In 2012, the

New Democratic Party The New Democratic Party (NDP; , ) is a federal political party in Canada. Widely described as social democratic,The party is widely described as social democratic: * * * * * * * * * * * * * The Editors of ''Encyclopædia Britann ...

(NDP) held a

leadership election A leadership election is a political contest held in various countries by which the members of a political party determine who will be the leader of their party. Generally, any political party can determine its own rules governing how and when a ...

to elect a permanent successor to

Jack Layton John Gilbert Layton (July 18, 1950 – August 22, 2011) was a Canadian politician and academic who served as the leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) from 2003 to 2011 and leader of the Official Opposition in 2011. He previously sat on T ...

, who had died the previous summer. The New Democratic Party's executive and caucus set the rules for the campaign at a series of meetings in September 2011. The election took place in Toronto and on the Internet. At the leadership convention, held at the

Metro Toronto Convention Centre Metro Toronto Convention Centre (originally and still colloquially Metro Convention Centre, and sometimes MTCC), is a convention complex located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada along Front Street (Toronto), Front Street West in the former Railway Lan ...

on March 24, 2012,

Tom Mulcair Thomas Joseph Mulcair (born October 24, 1954) is a Canadian lawyer and retired politician who served as the leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) from 2012 to 2017 and Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada), leader of the Official Oppos ...

was declared to be the new leader of the party. The convention was to be held at

Exhibition Place Exhibition Place is a publicly owned mixed-use district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located by the shoreline of Lake Ontario, just west of downtown. The site includes exhibit, trade, and banquet centres, theatre and music buildings, monuments, ...

's Allstream Centre, but it was moved to the larger venue due to a greater than expected number of delegates registering for the event. The vote was open to all NDP members in a combination of

exhaustive ballot The exhaustive ballot is a voting system used to elect a single winner. Under the exhaustive ballot the elector casts a single vote for his or her chosen candidate. However, if no candidate is supported by an overall majority of votes, the candi ...

and

instant-runoff voting Instant-runoff voting (IRV; ranked-choice voting (RCV), preferential voting, alternative vote) is a single-winner ranked voting election system where Sequential loser method, one or more eliminations are used to simulate Runoff (election), ...

with

one member, one vote "One man, one vote" or "one vote, one value" is a slogan used to advocate for the principle of equal representation in voting. This slogan is used by advocates of democracy and political equality, especially with regard to electoral reforms like ...

(OMOV); each member voted by

preferential ballot Ranked voting is any voting system that uses voters' Ordinal utility, rankings of candidates to choose a single winner or multiple winners. More formally, a ranked vote system depends only on voters' total order, order of preference of the cand ...

in advance, or with a single ballot for each round on the day of the election. The entrance fee was set at $15,000 and each candidate's spending limit was capped at $500,000. Mulcair was the NDP's seventh leader elected since its founding in 1961. Because the NDP was the

Official Opposition Parliamentary opposition is a form of political opposition to a designated government, particularly in a Westminster-based parliamentary system. This article uses the term ''government'' as it is used in Parliamentary systems, i.e. meaning ''t ...

in the

41st Canadian Parliament The 41st Canadian Parliament was in session from June 2, 2011 to August 2, 2015, with the membership of its House of Commons having been determined by the results of the 2011 federal election held on May 2, 2011. Parliament convened on June 2, ...

, he also assumed the position of Leader of the Official Opposition in the

House of Commons of Canada The House of Commons of Canada () is the lower house of the Parliament of Canada. Together with the Monarchy of Canada#Parliament (King-in-Parliament), Crown and the Senate of Canada, they comprise the Bicameralism, bicameral legislature of Ca ...

Convention timing

In a letter written days before his death, Layton recommended that a

be held as early as possible in 2012 on approximately the same time lines as in 2003, and that Nycole Turmel, who had been appointed interim leader because of his illness, continue in that role until the election of a permanent leader. Turmel initially said that the party intended to hold the leadership election in January 2012. Others, including party president Brian Topp and Deputy Leader

—both prospective candidates—called for a longer race. Topp agreed with calls for a vote later in the year, such as February or March. Mulcair said he would not run if the convention is held too early. Like Topp, he suggests a convention in "late winter or early spring". He also pointed out that such a time frame would be consistent with the last leadership election, which took 7.5 months (June 6, 2002 – January 23, 2003). On September 9, the NDP federal council set the election for March 24, 2012, in Toronto. The longer timeline was to allow more members to be recruited in Quebec, which had low numbers of NDP members but, following the "

Orange Crush Crush is a brand of carbonated soft drinks owned and marketed internationally by Keurig Dr Pepper, originally created as an orange soda, Orange Crush. It was created in 1911, 30 years before Coca-Cola's Fanta, by beverage and extract chemist ...

" in the recent election, the bulk of the party's MPs.

Election rules

The leadership election was open to all members during a convention in a combination of

and

. Votes mailed in advance were cast by instant-runoff voting, but votes on the day, either at the convention or online, were for one round only. Candidates could withdraw before being formally eliminated and release preferences to lower down candidates who stay in. In the 2003 leadership election, members were able to vote in person at the convention, by mail, or online. Also in that election, affiliated organizations (such as trade unions) were allotted a minimum of 25 percent of the vote, with the remainder held by individual party members. The party's federal executive ruled in September 2011 that a 2006 change to the party constitution mandating

precluded a carve-out for affiliated groups. Party president and leadership candidate Brian Topp supported retaining the carve-out as did former MP

Dawn Black Dawn Black ( Whitty; born April 1, 1943) is a Canadian politician in British Columbia, Canada. She represented the riding of New Westminster in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 2009 to 2013. During that time, she served as in ...

, while MPs

Thomas Mulcair Thomas Joseph Mulcair (born October 24, 1954) is a Canadian lawyer and retired politician who served as the leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) from 2012 to 2017 and leader of the Official Opposition from 2012 to 2015. He was elected to ...

Peter Stoffer Peter Arend Stoffer (born January 6, 1956) is a Canadian politician, who represented the riding of Sackville—Eastern Shore or its redistributed equivalents from the 1997 election until his defeat in the 2015 election. A member of the New D ...

, and

Pat Martin Patrick D. "Pat" Martin (born December 13, 1955, in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian politician. He was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2015, representing the riding of Winnipeg Centre for the New Democratic Party. C ...

opposed it. In previous leadership elections, a union's delegates would normally vote as a block making union endorsements an important factor in the outcome. Candidates in the campaign had a $500,000 spending limit. On September 14, 2011, interim party leader Nycole Turmel announced rules for candidates from the federal caucus that would have members of the caucus executive, e.g., deputy leaders, to stay in their posts, but would require critics and committee chairs and vice chairs to step down if they chose to join the race. All those who were party members by February 18, 2012, were eligible to vote and could do so in one of three ways: # mail-in preferential ballot; # by internet either by casting a preferential ballot prior to March 24, 2012, or by voting ballot-by-ballot in real time on March 24; or # in person as a delegate at the convention.

Leadership debates

The candidates participated in six debates, in Ottawa, Halifax, Quebec City, Winnipeg, Montreal and Vancouver. The first debate was held in Ottawa on December 4, 2011, and focused on the economy. The Halifax debate on January 29, 2012, focused on families, while the February debate in Quebec City were about "Canada on the world stage", and the February debate in Winnipeg was about "Connecting people and regions".

Timeline

*January 25, 2003:

wins the

to succeed

Alexa McDonough Alexa Ann McDonough ( Shaw; August 11, 1944 – January 15, 2022) was a Canadian politician who served as leader of the New Democratic Party from 1995 to 2003. She was the first woman to lead a major, recognized political party in Nova Scotia ...

. *May 2, 2011: For the first time in the party's history, the NDP became the

in the

due to the party's runner-up finish in the 2011 federal election. *July 25, 2011:

Leader of the Opposition The Leader of the Opposition is a title traditionally held by the leader of the Opposition (parliamentary), largest political party not in government, typical in countries utilizing the parliamentary system form of government. The leader of the ...

