Events
January
*
January 2
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor.
* 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Emp ...
– The International
Alpha Omicron Pi
Alpha Omicron Pi (, AOII, Alpha O) is an international sorority founded on January 2, 1897, at Barnard College on the campus of Columbia University in Manhattan, New York City. The main archive URL iThe Baird's Manual Online Archive homepage
"AO ...
sorority is founded, in
New York City
New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
.
*
January 4
Events Pre-1600
*46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina.
* 871 – Battle of Reading (871), Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred the Great, Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasi ...
– A British force is ambushed by Chief
Ologbosere, son-in-law of the ruler. This leads to a
punitive expedition against
Benin
Benin, officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It was formerly known as Dahomey. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, Burkina Faso to the north-west, and Niger to the north-east. The majority of its po ...
.
*
January 7
Events Pre-1600
*49 BC – The Senate of the Roman Republic, Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army, prompting the tribunes who support him to flee to where Caesar is waiting in Ravenna ...
– A
cyclone destroys
Darwin,
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
.
*
January 8
Events Pre-1600
* 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi becomes emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty in succession to his brother, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong, despite a challenge from his other brother, Sima Ying.
* 871 ...
– Lady
Flora Shaw, future wife of Governor General
Lord Lugard, officially proposes the name "Nigeria" in a newspaper contest, to be given to the British
Niger Coast Protectorate.
*
January 22
Events Pre-1600
* 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople.
* 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...
– In this date's issue of the journal ''Engineering'', the word ''
computer
A computer is a machine that can be Computer programming, programmed to automatically Execution (computing), carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (''computation''). Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic set ...
'' is first used to refer to a mechanical calculation device.
*
January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
* 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on th ...
– The
Czechoslovak Trade Union Association is founded in
Prague
Prague ( ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in the Czech Republic, largest city of the Czech Republic and the historical capital of Bohemia. Prague, located on the Vltava River, has a population of about 1.4 million, while its P ...
.
February
*
February 10
Events Pre-1600
* 1258 – The Siege of Baghdad ends with the surrender of the last Abbasid caliph to Hulegu Khan, a prince of the Mongol Empire.
* 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bru ...
– Freedom of religion is proclaimed in
Madagascar
Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...
.
*
February 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire.
* 1270 – The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battl ...
– The French conquer the island of
Raiatea and capture the rebel chief
Teraupo'o, ending the
Leeward Islands War and bringing all of the
Society Islands
The Society Islands ( , officially ; ) are an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean that includes the major islands of Tahiti, Mo'orea, Moorea, Raiatea, Bora Bora and Huahine. Politically, they are part of French Polynesia, an overseas country ...
under their control.
*
February 18
Events Pre-1600
* 3102 BC – Kali Yuga, the fourth and final yuga of Hinduism, starts with the death of Krishna.
* 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining J ...
–
Benin
Benin, officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It was formerly known as Dahomey. It is bordered by Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east, Burkina Faso to the north-west, and Niger to the north-east. The majority of its po ...
is put to the torch by the British Army's
Benin Expedition.
Ovonramwen,
Oba of Benin, is exiled from his kingdom and the
Benin Bronzes are carried off to London.
*
February 26
Events Pre-1600
* 747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events.
* 320 – Chandragupta ...
– The
Sigma Pi fraternity is founded in Vincennes, Indiana.
*
February 27
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity.
* 425 – The University of Constantin ...
– The
French military governor of
Madagascar
Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...
,
Joseph Gallieni, exiles Queen
Ranavalona III to
Réunion
Réunion (; ; ; known as before 1848) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department and region of France. Part of the Mascarene Islands, it is located approximately east of the isl ...
, abolishing the
monarchy
A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, reigns as head of state for the rest of their life, or until abdication. The extent of the authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic (constitutio ...
the next day.
March
*
March 13
Events Pre-1600
* 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander.
* 624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Mu ...
–
San Diego State University
San Diego State University (SDSU) is a Public university, public research university in San Diego, California, United States. Founded in 1897, it is the third-oldest university and southernmost in the 23-member California State University (CS ...
is founded.
*
March 22
Events Pre-1600
* 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea.
* 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century.
* 871 – Æthel ...
–
Emilio Aguinaldo unseats
Andrés Bonifacio at the
Tejeros Convention
The Tejeros Convention (Spanish: ''Convención de Tejeros''; Tagalog: ''Kapulungan sa Tejeros''), also referred to as the Tejeros Assembly or Tejeros Congress, was a meeting held on March 22, 1897, in San Francisco de Malabon (now General Tria ...
, becoming the new head of the Filipino revolutionary group
Katipunan.
April
*
April 15
** Drillers near
Bartlesville, Oklahoma strike oil for the first time, in the designated "Indian Territory", on land leased from the
Osage Indians. The gusher, at the
Nellie Johnstone Number One well, leads to rapid population growth.
