Earthquakes Hit Fukushima, Japan – Mar. 16, 2022 日本の地震– Disaster Compilations on YouTube
M6.5 & 7.3 Earthquakes Hit Fukushima, Japan – Mar. 16, 2022 [Part 22022年の福島県沖地震">art 2">
M6.5 & 7.3 Earthquakes Hit Fukushima, Japan – Mar. 16, 2022 [Part 2
2022年の福島県沖地震– Disaster Compilations on YouTube
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fukushima earthquake, 2022
2022 earthquakes
2022 tsunamis
Doublet earthquakes
Earthquakes in Fukushima Prefecture
Earthquakes of the Reiwa era
March 2022 in Japan
Railway accidents in 2022
2022 disasters in Japan