Jack Layton takes a medical leave of absence; Nycole Turmel is appointed acting leader of the

. *August 22, 2011: Jack Layton dies of cancer. Turmel becomes interim leader of the NDP, and acting Leader of the Opposition. *September 9, 2011: The NDP federal council meets to discuss the date and rules for the election, and the venue for the convention. *September 15, 2011: Campaign rules for caucus are announced by interim leader Nycole Turmel, official start of the leadership campaign, and nomination period opens. *December 4, 2011, 2–4pm: All-candidates debate on the economy. Ottawa Convention Centre. *January 18, 2012, 7pm: Toronto Area Council NDP Leadership debate, Bloor Collegiate Institute, Toronto. *January 24, 2012: Deadline to register as leadership candidate. *January 29, 2012, 2pm: All-candidates debate on families. Spatz Theatre at Citadel High, Halifax. *February 12, 2012, 2pm: All-candidates debate on "Canada on the world stage". Palais Montcalm, Quebec City. *February 18, 2012: Membership deadline to join the NDP and be eligible to vote. *February 26, 2012, 2pm: All-candidates debate on "Connecting people with regions". Pantages Playhouse Theatre, Winnipeg. *March 1, 2012: Advance voting begins by online or mail-in ballot. *March 1, 2012: 6:30pm Forum and Meet & Greet with NDP leadership candidates. Trinity-St. Paul's United Church, Toronto. *March 4, 2012, 2pm: All-candidates debate on "Building a strong, united Canada". Marché Bonsecours, Montreal. *March 11, 2012, noon: All-candidates debate on "Opportunities for young and new Canadians". CBC Regional Broadcast Centre, Vancouver. *March 23–24, 2012: Leadership convention in Toronto at

. *March 24, 2012: Last day of voting. Results announced at leadership convention.

Candidates

Niki Ashton

;Background

Niki Ashton Niki Christina Ashton (born September 9, 1982) is a Canadian politician. She served as the Member of Parliament (Canada), Member of Parliament for the federal electoral district of Churchill—Keewatinook Aski in Manitoba from 2008 to 2025 as a m ...

has been the MP for Churchill, Manitoba since 2008. Until she announced her bid, she had been the Chair of the House of Commons Standing Committee on the Status of Women. She was also a past shadow cabinet critic for Youth, and for Rural and Community Development. Ashton is fluent in Greek, English, French, and Spanish. :Date campaign launched: November 7, 2011 :Campaign website: ;Endorsements *MPs: (4) François Choquette, Drummond; Carol Hughes, Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing; Jean-François Larose, Repentigny; Francine Raynault, Joliette *Provincial legislators: (12) Steve Ashton, MB Infrastructure and Transportation Minister and MLA for Thompson; Peter Bjornson, MB Entrepreneurship, Training and Trade Minister and MLA for Gimli;

Drew Caldwell Drew Caldwell (born April 10, 1960) is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He was a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for the constituency of Brandon East from 1999 until 2016, serving as a Cabinet of Manitoba, Cabinet Minister in t ...

, MB MLA for

Brandon East Brandon East () is a provincial electoral division in the Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Manitoba, Canada. It encompasses the southeastern part of the City of Brandon, Manitoba, Brandon. Historical riding The original riding o ...

; Guy Gentner, BC MLA for Delta North; Bidhu Jha, MB MLA for Radisson;

Flor Marcelino Flor Marcelino, (born October 5, 1951) is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. She was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 2007 Manitoba general election, 2007 provincial election, for the electoral division of Wellington (Manito ...

, MB Culture, Heritage and Tourism Minister and MLA for Logan; Ted Marcelino, MB MLA for Tyndall Park;

Tom Nevakshonoff Thomas George Nevakshonoff (born December 22, 1958) is a former politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served as a member of the Manitoba legislature, prior to his defeat in 2016. Nevakshonoff was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He grew up in Poplarfie ...

, MB MLA for

Interlake Interlake was a provincial electoral division in the Canadian province of Manitoba. It was created by redistribution in 1979, and has formally existed since the 1981 provincial election. Previously, much of the Interlake region was include ...

; Clarence Pettersen, MB MLA for

Flin Flon Flin Flon (pop. 5,185 in 2016 census; 4,982 in Manitoba and 203 in Saskatchewan) is a mining city, located on a correction line on the border of the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan, with the majority of the city located withi ...

; Frank Whitehead, MB MLA for

The Pas The Pas ( , ) is a town in Manitoba, Canada, at the confluence of the Pasquia River and the Saskatchewan River and surrounded by the unorganized Northern Region of the province. It is approximately northwest of the provincial capital, Winn ...

; Eric Robinson, MB Deputy Premier, Aboriginal and Northern Affairs Minister, and MLA for

Kewatinook Keewatinook (previously spelt "Kewatinook") is a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of Manitoba. The riding existed previously under the name Rupertsland; however, starting with the 2011 general election, the riding was r ...

; Michael Sather, BC MLA for

Maple Ridge-Pitt Meadows Maple Ridge-Pitt Meadows is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia The Legislative Assembly of British Columbia () is the deliberative assembly of the Legislature of British Columbia, in the provin ...

*Municipal politicians: (4) Ross Eadie,

Winnipeg City Council The Winnipeg City Council () is the governing body of the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. The Council is seated in the Council Building of Winnipeg City Hall. *Labour leaders: Alex Forrest, President of the United Fire Fighters of Winnipeg ( IAFF Local 867) *Organizations: New Democratic Party Socialist Caucus (its steering committee, and a majority of its members casting internal advisory votes) *Other prominent individuals: David Chartrand, President of the Manitoba Métis Federation

Nathan Cullen

;Background

Nathan Cullen Nathan Paul Cullen (born July 13, 1972) is a Canadian politician who served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia (MLA) representing the riding of Stikine (provincial electoral district), Stikine from 2020 to 2024 as a memb ...

is MP for

Skeena—Bulkley Valley Skeena—Bulkley Valley is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. Geography This is a mostly wilderness area comprising almost the entire northwestern ...

, first elected in 2004. Cullen was the longest-standing MP in the leadership race and the only MP to have defeated an incumbent Conservative to claim his seat. Before becoming involved in politics, Cullen worked in community and economic development throughout Latin America, North America and Africa and also started his own business, Maravilla Consultants, providing strategic planning and conflict resolution services to business, government, and non-profit agencies throughout B.C. Cullen had served as a critic in the NDP shadow cabinet, first for environment, national parks and youth, then natural resources and energy. In the 2011 Parliament, Cullen served as Chair of the House of Commons Standing Committee on Privacy, Access to Information and Ethics. He was also the Associate Critic for Natural Resources, Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development, and Environment and Sustainable Development. In the 2011 federal election, Cullen received over 55% of the popular vote in his constituency, the highest plurality in the region since 1962. He is functionally trilingual (English, French and Spanish). :Date campaign launched: September 30, 2011 :Campaign website:''
nathancullen.ca
;Endorsements *MPs: (4) Alex Atamanenko, MP for British Columbia Southern Interior; Fin Donnelly, MP for

New Westminster—Coquitlam New Westminster—Coquitlam was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1988, and from 2004 to 2015. Demographics :''According to the 2006 Canadian census'' ...

; Bruce Hyer, MP for

Thunder Bay—Superior North Thunder is the sound caused by lightning. Depending upon the distance from and nature of the lightning, it can range from a long, low rumble to a sudden, loud crack. The sudden increase in temperature and hence pressure caused by the lightning pr ...

; Brian Masse, MP for Windsor West (NDP trade critic) *Provincial legislators: (5) Robin Austin, BC MLA for Skeena, Gary Coons, BC MLA for North Coast,

Doug Donaldson Doug Donaldson (born January 20, 1957) is a Canadian politician, who represented the Stikine electoral district Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 2009 to 2020. He is a member of the British Columbia New Democratic Party and was firs ...

, BC MLA for Stikine,

Norm MacDonald Norman Gene MacdonaldThe capitalization of Norm Macdonald's surname has been inconsistently reported in publications such as ''TV Guide''. Books that discuss him, such as ''Shales'' (2003) and Crawford' (2000), as well as other sources such as ...

, BC MLA for Columbia River-Revelstoke; Taras Natyshak, Ontario MPP for

Essex Essex ( ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the East of England, and one of the home counties. It is bordered by Cambridgeshire and Suffolk to the north, the North Sea to the east, Kent across the Thames Estuary to the ...

;

Jim Rondeau Jim Rondeau (born April 6, 1959) is a former politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1999 to 2016, and served as cabinet minister in the provincial governments of Gary Doer and Greg Sel ...

, Manitoba cabinet minister and MLA for

Assiniboia Assiniboia District refers to two historical districts of Canada's Northwest Territories. The name is taken from the Assiniboine First Nation. Historical usage ''For more information on the history of the provisional districts, see also Distric ...

. *Former Provincial legislators: Lois Boone, former B.C. Deputy Premier; Corky Evans, BC MLA;

Joan Sawicki Joan Marie Sawicki (born September 18, 1945) is a former Canadian politician. She served as a NDP Member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1991 to 2001, representing Burnaby-Willingdon. She served as Speaker of the Legislat ...

, former B.C. MLA and Minister of Environment, Land, and Parks *Former MPs:

Lynn McDonald Lynn McDonald (born 15 July 1940) is a Canadian academic, climate activist and former Member of Parliament. She is a former president of the National Action Committee on the Status of Women and was the New Democratic Party (NDP) Member of ...