**
Yamaichi Securities founded in Japan; it will cease trading a hundred years later.
*
April 18
Events Pre-1600
* 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days.
* 1428 – Peace of Ferrara ...
– the
Greco-Turkish War of 1897 Breaks out.
*
April 19 – The first
Boston Marathon is held in the United States, with fifteen men competing, and won by
John McDermott.
*
April 23 – Representatives of the
Chickasaw Nation,
Choctaw Nation and U.S.
Dawes Commission sign the
Atoka Agreement, which becomes an important precursor for creating the State of Oklahoma.
*
April 27–
6 May –
Greco-Turkish War of 1897:
Battle of Velestino.
*
April 30 –
J. J. Thomson of the
Cavendish Laboratory announces his discovery of the
electron
The electron (, or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary charge, elementary electric charge. It is a fundamental particle that comprises the ordinary matter that makes up the universe, along with up qua ...
as a
subatomic particle
In physics, a subatomic particle is a particle smaller than an atom. According to the Standard Model of particle physics, a subatomic particle can be either a composite particle, which is composed of other particles (for example, a baryon, lik ...
, over 1,800 times smaller than a
proton
A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol , Hydron (chemistry), H+, or 1H+ with a positive electric charge of +1 ''e'' (elementary charge). Its mass is slightly less than the mass of a neutron and approximately times the mass of an e ...
(in the atomic nucleus), at a lecture at the
Royal Institution in London.
May
*
May 6
Events Pre-1600
* 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance.
* 1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Sp ...
–
John Jacob Abel announces the successful isolation of
epinephrine (
adrenaline
Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration). It appears as a white microcrystalline granule. Adrenaline is normally produced by the adrenal glands a ...
), in a paper read before the Association of American Physicians.
*
May 10
Events Pre-1600
* 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China.
* 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...
– 19 zinc miners die of
carbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide poisoning typically occurs from breathing in carbon monoxide (CO) at excessive levels. Symptoms are often described as " flu-like" and commonly include headache, dizziness, weakness, vomiting, chest pain, and confusion. Large ...
at
Snaefell Mine on the
Isle of Man
The Isle of Man ( , also ), or Mann ( ), is a self-governing British Crown Dependency in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland. As head of state, Charles III holds the title Lord of Mann and is represented by a Lieutenant Govern ...
.
*
May 11
Events Pre-1600
* 330 – Constantine the Great dedicates the much-expanded and rebuilt city of Byzantium, changing its name to New Rome and declaring it the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire.
*868 – A copy of the Diamond Sūtr ...
– A patent is awarded for the invention of the first automotive
muffler, with the granting by the U.S. Patent Office of application number 582,485 to
Milton Reeves and his brother Marshall T. Reeves, of the Reeves Pulley Company of
Columbus, Indiana.
*
May 14
** ''
The Stars and Stripes Forever'', an
American patriotic march by
John Philip Sousa, is performed for the first time.
** (or
May 15) – The
Scientific-Humanitarian Committee (''
Wissenschaftlich-humanitäres Komitee'', WhK) is founded in Berlin as an
LGBT campaigning organization,
the first such in history.
*
May 19 –
Oscar Wilde
Oscar Fingal O'Fflahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was an Irish author, poet, and playwright. After writing in different literary styles throughout the 1880s, he became one of the most popular and influential playwright ...
is released from prison in England, and goes into voluntary exile on the continent.
*
May 22 – The
Blackwall Tunnel, at this time the longest underwater road tunnel in the world, is opened for traffic beneath the
River Thames
The River Thames ( ), known alternatively in parts as the The Isis, River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the Longest rivers of the United Kingdom, s ...
in the
East End of London by the
Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales (, ; ) is a title traditionally given to the male heir apparent to the History of the English monarchy, English, and later, the British throne. The title originated with the Welsh rulers of Kingdom of Gwynedd, Gwynedd who, from ...
.
*
May 26 – Irish-born theatrical manager
Bram Stoker
Abraham Stoker (8 November 1847 – 20 April 1912), better known by his pen name Bram Stoker, was an Irish novelist who wrote the 1897 Gothic horror novel ''Dracula''. The book is widely considered a milestone in Vampire fiction, and one of t ...
's contemporary Gothic horror novel ''
Dracula
''Dracula'' is an 1897 Gothic fiction, Gothic horror fiction, horror novel by Irish author Bram Stoker. The narrative is Epistolary novel, related through letters, diary entries, and newspaper articles. It has no single protagonist and opens ...
'' is first published (in London); it will influence the direction of
vampire literature for the following century.
*
May 31 – On Decoration Day (later
Memorial Day) the
Robert Gould Shaw Memorial is dedicated in Boston. The bronze bas relief by
Augustus St. Gaudens depicts the
54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment of black Civil War soldiers.
June
*
June 12 –
1897 Assam earthquake: An earthquake of magnitude of 8.0 rocks
Assam
Assam (, , ) is a state in Northeast India, northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra Valley, Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of . It is the second largest state in Northeast India, nor ...
,
India
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
, killing over 1,500 people.
*
June 18
Events Pre-1600
* 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China.
* 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
* 860 – Siege of Constantinople (860), Byzantine� ...
–
Kyoto University is officially established in
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asia, Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea ...
.
*
June 22
Events Pre-1600
*217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.
*168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Roman Republic, Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus, Luciu ...
– The
Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria is celebrated in the United Kingdom. No other British monarch will celebrate such a jubilee until
Elizabeth II
Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 19268 September 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms from 6 February 1952 until Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, her death in 2022. ...
in
2012
2012 was designated as:
*International Year of Cooperatives
*International Year of Sustainable Energy for All
Events January
*January 4 – The Cicada 3301 internet hunt begins.
* January 12 – Peaceful protests begin in the R ...
.
July
*
July 11
Events Pre-1600
* 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and becomes a monk (under the name Athanasius).
* 911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair ...
–
S. A. Andrée's Arctic Balloon Expedition of 1897 begins. The ill-fated expedition to fly over the Arctic results in the death of the entire team within months.
*
July 17 – The
Klondike Gold Rush begins when the first successful prospectors arrive in
Seattle
Seattle ( ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Washington and in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. With a population of 780,995 in 2024, it is the 18th-most populous city in the United States. The city is the cou ...
*
July 25 – Writer
Jack London
John Griffith London (; January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916), better known as Jack London, was an American novelist, journalist and activist. A pioneer of commercial fiction and American magazines, he was one of the first American authors t ...
sails to join the
Klondike Gold Rush, where he will write his first successful stories.
*
July 26–
August 2 –
Siege of Malakand: British troops are besieged by
Pashtun tribesmen in
Malakand, on the Northwest frontier of
British India
The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in South Asia. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one form or another ...
(modern-day
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (; ; , ; abbr. KP or KPK), formerly known as the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Northern Pakistan, northwestern region of the country, Khyber ...
in
Pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...
).
*
July 31 –
Mount Saint Elias, the second highest peak in the United States and Canada, is first ascended.
August
*
August 10 – At the
Bayer
Bayer AG (English: , commonly pronounced ; ) is a German multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company and is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies and biomedical companies in the world. Headquartered in Leverkusen, Bayer' ...
pharmaceutical company, pharmacist
Felix Hoffmann successfully synthesizes
acetylsalicylic acid, after isolating a compound from a plant of the
Spiraea family; the company markets it under the brand name "
Aspirin".
*
August 21
Events Pre-1600
* 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège.
*1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song War ...
– The
Olds Motor Vehicle Co. is founded in
Lansing, Michigan
Lansing () is the List of capitals in the United States, capital city of the U.S. state of Michigan. The most populous city in Ingham County, Michigan, Ingham County, parts of the city extend into Eaton County, Michigan, Eaton County and nort ...
, by
Ransom E. Olds.
*
August 29 – The
First Zionist Congress convenes in
Basel
Basel ( ; ), also known as Basle ( ), ; ; ; . is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine (at the transition from the High Rhine, High to the Upper Rhine). Basel is Switzerland's List of cities in Switzerland, third-most-populo ...
, Switzerland.
*
August 31
Events Pre-1600
* 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty.
* 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one ye ...
–
Thomas Edison
Thomas Alva Edison (February11, 1847October18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. These inventions, ...
is granted a patent for the
Kinetoscope, a precursor of the
movie projector
A movie projector (or film projector) is an optics, opto-mechanics, mechanical device for displaying Film, motion picture film by projecting it onto a movie screen, screen. Most of the optical and mechanical elements, except for the illuminat ...
.
September
*
September 1 – The
Tremont Street subway is opened in Boston, Massachusetts.
*
September 10 –
Lattimer massacre: A sheriff's posse kills 19 unarmed immigrant miners in
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...
.
*
September 11 – After months of searching, generals of
Menelik II of Ethiopia capture
Gaki Sherocho, the last king of
Kaffa, bringing an end to that ancient kingdom.
*
September 12 –
Battle of Saragarhi: Twenty-one
Sikh
Sikhs (singular Sikh: or ; , ) are an ethnoreligious group who adhere to Sikhism, a religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Guru Nanak. The term ''Si ...
s of the
36th Sikhs regiment of the
British Indian Army defend an army post to the death, against 10,000
Afghan and
Orakzai tribesmen, in the
Tirah Campaign on the Northwest frontier of the
British Raj
The British Raj ( ; from Hindustani language, Hindustani , 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the colonial rule of the British The Crown, Crown on the Indian subcontinent,
*
* lasting from 1858 to 1947.