, Toronto-Danforth *Other prominent figures: Geoff Berner, singer-songwriter; Guy Dauncey, BC environmentalist Ron Stipp, Jack Layton's campaign manager in Toronto-Danforth; Wade Davis author, National Geographic explorer-in-residence/ethnobotanist; Shane Koyczan, slam poet ;Other information *Nathan Cullen proposed a "Joint Nomination" process for Conservative held ridings, in which the Liberals, Greens and NDP will come together and choose one candidate among themselves to run against Conservatives, in that riding, to avoid splitting the vote.

Paul Dewar

;Background Paul Dewar has been MP for Ottawa Centre since 2006, and served as critic for foreign affairs. He has also chaired the All-Party Parliamentary Group for the Prevention of Genocide and other Crimes Against Humanity. He is a former teacher and elected representative of the Ottawa Carleton Elementary School Teachers' Federation. Earlier in his career he was constituency assistant to then-MPP Evelyn Gigantes. He understands but is not conversant in French. :Date campaign launched: October 2, 2011 :Campaign website:''
pauldewar.ca
;Endorsements *MPs: (8)

Charlie Angus Charles Joseph Angus (born November 14, 1962) is a Canadian author, journalist, broadcaster, musician and politician. A member of the New Democratic Party (NDP), Angus served as the federal Member of Parliament for the riding of Timmins—Jame ...

, Timmins-James Bay;

Dennis Bevington Dennis Fraser Bevington (born March 27, 1953) is a Canadian politician from the Northwest Territories, and was the member of Parliament for the riding of Northwest Territories from 2006 until 2015. Born in Fort Smith, he served as mayor from ...

, Western Arctic; Linda Duncan, Edmonton—Strathcona; Claude Gravelle, Nickel Belt; Hélène Laverdière, Laurier—Sainte-Marie; Hoang Mai, Brossard—La Prairie; Irene Mathyssen, London—Fanshawe; Christine Moore, Abitibi—Témiscamingue *Provincial legislators: (16) Nancy Allan, MB MLA and

Minister of Education An education minister (sometimes minister of education) is a position in the governments of some countries responsible for dealing with educational matters. Where known, the government department, ministry, or agency that develops policy and deli ...

; Kevin Chief, MB MLA and Minister of Children and Youth Opportunities; Dave Chomiak, MB MLA and Innovation, Energy and Mines Minister;

Deanne Crothers Deanne Crothers is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba in the 2011 election.Greg Dewar, MB MLA; Mable Elmore, BC MLA ( Vancouver-Kensington); Dave Gaudreau, MB MLA; Jennifer Howard, MB MLA and Minister of Family Services and Labour; Kerri Irvin-Ross, MB MLA and Minister of Housing and Community Development; Rosario Marchese, ON MPP for Trinity—Spadina; Theresa Oswald, MB MLA and

Health Minister A health minister is the member of a country's government typically responsible for protecting and promoting public health and providing welfare spending and other social security services. Some governments have separate ministers for mental heal ...

;

Erin Selby Erin Selby is a politician and former TV personality in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Selby earned a bachelor's degree in communications studies from Concordia University. She previously co-hosted ''Breakfast Television'' on CHMI-DT, Citytv Winn ...

, MB MLA and Minister of Advanced Education; Maurice Smith, NS MLA for

Antigonish Antigonish ( ; ) is a town in Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, Canada. The town is home to St. Francis Xavier University and the oldest continuous Highland games outside Scotland. It is approximately 160 kilometres (100 miles) northeast of Hal ...

;

Stan Struthers Stan Struthers (born 1959) is a Manitoba politician and a former member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for the New Democratic Party (NDP). He served in the legislature from his election in 1995 until his retirement in 2016, holding vari ...

, MB MLA and

Minister of Finance A ministry of finance is a ministry or other government agency in charge of government finance, fiscal policy, and financial regulation. It is headed by a finance minister, an executive or cabinet position . A ministry of finance's portfolio ...

;

Andrew Swan Andrew James Swan (born August 9, 1968) is a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 2004 to 2019. He was first elected in a 2004 by-election, replacing MaryAnn Mihychuk, who resigned to run for M ...

, MB MLA and Minister of Justice and Attorney General;

Matt Wiebe Matthew Robert Rudolph "Matt" Wiebe (born 1979), is a Canadians, Canadian politician who is the current Manitoba Justice, Minister of Justice and Attorney General and Minister for Manitoba Public Insurance Corporation Act for Manitoba since Oc ...

, MB MLA; *Former provincial leaders: (1) Michael Cassidy, former leader of the

Ontario New Democratic Party The Ontario New Democratic Party (NDP; , NPD) is a social democratic political party in Ontario, Canada. The party sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum. It is Ontario’s provincial section of the federal New Democratic Party. The ...

and former MP from Ottawa Centre; *Past MPs: (3) Catherine Bell former MP for

Vancouver Island North Vancouver Island North is a former federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1997 to 2015. Geography The district included the Regional Districts of Comox Valley, Stra ...

; John Brewin, former MP for Victoria Tony Martin, former MP for

Sault Ste. Marie Sault Ste. Marie may refer to: People * Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, a Native American tribe in Michigan Places * Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada ** Sault Ste. Marie (federal electoral district), a Canadian federal electora ...

*Past provincial legislators:

Rosann Wowchuk Rosann Wowchuk (née Harapiak; born August 15, 1945) is a former Manitoba politician, and was a Executive Council of Manitoba, cabinet minister in the New Democratic Party of Manitoba, New Democratic Party governments of Premiers Gary Doer and G ...

, Former MB MLA and

Finance Minister A ministry of finance is a ministry or other government agency in charge of government finance, fiscal policy, and financial regulation. It is headed by a finance minister, an executive or cabinet position . A ministry of finance's portfoli ...

; Violet Stanger, former Saskatchewan MLA *Past municipal politicians:

John Sewell John Sewell (born December 8, 1940) is a Canadian politician and lawyer who served as the 58th mayor of Toronto from 1978 to 1980. Background Born and raised in the Beach neighbourhood, in Toronto, Sewell attended Malvern Collegiate Institute ...

, former mayor of Toronto *Labour leaders: James Clancy, President of the National Union of Public and General Employees; Kevin Rebeck, President of the Manitoba Federation of Labour *Other notable people:

Maher Arar Maher Arar () (born 1970) is a telecommunications engineer with dual Syrian and Canadian citizenship who has resided in Canada since 1987. Arar was detained during a layover at John F. Kennedy International Airport in September 2002 on his way ...

*Labour organizations:

International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers (IAM) is an AFL–CIO/ CLC trade union representing over 600,000 workers as of 2024 in more than 200 industries with most of its membership in the United States and Canada. Orig ...

Tom Mulcair

;Background

had been the NDP MP for Outremont and one of two

deputy leader A deputy leader (in Scottish English, sometimes depute leader) in the Westminster system is the second-in-command of a political party, behind the party leader. Deputy leaders often become Deputy prime minister when their parties are elected to go ...

s of the party since 2007, and has served as house leader and finance critic. Prior to holding elective office he was a lawyer and public official. As a member of the

Quebec Liberal Party The Quebec Liberal Party (QLP; , PLQ) is a provincial political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955. The QLP has traditionally supported a form of Quebec federalist ideology with nuance ...

, he represented the Laval riding of Chomedey in the

National Assembly of Quebec The National Assembly of Quebec (, ) is the Legislature, legislative body of the Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Quebec in Canada. Legislators are called MNAs (Members of the National Assembly; ). The lieutenant governor of Que ...

from 1994 to 2007, and was Quebec's

Minister of the Environment An environment minister (sometimes minister of the environment or secretary of the environment) is a cabinet position charged with protecting the natural environment and promoting wildlife conservation. The areas associated with the duties of a ...

from 2003 to 2006. The Quebec Liberals were not officially affiliated with any federal party, and the federal NDP were not officially affiliated with any provincial party in Quebec, at the time and since. His mother is

French Canadian French Canadians, referred to as Canadiens mainly before the nineteenth century, are an ethnic group descended from French people, French colonists first arriving in Canada (New France), France's colony of Canada in 1608. The vast majority of ...

; he was raised and educated and built his career in Quebec and is fluently bilingual. :Date campaign launched: October 13, 2011 :Campaign website:''
thomasmulcair.ca
;Endorsements *MPs: (43) Robert Aubin, Trois-Rivières; Paulina Ayala, Honoré-Mercier; Tarik Brahmi, Saint-Jean;

Ruth Ellen Brosseau Ruth Ellen Brosseau (born April 26, 1984) is a Canadian politician who represented the riding of Berthier—Maskinongé in the House of Commons from the 2011 federal election until her defeat in 2019. She is a member of the New Democratic Party ...

, Berthier—Maskinongé;

Ryan Cleary Ronald E. "Ryan" Cleary (born November 20, 1966) is a Canadian politician and journalist from Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. He was the Member of Parliament for St. John's South—Mount Pearl from 2011 to 2015. Born in Gander and raised ...