*
* It is also called Crown rule ...
(modern-day
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (; ; , ; abbr. KP or KPK), formerly known as the North West Frontier Province (NWFP), is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Northern Pakistan, northwestern region of the country, Khyber ...
in
Pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# ...
).
*
September 20 – Greece and Turkey sign a peace treaty to end the
Greco-Turkish War.
*
September 21 –
Francis P. Church responds (anonymously) to a letter to the editor of
''The Sun'' (New York City) that is known as the famous "
Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus" letter.
October
*
October 5 – After a long siege, Brazilian government troops take
Canudos in north Brazil, crushing
Antônio Conselheiro and his followers.
*
October 6 –
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east, Ken ...
adopts the tricolor flag: green is for the land, yellow for gold, and red is symbolic of strength and the blood shed.
*
October 12
** The
Korean Empire is proclaimed, marking the end of the
Joseon
Joseon ( ; ; also romanized as ''Chosun''), officially Great Joseon (), was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years. It was founded by Taejo of Joseon in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom w ...
dynasty after just over 500 years.
** The city of
Belo Horizonte
Belo Horizonte is the List of largest cities in Brazil, sixth-largest city in Brazil, with a population of around 2.3 million, and the third largest metropolitan area, containing a population of 6 million. It is the List of cities in Sout ...
, Brazil is created. The construction of the second Brazilian
planned city
A planned community, planned city, planned town, or planned settlement is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve ...
is completed successfully; an immigration of 1,000,000 people is estimated.
** (Cruiser # 3, later CM-1) is recommissioned, since
1890
Events
January
* January 1 – The Kingdom of Italy establishes Eritrea as its colony in the Horn of Africa.
* January 2 – Alice Sanger becomes the first female staffer in the White House.
* January 11 – 1890 British Ultimatum: The Uni ...
, for several months of duty in the
Hawaiian Islands.
*
October 13 – , a
pre-dreadnought battleship of the
Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom. It is a component of His Majesty's Naval Service, and its officers hold their commissions from the King of the United Kingdom, King. Although warships were used by Kingdom ...
, is launched at
Portsmouth
Portsmouth ( ) is a port city status in the United Kingdom, city and unitary authority in Hampshire, England. Most of Portsmouth is located on Portsea Island, off the south coast of England in the Solent, making Portsmouth the only city in En ...
, England; she will be deployed widely in World War I.
*
October 23 – The
Kappa Delta sorority is founded in Farmville,
Virginia
Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...
.
November
*
November 1 –
Juventus FC
Juventus Football Club (; from , ), commonly known as Juventus or colloquially as Juve (), is an Italian professional Association football, football List of football clubs in Italy, club based in Turin, Piedmont, who compete in Serie A, the ...
is founded as an
association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 Football player, players who almost exclusively use their feet to propel a Ball (association football), ball around a rectangular f ...
club in
Turin
Turin ( , ; ; , then ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital from 1861 to 1865. The city is main ...
.
*
November 25
Events Pre-1600
*571 BC – Servius Tullius, king of Ancient Rome, Rome, celebrates the first of his three Roman triumph, triumphs for his victory over the Etruscans.
*1034 – Máel Coluim II of Scotland, Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, Ki ...
– Spain grants
Puerto Rico
; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...
autonomy.
December
*
December 9 – The first issue of the feminist newspaper ''
La Fronde'' is published by
Marguerite Durand in Paris.
*
December 12
** The comic strip ''
The Katzenjammer Kids'' debuts in the ''
New York Journal''.
**
Belo Horizonte
Belo Horizonte is the List of largest cities in Brazil, sixth-largest city in Brazil, with a population of around 2.3 million, and the third largest metropolitan area, containing a population of 6 million. It is the List of cities in Sout ...
, the first planned city in Brazil, is incorporated.
*
December 14 –
Pact of Biak-na-Bato: The
Philippine Revolution
The Philippine Revolution ( or ; or ) was a war of independence waged by the revolutionary organization Katipunan against the Spanish Empire from 1896 to 1898. It was the culmination of the 333-year History of the Philippines (1565–1898), ...
is settled, with Spanish promises to reform.
*
December 28 – The play ''
Cyrano de Bergerac'', by
Edmond Rostand, premieres in Paris.
*
December 30
Events
Pre-1600
* 534 – The second and final edition of the Code of Justinian comes into effect in the Byzantine Empire.
* 999 – Battle of Glenmama: The combined forces of Munster and Meath under king Brian Boru inflict a cr ...
–
Natal annexes
Zululand.
Date unknown
* The first
electric bicycle
An electric bicycle, e-bike, electrically assisted pedal cycle, or electrically power assisted cycle is a bicycle with an integrated electric motor used to assist propulsion. Many kinds of e-bikes are available worldwide, but they generally fa ...
is invented.