, St. John's South—Mount Pearl Anne-Marie Day, Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles; Sylvain Chicoine, Châteauguay—Saint-Constant; Robert Chisholm, Dartmouth—Cole Harbour;

David Christopherson David Christopherson (born October 5, 1954) is a Canadian politician. From 2004 until 2019, he represented the riding of Hamilton Centre in the House of Commons of Canada. He previously served in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1990 t ...

, Hamilton Centre

Don Davies Donald Vincent Davies (born January 16, 1963) is a Canadian politician who has served as the interim leader of the New Democratic Party since 2025 and as the Member of Parliament (Canada), member of Parliament for Vancouver Kingsway since 20 ...

, Vancouver Kingsway; Matthew Dubé, Chambly—Borduas; Pierre-Luc Dusseault, Sherbrooke; Pierre Jacob, Brome—Missisquoi; Réjean Genest, Shefford;

Jonathan Genest-Jourdain Jonathan Genest-Jourdain (born July 16, 1979) is a Canadian politician from Quebec. Genest-Jourdain served as the New Democratic Party Member of Parliament for Manicouagan and as a member of the Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet in the 41st C ...

, Manicouagan;

Sadia Groguhé Sadia Groguhé (; born November 9, 1962) is a French-Canadian politician of Algerian descent. A municipal councillor in the French city of Istres from 1995 to 2000, Groguhé and her husband immigrated to Canada in 2005. In the 2011 federal ...

, Saint-Lambert; Dan Harris, Scarborough Southwest; Jack Harris, St. John's East; Matthew Kellway, Beaches—East York; Alexandrine Latendresse, Louis-Saint-Laurent; François Lapointe, Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup; Hélène LeBlanc, LaSalle—Émard;

Wayne Marston Wayne L. Marston (born February 27, 1947, in Sisson Ridge, New Brunswick) is a former New Democratic Party (NDP) politician in Canada. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Hamilton, Ontario riding of Hamilton East—Stoney Cr ...

, Hamilton East—Stoney Creek; Marc-André Morin, Laurentides—Labelle; Marie-Claude Morin, Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot; Pierre Nantel, Longueuil—Pierre-Boucher; Jamie Nicholls, Vaudreuil-Soulanges; José Nunez-Melo, Laval; Annick Papillon, Québec; Claude Patry, Jonquière—Alma; Ève Péclet, La Pointe-de-l'Île; Manon Perreault, Montcalm; François Pilon, Laval—Les Îles; John Rafferty, Thunder Bay—Rainy River; Mathieu Ravignat, Pontiac; Jean Rousseau, Compton—Stanstead;

Romeo Saganash Diom Roméo Saganash (born October 28, 1961) is a Cree lawyer and former politician from Canada. Saganash served as the member of Parliament (MP) for Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou in Quebec from 2011 to 2019. A member of the New Democr ...

, Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou; Djaouida Sellah, Saint-Bruno—Saint-Hubert;

Glenn Thibeault Glenn Edward Thibeault (born 23 October 1969) is a former Canadian politician. He was Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 2015 to 2018 who represented the riding of Sudbury. He served as a cabinet minister in the gover ...

, Sudbury; Philip Toone, Gaspésie—Îles-de-la-Madeleine; Jonathan Tremblay, Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord *Current/former provincial NDP leaders: (7)

Piers McDonald Piers McDonald, OC (born August 4, 1955) is a Yukon politician and businessman. Born in Kingston, Ontario, McDonald, originally a miner by profession, is a long-time MLA, Cabinet minister, and the fifth premier of Yukon. He was leader of the Y ...

former Yukon premier,

Dominic Cardy Dominic William Cardy (born 25 July 1970) is a Canadian politician, leader of the Canadian Future Party and a former Member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick (2018–2024) and provincial cabinet minister (2018–2022). From the 201 ...

, leader of the New Brunswick NDP; Herb Dickieson, former leader of the Island New Democrats; Howard Hampton, former

leader;

Mike Harcourt Michael Franklin Harcourt Officer of the Order of Canada, OC (born January 6, 1943) is a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 30th premier of British Columbia from 1991 to 1996, and before that as the 34th List of mayors of Vancouver ...

, former premier of British Columbia;

Edward Schreyer Edward Richard Schreyer (born December 21, 1935) is a Canadian politician, diplomat, and statesman who served as the 22nd governor general of Canada from 1979 to 1984. He previously served as the 16th premier of Manitoba from 1969 to 1977. Schr ...

, former Premier of Manitoba *Provincial legislators: (11)

Buckley Belanger Harold "Buckley" Belanger (; born March 21, 1960) is a Canadian politician who has been Secretary of State (Rural Development) since 2025. Belanger was elected to the House of Commons in the 2025 federal election and serves as the member of ...

Saskatchewan MLA, Rob Fleming, BC MLA for Victoria-Swan Lake;

Mike Farnworth Michael C. Farnworth (born July 23, 1959) is a Canadian politician who has served as British Columbia's Minister of Transportation and Transit since 2024. A member of the British Columbia New Democratic Party (BC NDP), Farnworth represents the ...

, BC MLA for Port Coquitlam (provincial electoral district); Dale Kirby, Newfoundland MHA for St. John's North;

Leonard Krog Leonard Eugene Krog is a Canadian politician and lawyer in British Columbia, who currently serves as mayor of Nanaimo. He previously served in the provincial legislature on two occasions as a member of the British Columbia New Democratic Party ...

, BC MLA for

Parksville-Qualicum Parksville-Qualicum was a former provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of British Columbia British Columbia is the westernmost Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada. Situated in the Pacific Northwest betwe ...

; Jenny Kwan, BC MLA for Vancouver-Mount Pleasant; Ross Landry, NS MLA; Brian Skabar, NS MLA; Graham Steele, NS MLA; Claire Trevena, BC MLA for North Island; David Wilson, NS MLA *Past MPs: (8)

Phil Edmonston Louis-Phillip Edmonston (26 May 1944 – 2 December 2022) was a Canadian consumer advocate, writer, journalist, and politician. Along with Andrew Scheer, he was one of the few politicians with dual American and Canadian citizenship to be electe ...

, first-ever elected NDP MP in Quebec;

Ernie Epp Abram Ernest (Ernie) Epp (born September 28, 1941) is a Canadian historian and former politician. Currently a professor of Canadian and environmental history at Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario, he represented the electoral district of ...

, former MP for

Thunder Bay—Nipigon Thunder is the sound caused by lightning. Depending upon the distance from and nature of the lightning, it can range from a long, low rumble to a sudden, loud crack. The sudden increase in temperature and hence pressure caused by the lightning pr ...

; John Paul Harney former MP for Scarbourgh West;

Lyle Kristiansen Lyle Stuart Kristiansen (May 9, 1939 – June 18, 2015) was a Canadian New Democratic Party member of the House of Commons. He was an executive secretary, financial secretary and woodworker by career. His first two attempts at a House of Commo ...

, former BC MP; Steven Langdon former MP for Essex-Windsor; Lorne Nystrom, former Saskatchewan MP and 2003 leadership candidate; Douglas Rowland, former Manitoba MP; Ian Waddell former BC MLA, MP and cabinet minister *Past provincial legislators: (10)

Eric Cline Eric H. Cline (born August 12, 1955) is a former Canadian politician. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as the New Democratic Party (NDP) Member of the Legislative Assembly for Saskatoon Idylwyld from 1991 to 1995, Saska ...

former Saskatchewan MLA, Gary Lauk former BC MLA and cabinet minister,

Peter Delefes Peter Delefes is a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Halifax Citadel in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1998 to 1999 as a member of the Nova Scotia New Democratic Party. Delefes is a life-long resident of ...

former NS MLA; Elie Martel, former MPP for Sudbury East; Shelley Martel, former MPP for Nickel Belt; Frank Mitchell, former BC MLA; Roland Penner former MB MLA and cabinet minister; David Zirnhelt, former BC MLA and Minister, Andrew Thomson former Saskatchewan MLA and cabinet minister, Harry Van Mulligen former Saskatchewan MLA and cabinet minister *Municipal councillors: Jenny Gerbasi, Winnipeg city councillor; Darrell Mussatto, Mayor of North Vancouver *Labour organizations:

Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union (RWDSU) is a labor union in the United States and Canada. Founded in 1937, the RWDSU represents about 60,000 workers in a wide range of industries, including but not limited to retail, grocery stores, p ...

(RWDSU);

Service Employees International Union Service Employees International Union (SEIU) is a labor union representing 2 million workers in over 100 occupations in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico. SEIU is focused on organizing workers in three sectors: healthcare (over half of m ...

; United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW Canada) *Labour leaders: Reg Basken, former President of the Alberta Federation of Labour; Michael Fraser, former National Director of the

United Food and Commercial Workers The United Food and Commercial Workers International Union (UFCW) is a trade union, labor union representing approximately 1.3 million workers in the United States and Canada in industries including retail; meatpacking, food processing and manufa ...