*
Karl Lueger becomes
mayor
In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a Municipal corporation, municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilitie ...
of
Vienna
Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...
.
*
Zhejiang University
Zhejiang University (ZJU) is a public university, public research university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education (China), Ministry of Education. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and D ...
is founded in China.
*
Émile Durkheim
David Émile Durkheim (; or ; 15 April 1858 – 15 November 1917) was a French Sociology, sociologist. Durkheim formally established the academic discipline of sociology and is commonly cited as one of the principal architects of modern soci ...
publishes his classic study ''
Suicide
Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death.
Risk factors for suicide include mental disorders, physical disorders, and substance abuse. Some suicides are impulsive acts driven by stress (such as from financial or ac ...
''.
* The pan-African anthem "
Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" ("God Bless Africa") is composed as a
Xhosa hymn by South African teacher
Enoch Sontonga.
* ''
Dos Equis'' beer is first brewed in Mexico, in anticipation of the new century. "Dos equis" is Spanish for "two x", a reference to the 20th Century (XX in Roman numerals)
*
Alexander Scriabin publishes his
Piano Sonata no. 2 "Sonata-Fantasia" in G sharp minor
Births
January–February

*
January 3
Events Pre-1600
*AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor.
* 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...
**
Marion Davies, American actress (d.
1961)
**
Pola Negri, Polish-born American actress (d.
1987
Events January
* January 1 – Bolivia reintroduces the Boliviano currency.
* January 2 – Chadian–Libyan conflict – Battle of Fada: The Military of Chad, Chadian army destroys a Libyan armoured brigade.
* January 3 – Afghan leader ...
)
*
January 6
Events Pre-1600
* 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...
–
Ferenc Szálasi, 37th prime minister of Hungary (d.
1946
1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
)
*
January 8
Events Pre-1600
* 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Sima Chi becomes emperor of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty in succession to his brother, Emperor Hui of Jin, Sima Zhong, despite a challenge from his other brother, Sima Ying.
* 871 ...
–
Dennis Wheatley, English writer (d.
1977)
*
January 11
Events Pre-1600
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence.
* 630 – Conquest of Mecca: Muhammad and his ...
–
Georges Stuttler, French footballer (d.
1976
Events January
* January 2 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force.
* January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea.
* January 18 – Full diplomatic ...
)
*
January 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence.
* 1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary.
1601–1900
* 1761 – The Third Battle of Panipat is fought in I ...
–
Hasso von Manteuffel, German general, politician (d.
1978
Events January
* January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213.
* January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...
)
*
January 23
Events Pre-1600
* 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.
* 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.
* 1229 ...
**
Subhas Chandra Bose
Subhas Chandra Bose (23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945) was an Indian independence movement, Indian nationalist whose defiance of British raj, British authority in India made him a hero among many Indians, but his wartime alliances with ...
, Indian political leader, led the
Indian National Army (d.
1945?)
**
Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Austrian architect, anti-Nazi activist (d.
2000
2000 was designated as the International Year for the Culture of Peace and the World Mathematics, Mathematical Year.
Popular culture holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium, because of a tende ...
)
*
January 26
Events Pre-1600
* 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph.
* 1531 – The 6.4–7.1 Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people.
* 1564 – The Council of T ...
–
Yakov Alksnis, Soviet aviator, commander of the Red Army Air Forces (d.
1938
Events
January
* January 1 – state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS).
* January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Saf ...
)
*
January 28
Events Pre-1600
*AD 98, 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany.
* 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accessi ...
– Ivan Stedeford, British industrialist (d. 1975)
* February 1 – Denise Robins, British romance novelist (d. 1985)
* February 4 – Ludwig Erhard, Chancellor of Germany (d.
1977)
* February 8 – Zakir Husain, Indian politician, 3rd President of India (d. 1969)
* February 9 – Charles Kingsford Smith, Australian aviator famous for his trans-Pacific flight (d. 1935)
*
February 10
Events Pre-1600
* 1258 – The Siege of Baghdad ends with the surrender of the last Abbasid caliph to Hulegu Khan, a prince of the Mongol Empire.
* 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bru ...
** Judith Anderson, Australian-born British actress (d. 1992)
** John Franklin Enders, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1985)
*February 19 – Elizabeth Rummel, German-Canadian mountaineer and environmental activist (d. 1980)
* February 21 – Celia Lovsky, Austrian-born American actress (d. 1979)
* February 25 – Peter Llewelyn Davies, British publisher, inspiration for Peter Pan (d. 1960)
*
February 27
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity.
* 425 – The University of Constantin ...
** Marian Anderson, African-American contralto (d. 1993)
** Ferdinand Heim, World War II German general (''Scapegoat of Stalingrad'') d.
1977)
March–April

* March 1 – Shoghi Effendi, Ottoman Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith (d. 1957)
* March 4 – Lefty O'Doul, American baseball player, restaurateur (d. 1969)
* March 5 – Set Persson, Swedish communist politician (d. 1960)
* March 11 – Henry Cowell, American avant-garde composer (d. 1965)
* March 16 – Flora Eldershaw, Australian novelist, critic, and historian (d. 1956)
* March 18 – John Langdon-Davies, British writer (d. 1971)
* March 19 – Betty Compson, American actress (d. 1974)
* March 24 – Wilhelm Reich, Austrian psychotherapist (d. 1957)
* March 28
**Frank Hawks, American aviator (d.
1938
Events
January
* January 1 – state-owned enterprise, State-owned railway networks are created by merger, in France (SNCF) and the Netherlands (Nederlandse Spoorwegen – NS).
* January 20 – King Farouk of Egypt marries Saf ...
)
**Sepp Herberger, German football coach (d.
1977)
* March 31 – Oto Iskandar di Nata, Indonesian politician (d.
1945)
* April 7
** Erich Löwenhardt, German World War I fighter ace (d. 1918)
** Walter Winchell, American broadcast journalist (d. 1972)
* April 8 – Herbert Lumsden, British general (d.
1945)
* April 10 – Prafulla Chandra Sen, Indian politician and Chief Minister of West Bengal (d. 1990)
* April 13 – Werner Voss, German World War I fighter ace (d. 1917)
* April 17 – Thornton Wilder, American dramatist (d. 1975)
*
April 19
** Jiroemon Kimura, Japanese supercentenarian, world's longest lived man, last surviving man born in the 19th century and last surviving person born in 1897 (d. 2013)
** Vivienne Segal, American actress (d. 1992)
* April 20 – Sudhakar Chaturvedi, Indian Vedic scholar and longevity claimant (d. 2020)
* April 21 – A. W. Tozer, American Protestant pastor (d. 1963)
*
April 23 – Lester B. Pearson, 14th Prime Minister of Canada, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1972)
* April 24 – Manuel Ávila Camacho, Mexican general, politician, and 45th President of Mexico, 1940-1946 (d. 1955)
* April 25 – Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood, British princess (d. 1965)
* April 26
** Eddie Eagan, American boxer, bobsledder (d. 1967)
** Douglas Sirk, German film director (d.
1987
Events January
* January 1 – Bolivia reintroduces the Boliviano currency.
* January 2 – Chadian–Libyan conflict – Battle of Fada: The Military of Chad, Chadian army destroys a Libyan armoured brigade.
* January 3 – Afghan leader ...
)
May–June

* May 2 – John Frederick Coots, American songwriter (d. 1985)
* May 4 – Phelps Phelps, 38th Governor of American Samoa, United States Ambassador to the Dominican Republic (d. 1981)
*
May 10
Events Pre-1600
* 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China.
* 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...
– Einar Gerhardsen, 15th prime minister of Norway (d.
1987
Events January
* January 1 – Bolivia reintroduces the Boliviano currency.
* January 2 – Chadian–Libyan conflict – Battle of Fada: The Military of Chad, Chadian army destroys a Libyan armoured brigade.
* January 3 – Afghan leader ...
)
* May 12 – Earle Nelson, American serial killer and rapist (d. 1928)
*
May 14 – Sidney Bechet, American-born jazz saxophonist (d. 1959)
* May 17
**Laura Bromwell, American stunt pilot (d. 1921)
**Odd Hassel, Norwegian chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1981)
* May 18 – Frank Capra, American film producer, director and writer (d. 1991)
*
May 19 – Frank Luke, American World War I pilot (d. 1918)
* May 27 – John Cockcroft, English physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967)
* May 29 – Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Austrian composer (d. 1957)
* June 2 – Tan Malaka, Indonesian teacher, philosopher, founder of Struggle Union and Murba Party, guerilla and fighter (d. 1949)
*June 5 – Charles Hartshorne, American philosopher, theologian and ornithologist (d.
2000
2000 was designated as the International Year for the Culture of Peace and the World Mathematics, Mathematical Year.
Popular culture holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium, because of a tende ...
)
* June 7
**Kirill Meretskov, Soviet military officer, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1968)
**George Szell, Hungarian conductor (d. 1970)
* June 8
** John G. Bennett, British mathematician (d. 1974)
** Mariano Suárez, 27th president of Ecuador (d. 1980)
* June 10 – Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
* June 11 – Ram Prasad Bismil, Indian revolutionary (Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, H.R.A. founder) (d. 1927)
*
June 12 – Anthony Eden, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d.