(UFCW), and former Executive Vice-President of the

Canadian Labour Congress The Canadian Labour Congress, or CLC ( or ), is a national trade union centre, the central labour body in Canada to which most Canadian trade union, labour unions are affiliated. History Formation The CLC was founded on April 23, 1956, thro ...

; Bob Kinnear, President of Amalgamated Transit Union (ATU) Local 113; Art Kube, past-president of the BC Federation of Labour; Sharleen Stewart, President of the

(SEUI) Canada; Wayne Samuelson, past President of the

Ontario Federation of Labour Ontario is the southernmost province of Canada. Located in Central Canada, Ontario is the country's most populous province. As of the 2021 Canadian census, it is home to 38.5% of the country's population, and is the second-largest province by ...

*Other prominent individuals: Michael Byers, author and former NDP candidate; Gerry Caplan, former NDP federal secretary and national campaign manager; Julius Grey, civil rights lawyer;

James Laxer James Robert Laxer (22 December 1941 – 23 February 2018), also known as Jim Laxer, was a Canadian political economist, historian, public intellectual, and political activist who served as a professor at York University. Best known as co-f ...

, political economist and runner-up in the 1971 NDP leadership election; James Lockyer, lawyer and former NDP candidate; Heather Harrison, Policy Studies Chair at Kwantlen Polytechnic University and Vice-President of the

British Columbia New Democratic Party The New Democratic Party of British Columbia (BC NDP) is a social democratic political party in British Columbia, Canada. The party sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum and is one of the two major parties in British Columbia; since ...

; Martin Singh, leadership candidate asked his supporters to vote for Mulcair as their second choice; Charles Taylor, philosopher; Andrew J. Weaver, climate scientist ;Other Information *Proposed a Cap and Trade system, Improving Women's Equity on boards and committees, Anti-Scab legislation

Peggy Nash

;Background

Peggy Nash Peggy A. Nash (born 28 June 1951) is a Canadian labour official and politician from Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She was the New Democratic Party (NDP) Member of Parliament (MP) for the Parkdale—High Park electoral district (riding) in Toront ...

was the MP for Parkdale—High Park, in Toronto, Ontario until 2015. She also represented the electoral district from 2006 to 2008. Until she announced her candidacy, she was the Official Opposition critic for finance, and in her previous term in Parliament was party critic for industry. She served as the President of the NDP from 2009 until 2011. Prior to being elected an MP, she was a

Canadian Auto Workers The National Automobile, Aerospace, Transportation and General Workers Union of Canada, commonly known as the Canadian Auto Workers (CAW), was one of Canada's largest labour unions. In 2013, it merged with the Communications, Energy and Paperwork ...

negotiator, and became the first woman in North America to negotiate a major contract with one of the "Big Three" Detroit automakers, when she negotiated a contract with Ford in 2005. She holds an honours degree in French language and literature from the

University of Toronto The University of Toronto (UToronto or U of T) is a public university, public research university whose main campus is located on the grounds that surround Queen's Park (Toronto), Queen's Park in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was founded by ...

, and is fluent in English, French and Spanish. :Date campaign launched: October 28, 2011 :Campaign website:''
peggynash.ca
;Endorsements *MPs: (9)

Raymond Côté Raymond Côté (born January 10, 1967) is a Canadians, Canadian politician, who was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 2011 Canadian federal election, 2011 election. He represented the electoral district of Beauport—Limoilou as a ...

, Beauport—Limoilou Marjolaine Boutin-Sweet, Hochelaga; Randall Garrison, Esquimalt—Juan de Fuca; Laurin Liu, Rivière-des-Mille-Îles; Élaine Michaud, Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier; Dany Morin, Chicoutimi—Le Fjord; Anne Minh-Thu Quach, Beauharnois—Salaberry; Mike Sullivan, York South—Weston; Denise Savoie, Victoria *Past MPs: (2)

Margaret Mitchell Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell (November 8, 1900 – August 16, 1949) was an American novelist and journalist. Mitchell wrote only one novel that was published during her lifetime, the American Civil War-era novel ''Gone With the Wind (novel), Gone ...

Vancouver East; John Parry, Kenora-Rainy River; *Former federal NDP leaders: (1)

, former federal leader (1995–2003) and former leader of the

Nova Scotia New Democratic Party The Nova Scotia New Democratic Party (Nova Scotia NDP) is a social democratic political party in Nova Scotia, Canada. It is the provincial section for the province of the federal New Democratic Party. It was founded as the Co-operative Commonwe ...

(1980–94) *Current/former provincial NDP leaders: (1) Lorraine Michael, leader of the New Democratic Party of Newfoundland and Labrador *Provincial legislators: (11) Pam Birdsall, NS MLA for Lunenburg; Vicki Conrad, NS MLA for

Queens Queens is the largest by area of the Boroughs of New York City, five boroughs of New York City, coextensive with Queens County, in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York. Located near the western end of Long Island, it is bordered by the ...

; Sharon Blady, Man. MLA for Kirkfield Park Cheri DiNovo, Ontario MPP for Parkdale—High Park; Cindy Forster, Ontario MPP for

Welland Welland is a city in the Regional Municipality of Niagara in Southern Ontario, Canada. As of 2021, it had a population of 55,750. The city is in the centre of Niagara and located within a half-hour driving distance to Niagara Falls, Niagara-on ...

; Spencer Chandra Herbert BC MLA, Gerry Rogers Newfoundland MHA; Marilyn More, NS MLA for Dartmouth South-Portland Valley;

Leonard Preyra Leonard Preyra is a Canadian politician. He represented the riding of Halifax Citadel-Sable Island in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 2006 to 2013. He was a member of the Nova Scotia New Democratic Party. Career Prior to becoming an ...

, NS MLA for Halifax Citadel-Sable Island; Shane Simpson BC MLA; Jonah Schein Ontario MPP *Past provincial legislators: (7) Colin Gabelmann former BC MLA and cabinet minister, Evelyn Gillespie former BC MLA and cabinet minister, Elizabeth Cull, BC MLA and finance minister, Darlene Marzari former BC MLA and cabinet minister,

Jenn McGinn Jenn McGinn (born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, representing the electoral district of Vancouver-Fairview, in a by-election on October 29, 2008. ...

former BC MLA Peter Kormos, former Ontario MPP for Welland and former provincial cabinet minister; David Schreck former BC MLA *Municipal councillors: (13) Marianne Alto Victoria City Councillor; Maria Augimeri, Toronto city council; Constance Barnes, Vancouver Park Board; Janet Davis, Toronto Council; Heather Deal, Vancouver council; Sarah Doucette, Toronto City Councillor; Ben Isitt, Victoria City Councillor; Ron Jones, Windsor council; Michelle Kirby, Oak Bay BC councillor; Trevro Loke, Vancouver Park Board; Diane McNally, Greater Victoria School Board;

Gord Perks Gordon Perks (born October 7, 1963) is a Canadian politician and environmental activist who has served on Toronto City Council since 2006, when he was elected to Ward 16 Parkdale—High Park. Since 2018, Perks has represented Ward 4 Parkdale—H ...

, Toronto City Councillor; Adam Vaughn, Toronto council *Labour leaders: Mary Lou Cherwaty, President of the NTFL; Rick Clarke, President of the NSFL; Fred Hahn, President of CUPE Ontario; Ken Lewenza, President of the CAW; Gil McGowan, President of the AFL; Lana Payne, President of NLFL; Candace Rennick, Secretary Treasurer of CUPE Ontario; Sid Ryan, President of the OFL *Labour organizations: United Steelworkers Toronto Area Council; *Other prominent individuals: Pierre Ducasse, 2003 federal leadership candidate, former Associate President of the party, and former

Quebec lieutenant In Canadian politics, a Quebec lieutenant () is a Quebec politician who is selected by the party leader to be the main advisor or spokesperson on issues specific to Quebec. This is particularly the case when the leader is an anglophone, though se ...

to Layton; progressive economists Marjorie Griffin Cohen, Gordon Laxer,

Mel Watkins Melville Henry Watkins (May 15, 1932 – April 2, 2020) was a Canadian political economist and activist and professor emeritus of economics and political science at the University of Toronto. He was a founder and co-leader with James Laxer o ...

, Andrew Jackson, and Jim Stanford; actress

Sarah Polley Sarah Ellen Polley (born January 8, 1979) is a Canadian filmmaker, writer, political activist and actress.Howell, Peter (September 24, 199"Nobody's Starlet: Toronto's Sarah Polley is Only 20 but already a veteran actor so secure in her craft s ...

;

Bill Tieleman Bill Tieleman (born February 18, 1957) is a lobbyist and former NDP political strategist in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He is known for opposing the 2009 referendum on electoral reform, and the 2018 referendum on whether to hold a second v ...

Martin Singh

;Background Martin Singh is a pharmacist from Musquodoboit Harbour, Nova Scotia, president of the NDP's Faith and Social Justice Commission and president of the Sackville—Eastern Shore NDP

riding association An electoral district association (), commonly known as a riding association () or constituency association, is the basic unit of a political party at the level of the electoral district An electoral (congressional, legislative, etc.) distr ...

. He aimed to build his campaign on four issues: entrepreneurship and engaging the business community, health care and the promotion of a national pharmacare plan, the environment, and the issue of leadership. He is reportedly bilingual. He is not related to

Jagmeet Singh Jagmeet Singh Jimmy Dhaliwal (born January 2, 1979) is a Canadian former politician who served as the leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) from 2017 to 2025 and as the Member of Parliament (Canada), member of Parliament (MP) for Burnaby Sou ...

, who would win the 2017 NDP leadership election. He holds three degrees from

Dalhousie University Dalhousie University (commonly known as Dal) is a large public research university in Nova Scotia, Canada, with three campuses in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Halifax, a fourth in Bible Hill, Nova Scotia, Bible Hill, and a second medical school campus ...

, in

chemistry Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molecules a ...

, chemical engineering and pharmacy, and a

Master of Business Administration A Master of Business Administration (MBA) is a professional degree focused on business administration. The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business administration; elective courses may allow further study in a particular ...

from Saint Mary's University. A former Liberal, Singh had been active with the NDP since the mid-1990s and is president of the party's faith and social justice commission. On December 11, 2005, he was elected president of the Maritime Sikh Society, and is the first person of non-Indian ethnicity to become head of a

gurdwara A gurdwara or gurudwara () is a place of assembly and place of worship, worship in Sikhism, but its normal meaning is "place of guru" or "home of guru". Sikhism, Sikhs also refer to gurdwaras as ''Gurdwara Sahib''. People from all faiths and rel ...

in Canada. On March 14, 2012, he announced that he planned to vote for Thomas Mulcair as his second choice, and urged his supporters to do the same. :Date campaign launched: October 2, 2011 :Campaign website:''
martinsingh.ca
;Other Information *Proposes a National PharmaCare program.

Brian Topp

;Background Brian Topp was President of the NDP from its 2011 convention; he did not participate in establishing the rules of the campaign and resigned to enter the leadership race."Burnaby MP absent from NDP leadership meeting"
''Burnaby Now'', September 9, 2011. He was executive director and CEO of the

ACTRA The Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists (ACTRA) is a Canadian trade union representing performers in English-language media. It has over 30,000 members working in film, television, radio, and all other recorded media. Th ...

Toronto union local. He was previously deputy

chief of staff The title chief of staff (or head of staff) identifies the leader of a complex organization such as the armed forces, institution, or body of persons and it also may identify a principal staff officer (PSO), who is the coordinator of the supportin ...

to Saskatchewan Premier

Roy Romanow Roy John Romanow (born August 12, 1939) is a Canadian politician who served as the 12th premier of Saskatchewan from 1991 to 2001. He was the leader of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party from 1987 until his retirement in 2001. He was the Mem ...

(1993–2000) and senior adviser to Jack Layton during the 2011 election campaign. In the 2006 and 2008 campaigns, he served as NDP federal election campaign director. Raised in Quebec, Topp is fluently bilingual. :Date campaign launched: September 12, 2011 :Campaign website:''
briantopp.ca
;Endorsements *MPs: (13)

Françoise Boivin Françoise Boivin (born June 11, 1960 in Hull, Quebec) is a Canadian politician, who represented the electoral district of Gatineau in the House of Commons of Canada until 2015. She first represented the district from 2004 to 2006 as a member ...

, Gatineau; Libby Davies, Deputy NDP leader and MP for Vancouver East;

Yvon Godin Yvon Godin (born May 12, 1955) is a Canadian politician. Godin was a New Democratic Party (NDP) Member of Parliament (MP) in the House of Commons of Canada, representing the riding of Acadie—Bathurst from 1997 until his retirement in 2015. ...

, Acadie—Bathurst; Alain Giguère, Marc-Aurèle-Fortin; Jean Crowder, Nanaimo—Cowichan; Kennedy Stewart, Burnaby—Douglas; Alexandre Boulerice, Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie; Jasbir Sandhu, Surrey North; Jinny Sims, Newton—North Delta;

Charmaine Borg Charmaine Borg (born November 3, 1990) is a Canadian politician who served as the New Democratic Party (NDP) member of Parliament for the riding of Terrebonne—Blainville in Quebec from 2011 to 2015. Early years Borg was born on November 3 ...

, Terrebonne—Blainville; Isabelle Morin, Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Lachine; Chris Charlton, Hamilton Mountain; Sana Hassainia, Verchères—Les Patriotes (previously backed Thomas Mulcair) *Former federal NDP leaders: (1)

Ed Broadbent John Edward Broadbent (March 21, 1936 – January 11, 2024) was a Canadian social democracy, social-democratic politician and political scientist. He was leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP) from 1975 to 1989, and a Member of Parliament (Ca ...

, former federal leader (1975–1989) *Former provincial NDP leaders: (4)

, former Premier of Saskatchewan; Carole James, former leader of the British Columbia NDP; Lorne Calvert, former Premier of Saskatchewan; Dan Miller, former Premier of British Columbia *Past MPs: (7)

Jim Manly James Douglas Manly (born 29 October 1932) is a former Canadian politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Cowichan—Malahat—The Islands from 1980 to 1988. A member of the New Democratic Party, he also was a clergyman, facto ...

, former MP Cowichan Malahat and the Islands; Lynn Hunter, former MP Saanich and the Islands;

Judy Wasylycia-Leis Klazina Judith Wasylycia-Leis (; born 1951) is a Canadian politician. She was a Manitoba cabinet minister in the government of Howard Pawley from 1986 to 1988, and was a member of the House of Commons of Canada from September 22, 1997, to April ...

, former MP for Winnipeg North, and Manitoba MLA and provincial cabinet minister; Bill Siksay, former MP for Burnaby—Douglas; Rod Murphy, former MP for Churchill; John Solomon, former MP for Regina—Lumsden—Lake Centre; Peter Mancini, former MP for Sydney—Victoria *Provincial legislators: (23)

Christine Melnick Christine "Chris" Melnick (born 1950) is a former politician in Manitoba, Canada. She was a cabinet minister in the governments led by New Democratic Party (NDP) Premiers Gary Doer and Greg Selinger. Born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Melnick received ...

, Manitoba MLA and cabinet minister;

, former MP, BC MLA, former acting leader of the BC NDP;

John Horgan John Joseph Horgan (August 7, 1959 – November 12, 2024) was a Canadian politician and diplomat who served as the 36th premier of British Columbia from 2017 to 2022 and the ambassador of Canada to Germany from 2023 to 2024. He led the Briti ...

, BC MLA; Michelle Mungall, BC MLA; Sue Hammell, BC MLA; Harry Bains, BC MLA; Bruce Ralston, BC MLA; Jagrup Brar, BC MLA; Maurine Karagianis, BC MLA; Scott Fraser, BC MLA; Bill Routley, BC MLA;

Doug Routley Doug Routley (born May 9, 1961) is a former MLA for Nanaimo-North Cowichan in the Canadian province of British Columbia.Harry Lali, BC MLA;

Katrine Conroy Katrine Conroy (' Thor-Larsen; born 1957) is a Canadian politician who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in the 2005 provincial election and served until 2024. She represented the electoral district of Kootenay West a ...

, BC MLA;

Lana Popham Lana Popham is a Canadian politician representing the riding of Saanich South in the Legislature of British Columbia. As a member of the British Columbia New Democratic Party (BC NDP), she has served in the Executive Council since 2017, curre ...

, BC MLA; Kathy Corrigan, BC MLA;

Raj Chouhan Raj Chouhan is a Canadians, Canadian politician and trade unionist, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia as the MLA for Burnaby-Edmonds in the 2005 British Columbia general election, 2005 provincial election. He is ...

, BC MLA; Mat Whynott, NS MLA for Hammonds Plains-Upper Sackville;

Lenore Zann Lenore Zann (born November 22, 1959) is a Canadian actress and politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for the riding of Cumberland—Colchester in the House of Commons of Canada as a member of the Liberal Party. Before ent ...

, NS MLA for Truro-Bible Hill;

Rachel Notley Rachel Anne Notley (born April 17, 1964) is a Canadian lawyer and former politician who was the 17th premier of Alberta from 2015 to 2019 and leader of the Alberta New Democratic Party (NDP) from 2014 to 2024. Notley was the member of the Le ...

, AB MLA for Edmonton Strathcona; Warren McCall, SK MLA for Regina Elphinstone-Centre; Jim Morton, NS MLA for Kings North; Maureen MacDonald, NS MLA for

Halifax Needham Halifax Needham is a provincial electoral district in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. It has existed since 1967, though its boundaries have changed periodically. Halifax Needham encompa ...