1977)
* June 13 – Paavo Nurmi, Finnish runner (d. 1973)
* June 16 – Georg Wittig, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1987
Events January
* January 1 – Bolivia reintroduces the Boliviano currency.
* January 2 – Chadian–Libyan conflict – Battle of Fada: The Military of Chad, Chadian army destroys a Libyan armoured brigade.
* January 3 – Afghan leader ...
)
* June 19
** Cyril N. Hinshelwood, English chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1967)
** Moe Howard, American comedian, actor (''The Three Stooges'') (d. 1975)
*
June 22
Events Pre-1600
*217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.
*168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Roman Republic, Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus, Luciu ...
** Norbert Elias, German sociologist (d. 1990)
** Edmund A. Chester, American broadcaster, journalist (d. 1973)
* June 24 – Daniel K. Ludwig, American businessman; billionaire philanthropist (d. 1992)
* June 26 – Viola Dana, American actress (d.
1987
Events January
* January 1 – Bolivia reintroduces the Boliviano currency.
* January 2 – Chadian–Libyan conflict – Battle of Fada: The Military of Chad, Chadian army destroys a Libyan armoured brigade.
* January 3 – Afghan leader ...
)
July–August

* July 1 – Bert Schneider (boxer), Bert Schneider, Canadian boxer (d. 1986)
* July 5 – Mogens Wöldike, Danish conductor (d. 1988)
* July 9 – Albert Coady Wedemeyer, American general (d. 1989)
* July 10 – John Gilbert (actor), John Gilbert, American actor (d. 1936)
*
July 11
Events Pre-1600
* 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and becomes a monk (under the name Athanasius).
* 911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair ...
– Bull Connor, American civil rights opponent (d. 1973)
* July 14 – Plaek Phibunsongkhram, Thai field marshal, prime minister, and dictator (d. 1964)
* July 20 – Tadeusz Reichstein, Polish-born chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1996)
* July 24 – Amelia Earhart, American aviator (d. 1937)
* July 28 – James Fairbairn, Australian pastoralist, aviator, and politician (d. 1940)
* July 29 – Sir Neil Ritchie, British WWII general (d. 1983)
*August 4 – José Nucete Sardi, Venezuelan historian and diplomat (d. 1972)
[Mireya SOSA DE LEÓN: «Nucete Sardi, José». En]
''Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela''
Venezuela: Fundación Empresas Polar, 1997. 980-6397-37-I.
* August 5 – Aksel Larsen, Danish politician (d. 1972)
*
August 10 – Jack Haley, American actor (d. 1979)
* August 11 – Enid Blyton, British children's writer (d. 1968)
* August 15 – Jane Ingham, English botanist and scientific translator (d. 1982)
* August 16
** Carlo Del Prete, Italian aviator (d. 1928)
** Hersch Lauterpacht, Ukrainian-born international lawyer (d. 1960)
* August 22 – Elisabeth Bergner, Austrian actress (d. 1986)
* August 26 – Yun Posun, 2nd president of South Korea (d. 1990)
*
August 31
Events Pre-1600
* 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty.
* 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one ye ...
– Fredric March, American actor (d. 1975)
September–October

* September 7 – Al Sherman, Russian-born American Tin Pan Alley songwriter (d. 1973)
* September 8 – Jimmie Rodgers (country singer), Jimmie Rodgers, American singer (d. 1933)
*
September 10 – Otto Strasser, German Nazi politician (d. 1974)
*
September 12 – Irène Joliot-Curie, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1956)
* September 13 – Michel Saint-Denis, French-born actor, theatre director, drama theorist and radio broadcaster (d. 1971)
* September 15 – Kurt Daluege, German Nazi officer, war criminal (d.
1946
1946 (Roman numerals, MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1946th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 946th year of the 2nd millennium, the 46th year of the 20th centur ...
)
*
September 20 – Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, 26th President of Brazil (d. 1967)
* September 22 – Frank O'Connor (actor, born 1897), Frank O'Connor, American actor, rancher, and painter (d. 1979)
* September 23 – Walter Pidgeon, Canadian actor (d. 1984)
* September 25 – William Faulkner, American writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1962)
* September 26
** Pope Paul VI (d.
1978
Events January
* January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213.
* January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...
)
** Arthur Rhys-Davids, British World War I fighter ace (d. 1917)
* September 30 – Alfred Wintle, British army officer, eccentric (d. 1966)
* October 3 – Louis Aragon, French author (d. 1982)
* October 7 – Elijah Muhammad, African-American co-founder of the Nation of Islam (d. 1975)
* October 8 – Rouben Mamoulian, Armenian-American film, theatre director (d.
1987
Events January
* January 1 – Bolivia reintroduces the Boliviano currency.
* January 2 – Chadian–Libyan conflict – Battle of Fada: The Military of Chad, Chadian army destroys a Libyan armoured brigade.
* January 3 – Afghan leader ...