*Past provincial legislators: (21) Chuck Puchmayr, former BC MLA; Gerard Janssen, former BC MLA and cabinet minister; Anita Hagen, former BC MLA and cabinet minister; Nathalie Rochefort, former Quebec Liberal MNA; John Cashore, former BC MLA and cabinet minister; Mark Koenker, former Saskatchewan MLA; Pat Atkinson, former Saskatchewan MLA;

Joy MacPhail Joy Kathryn MacPhail (born March 6, 1952) is a former Canadian politician in British Columbia. A longtime member of the British Columbia New Democratic Party, she served as a member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from 1991 to 2005 and as a ...

, former interim leader of BC NDP, former BC finance minister; Clay Serby, former Deputy Premier of Saskatchewan; Judy Bradley, former Saskatchewan MLA; Elwood Cowley, former Saskatchewan MLA; Darrel Cunningham, former Saskatchewan MLA; Doreen Hamilton, former Saskatchewan MLA; Deb Higgins, former Saskatchewan MLA; Judy Junor, former Saskatchewan MLA; Eldon Lautermilch, former Saskatchewan MLA; Frank Quennell, former Saskatchewan MLA; Herman Rolfes, former Saskatchewan MLA;

Lorne Scott Reginald Lorne Scott, C.M. (2009) (b. May 19, 1947) is a Canadian environmentalist and former political figure in Saskatchewan, Canada. From 1991 to 1995 he represented the seat of Indian Head-Wolseley and from 1995 to 1999 he represented Indi ...

, former Saskatchewan MLA; Len Taylor, former Saskatchewan MLA; Berny Wiens, former Saskatchewan MLA *Unions:

United Steelworkers The United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service Workers International Union, commonly known as the United Steelworkers (USW), is a general trade union with members across North America. Headqua ...

*Other prominent individuals: Raymond Guardia, former regional executive director of ACTRA and NDP Quebec campaign director in 2011;

Peter Keleghan Peter Keleghan (born September 16, 1959) is a Canadian actor and writer, perhaps best known for portraying Ben Bellow in the comedy series '' 18 to Life'', Clark Claxton Sr. in the comedy series '' Billable Hours'' and Ranger Gord in '' The Red G ...

, comedian; Doris Layton, mother of

and widow of former PC cabinet minister Robert Layton; Derek Corrigan, Mayor of

Burnaby Burnaby is a city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada. Located in the centre of the Burrard Peninsula, it neighbours the City of Vancouver to the west, the District of North Vancouver across the confluence of the Burrard In ...

, BC; Desmond Morton, prominent historian ;Other Information *Co-wrote the 2011 platform. He proposed a new federal income tax bracket of 35% for anyone who earns above $250,000 per year.

Withdrawn candidacies

Robert Chisholm

;Background Robert Chisholm was the MP for

Dartmouth—Cole Harbour Dartmouth—Cole Harbour (formerly Dartmouth and Dartmouth—Halifax East) is a federal electoral district (Canada), electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. Demographic ...

, in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He was first elected federally during the 2011 election, and until he announced his candidacy, was the Official Opposition's Critic for International Trade, ACOA and the Atlantic Gateway. Prior to federal politics, he was the Leader of the Nova Scotia NDP from 1996 to 2000. In 1998, he led the NDP to official opposition, the first time since the party's predecessor

Co-operative Commonwealth Federation The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF; , FCC) was a federal democratic socialism, democratic socialistThe following sources describe the CCF as a democratic socialist political party: * * * * * * and social democracy, social-democ ...

(CCF) accomplished that feat in the 1940s under Donald MacDonald. Chisholm was a former Atlantic Regional Director for

Canadian Union of Public Employees The Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE; ) is a Canadian trade union serving the public sector – although it has in recent years organized workplaces in the non-profit and para-public sector as well. CUPE is the largest union in Canada, ...

. He does not speak fluent French, although he enrolled in a French immersion course. He announced his candidacy at a press conference in Halifax, on October 30. Chisholm withdrew his candidacy on December 21, 2011, citing his lack of fluency in French, and on February 29, 2012, endorsed Thomas Mulcair for leadership. :Date campaign launched: October 30, 2011 :Date candidacy withdrawn: December 21, 2011 :Campaign website: '
robert2012.ca
;Endorsements *MP: (1)

, St. John's South—Mount Pearl, NL *Current/former provincial NDP leaders: (2) Darrell Dexter, Premier of Nova Scotia; Howard Hampton, former leader of the

. *Provincial legislators: (9) Graham Steele, NS MLA, Dave Wilson, NS MLA, Maureen MacDonald, NS MLA, John MacDonnell, NS MLA, Marilyn More, NS MLA, Bill Estabrooks, NS MLA, Becky Kent, NS MLA, Mat Whynott, NS MLA, Sid Prest, NS MLA

Romeo Saganash

;Background

is the MP for

Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou (formerly known as Abitibi, Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik and Nunavik—Eeyou) is a federal riding in the province of Quebec, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 19 ...

, Quebec, first elected in May 2011, and was critic for natural resources. Saganash is also former Deputy Grand Chief and director of governmental relations and international affairs for the

Grand Council of the Crees The Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee) or the GCC(EI) (ᐄᔨᔨᐤ ᐊᔅᒌ in Cree), is the political body that represents the approximately 20,000 Cree people (who call themselves "Eeyou" or "Eenou" in the various dialects of East ...

and former vice-chairman of the Cree Regional Authority. He helped to negotiate the

Paix des Braves The Agreement Respecting a New Relationship Between the Cree Nation and the Government of Quebec (dubbed as the , French for "Peace of the Braves" by the Parti Québécois government) is an agreement between the Government of Quebec, Canada, ...

agreement between the Cree Nation and the Government of Quebec. He is fluently trilingual having been raised speaking Cree, English, and French. Saganash announced on February 9, 2012, that he was withdrawing from the race, citing illness in his family and a lack of confidence in his campaign. On March 7, 2012, he endorsed Thomas Mulcair for leadership. :Date campaign launched: September 16, 2011 :Date candidacy withdrawn: February 9, 2012 :Campaign Website:''
saganash.ca
;Endorsements *MPs: (2) Christine Moore, Abitibi—Témiscamingue; Pierre Dionne Labelle, Rivière-du-Nord *Other prominent individuals: Marc Laferriere, former federal NDP candidate for Brant, Grant Robertson, former federal and provincial NDP Candidate for Huron-Bruce who was also the Ontario Coordinator of the National Farmers Union and Cameron Dearlove, former provincial NDP candidate for Kitchener Centre.

Declined

, MP for Timmins-James Bay *

, MP for

Gatineau Gatineau ( ; ) is a city in southwestern Quebec, Canada. It is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River, directly across from Ottawa, Ontario. Gatineau is the largest city in the Outaouais administrative region of Quebec and is also p ...

. * Alexandre Boulerice, MP for Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie. * Chris Charlton, MP for Hamilton Mountain* *

Olivia Chow Olivia Chow (born March 24, 1957) is a Canadian politician who has been the 66th and current mayor of Toronto since July 12, 2023. Previously, Chow served as the New Democratic Party (NDP) member of Parliament (MP) for Trinity—Spadina fro ...

, MP for Trinity—Spadina, Jack Layton's widow *

, MP for St. John's South—Mount Pearl * Joe Comartin, MP for Windsor—Tecumseh * Libby Davies, MP for

Vancouver East Vancouver East () is a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1935. Since 2015, it has been represented by New Democratic Party MP Jenny Kwan. Vancouver East ...

Gary Doer Gary Albert Doer (born 31 March 1948) is a former Canadians, Canadian politician and diplomat from Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. He served as Canada's List of Canadian ambassadors to the United States, ambassador to the United States from 19 Octo ...

Canadian Ambassador to the United States This is a list of ambassadors of Canada to the United States, formally titled as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the United States of America for His erMajesty's Government in Canada. Originally, Canada's top diplomatic representa ...

and former

Premier of Manitoba The premier of Manitoba () is the first minister (i.e., head of government or chief executive) for the Canadian province of Manitoba—as well as the ''de facto'' President of the province's Executive Council. In formal terms, the premier rec ...

* Linda Duncan, MP for Edmonton—Strathcona *

Peter Julian Peter S. Julian (born April 16, 1962) is a Canadian politician who was a Member of Parliament for the New Democratic Party (NDP) from 2004 to 2025. He represented the ridings of Burnaby—New Westminster from 2004 to 2015 and New Westminste ...

, MP for

Burnaby—New Westminster Burnaby—New Westminster was a federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada, that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 2004 to 2015. Demographics ''(According to the 2001 Canadian census)'' Ethnic groups: 50.7% W ...

Megan Leslie Megan Anissa Leslie (born September 29, 1973) is a Canadian politician and environmental advocate. She is the president and CEO of World Wildlife Fund Canada, World Wildlife Fund Canada (WWFC) and on the advisory board of the Leaders' Debates C ...

, MP for Halifax *

, MP for

Winnipeg Centre Winnipeg Centre () is a federal electoral district (Canada), electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1925 and since 1997. History This riding was originally created in 1 ...

* Anne McGrath, Jack Layton's Chief of Staff * David Miller, former

Mayor of Toronto The mayor of Toronto is the head of Toronto City Council and chief executive officer of the Municipal government of Toronto, municipal government. The mayor is elected alongside city council every four years on the fourth Monday of October; t ...

. *

, MP for Sackville—Eastern Shore

Polling

August 2011

A poll conducted between August 23 and 28, 2011, indicated that 51% of Canadians did not know who was best to lead the NDP.

and

each received support from 14% of respondents, while

Bob Rae Robert Keith Rae (born August 2, 1948) is a Canadian diplomat and former politician who is the current Canadian Ambassador to the United Nations since 2020. He previously served as the 21st premier of Ontario from 1990 to 1995, leader of the ...

was selected by 9%. Brian Topp and Nycole Turmel each received 3% support.

September 2011

A survey conducted by Angus Reid Public Opinion on September 20 and 21, 2011, found that 28% of Canadian voters would vote for the NDP if it was headed by Mulcair and 25% of Canadians would support the NDP under Topp. A survey conducted by Leger Marketing between September 12 and 15, 2011, found that 17% of NDP supporters favoured Mulcair as leader. Topp received support from 10% of the same group. Saganash received support from 1% of Quebec NDP voters, but no support outside the province. Paul Dewar received support from 3% of NDP voters in Canada, Peggy Nash and Nathan Cullen each received 2% support and Peter Julian received 1% of the support. A Harris- Decima poll conducted between September 1 and 4, 2011, showed support for Chow at 19%, Mulcair at 14%,

at 6%, Paul Dewar at 3%, and Libby Davies, Topp,

and Robert Chisholm all at 2%. Among NDP supporters, 22% would support Chow, 21% Mulcair, 7% for Doer, 4% for Dewar and Davies each, 3% for Julian and just 2% for Topp and Chisholm each.

December 2011

A survey conducted by Forum Research for the

National Post The ''National Post'' is a Canadian English-language broadsheet newspaper and the flagship publication of the American-owned Postmedia Network. It is published Mondays through Saturdays, with Monday released as a digital e-edition only.

on December 13, 2011, surveyed 300 NDP supporters on their opinions for NDP leader. Of those surveyed, 47% were undecided. The remaining 53% of supporters were split between Thomas Mulcair (45%), Peggy Nash (16%) with Paul Dewar and Brian Topp at 8%.

January 2012

A survey conducted by

Abacus Data Abacus Data is a Canadian polling and market research firm based in Ottawa, Ontario. It was founded in August 2010,

asked respondents whether they were aware of the candidates running for the leadership of the NDP. Thomas Mulcair and Brian Topp were the most likely to be known by respondents. 36% of respondents were aware of Thomas Mulcair while 31% were aware of Brian Topp. Paul Dewar (27% aware) and Peggy Nash (23%) rounded out the top four. Among NDP supporters (those who said they would vote NDP if an election were held the time of the poll), the order was the same with Mulcair (38%), Topp (32%), Dewar (27%), and Nash (21%) in the top four. Over three in ten NDP supporters had not heard of any of the candidates prior to our poll. Regionally, Mulcair's name recognition in Quebec exceeded all other competitors in all other regions of the country and his national lead in name recognition was almost entirely due to Quebecers' awareness of him. 64% of Quebec respondents were aware of Thomas Mulcair. Outside of Quebec, Mulcair's name recognition never exceeded 25%. A Forum Research poll for the

on January 18, 2012, surveyed 1,200 Canadians on their opinions for NDP leader. Of those surveyed, 14% supported Thomas Mulcair, followed by 6% for Peggy Nash, 5% each for Brian Topp and Paul Dewar, 3% for Romeo Saganash, and 2% each for Niki Ashton, Nathan Cullen, and Martin Singh. Of the 300 self-declared NDP supporters, Mulcair won 19% support, again followed by Nash (10%), Topp (6%), Dewar (6%), Saganash (4%), Cullen (4%), Singh (2%), and Ashton (1%), while 48% of NDP supporters were undecided. Among decided NDP supporters, Mulcair was supported by 36%, followed by Nash (20%), Topp (11%), Dewar (11%), Saganash (8%), Cullen (7%), Singh (4%) and Ashton (3%)

February 2012

On February 13, Paul Dewar's campaign partially released the results of an IVR poll commissioned by them and held on February 8 & 9. With responses from 6,373 households in "every region of Canada", the first choice responses weighted by NDP membership per province for decided voters were: Thomas Mulcair 25.5%, Peggy Nash 16.8%, Paul Dewar 15.1%, Nathan Cullen 12.8%, Brian Topp 12.7%, Niki Ashton 9.5%, Martin Singh 4.1%, Romeo Saganash 3.6%. 31.0% of respondents were undecided. In response, the Topp campaign responded saying their own surveys place him at 28%.

March 2012

In the run-up to the convention, Thomas Mulcair was predicted as leading the pack.

Convention

Thomas-Mulcair-NDP-Leadership-Acceptance-Speech

Just prior to the convention opening, Brian Topp and Ed Broadbent, both defined the race as staying true to the NDP cause, by going with Topp, or moving to the centre and away from its current principles by going with Thomas Mulcair.

Pundit A pundit is a person who offers opinion in an authoritative manner on a particular subject area (typically politics, the social sciences, technology or sport), usually through the mass media. The term pundit describes both women and men, altho ...

s had comparisons with

New Labour New Labour is the political philosophy that dominated the history of the British Labour Party from the mid-late 1990s to 2010 under the leadership of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. The term originated in a conference slogan first used by the ...

in Britain under

Tony Blair Sir Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party (UK), Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007. He was Leader ...

and

Gordon Brown James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party (UK), Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 to 2010. Previously, he was Chancellor of the Ex ...

, with Mulcair's stance on the party. The first day, March 23, was devoted to candidate speeches and a tribute to Jack Layton. Peggy Nash was seen by many to have bad time management skills, having run out of time, and being ushered out by music to indicate end of time. That was due to overly long introductory portion of her 20-minute allotment. Thomas Mulcair also disappointed by having to speed through his speech after a similar overly long introduction by supporters, instead of having a great speech as anticipated, to end in a timely manner and not be ushered out for being over time. Brian Topp was considered to have one of the most polished presentations, while Nathan Cullen distinguished himself by speaking without notes or a teleprompter. Entering balloting day, pundits predicted the perceived front runner, Thomas Mulcair, would receive support in the first round between 30 and 35 percent, though some people in the Mulcair camp predicted 40 percent. Pundits expected a clear multi-ballot win if Mulcair received 35 percent or more, and a multi-ballot slugout if his share was nearer 30 percent, which would allow other challengers to catch up and beat him. Voting for the first round ended up at roughly half the 128,351 eligible voters, lower than expected but still much higher than the usual participation rates at conventions. This was likely due to the fact that all eligible NDP members could vote, and not just convention delegates. Participation was still lower than the roughly 60% of the general electorate who voted in the last national general election however. Most of Martin Singh's supporters, according to pundits, migrated to Thomas Mulcair, accounting for most of Mulcair's rise on the second ballot. After Peggy Nash was eliminated in the second ballot, her supporters split fairly evenly between the three remaining candidates, for the third ballot, surprising many pundits. During the voting for the third ballot, the NDP polling site was the target of a

denial-of-service attack In computing, a denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is a cyberattack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host co ...

, forcing a prolongation of the voting period, and separating voting from those at the convention and those at home. Brain Topp ultimately finished second on the fourth and final ballot with 42.8% of the vote to Mulcair's 57.2%, allowing Thomas Mulcair to win the leadership.

Results

: = Eliminated from next round : = Withdrew nomination : = Winner

References

External links

NDP - Leadership 2012
(Official site)
Regulations Governing the 2012 Leadership Campaign & Convention

The Pundits' Guide to the NDP Federal Leadership Race
{{NDP New Democratic Party leadership election

2012 2012 was designated as: *International Year of Cooperatives *International Year of Sustainable Energy for All Events January *January 4 – The Cicada 3301 internet hunt begins. * January 12 – Peaceful protests begin in the R ...

New Democratic Party leadership election New Democratic Party leadership election

Convention timing

Election rules

Leadership debates

Timeline

Candidates

Niki Ashton

Nathan Cullen

Paul Dewar

Tom Mulcair

Peggy Nash

Martin Singh

Brian Topp

Withdrawn candidacies

Robert Chisholm

Romeo Saganash

Declined

Polling

August 2011

September 2011

December 2011

January 2012

February 2012

March 2012

Convention

Results

See also

References

External links