)
* October 15 – Johannes Sikkar, Estonian statesman (d. 1960)
* October 20 – Yi Un, Korean Crown Prince (d. 1970)
* October 28 – Edith Head, American costume designer (d. 1981)
* October 29 – Joseph Goebbels, German Nazi propagandist (d.
1945)
* October 30 – Agustín Lara, Mexican composer and interpreter of songs and boleros (d. 1970)
November–December

* November 4 – Dmitry Pavlov (general), Dmitry Pavlov, Soviet general (d. 1941)
* November 9 – Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, British chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1978
Events January
* January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213.
* January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...
)
* November 12 – Milward Simpson, American politician, governor and senator from Wyoming (d. 1993)
* November 15
** Sacheverell Sitwell, Sir Sacheverell Sitwell, Bt, English author (d. 1988)
** Aneurin Bevan, Welsh politician (d. 1960)
* November 18 – Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett, English physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
* November 19 – Quentin Roosevelt, youngest son of American President Theodore Roosevelt, killed in action as fighter pilot (d. 1918)
* November 23 – Nirad C. Chaudhuri, Bengali author (d. 1999)
* November 24 – Lucky Luciano, Sicilian-American Mafia boss ''Salvatore Lucania'' (d. 1962)
* November 26 – Robert Accard, French footballer (d. 1971)
* November 30 – Virginia Henderson, American nurse theorist (d. 1996)
* December 2 – Dean Alfange, American politician (d. 1989)
* December 5 – Gershom Scholem, German-born Israeli Jewish philosopher, historian (d. 1982)
*
December 9 – Hermione Gingold, English actress (d.
1987
Events January
* January 1 – Bolivia reintroduces the Boliviano currency.
* January 2 – Chadian–Libyan conflict – Battle of Fada: The Military of Chad, Chadian army destroys a Libyan armoured brigade.
* January 3 – Afghan leader ...
)
*
December 14 – Kurt Schuschnigg, 11th Chancellor of Austria (d.
1977)
* December 18 – Fletcher Henderson, American musician (d. 1952)
* December 24 – Lazare Ponticelli, Italian-French supercentenarian; last surviving officially recognized French veteran of the First World War (d. 2008)
* December 31 – Rhys Williams (Welsh-American actor), Rhys Williams, Welsh actor (d. 1969)
Date unknown
* Abd-al Karim, Afghan emir (d. 1927)
* Nisar Muhammad Yousafzai, Afghan revolutionary and decorated War Hero of the Third Anglo-Afghan War, Afghan War of Independence (d. 1937)
Deaths
January–June

* January 1 – Joseph S. Skerrett, American admiral (b. 1833)
* January 9 – Thomas Gwyn Elger, English astronomer (b. 1836)
*January 25 – Albion P. Howe, Union Army general (b. 1818)
* January 30 – Robert Themptander, 4th prime minister of Sweden (b. 1844)
* February 1 – Jeanne Merkus, Dutch deaconess, guerilla soldier and political activist (b. 1839)
* February 4 – Charles Bendire, U.S. Army captain, ornithologist (b. 1836)
* February 15 – Dimitrie Ghica, 10th prime minister of Romania (b. 1816)
* February 17 – Edmund Colhoun, American admiral (b. 1821)
* February 19 – Karl Weierstrass, German mathematician (b. 1815)
* March 6 – Thomas Elder, Sir Thomas Elder, Australian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1818)
* March 9 – Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani, Iranian teacher, writer (b. 1838)
* March 10 – Savitribai Phule, Indian social reformer and poet (b. 1831)
* March 11 – Henry Drummond (evangelist), Henry Drummond, Scottish evangelical writer, lecturer (b. 1851)
* March 19 – Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, Irish-born traveler (b. 1810)
* April 1 – Jandamarra, Australian Aboriginal insurrectionist (b. c. 1873)
* April 3 – Johannes Brahms, German composer (b. 1833)
* April 8 – Heinrich von Stephan, German postal director (b. 1831)
* April 10 – Friedrich Franz III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1851)
*
April 30 – A. Viola Neblett, American activist, suffragist, women's rights pioneer (b. 1842)
* May 3 – Frederick Knight (politician), Sir Frederick Knight, British politician (b. 1812)
* May 4 – Duchess Sophie Charlotte in Bavaria (b. 1847)
* May 7
** Ion Ghica, 3-time prime minister of Romania (b. 1816)
** Henri d'Orléans, Duke of Aumale (b. 1822)
*
May 10
Events Pre-1600
* 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China.
* 1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of ...
–
Andrés Bonifacio, Filipino revolutionary (b. 1863)
* May 12 – Minna Canth, Finnish writer and social activist (b. 1844)
* May 21 – Gregorio Luperón, Dominican revolutionary leader (b. 1839)
* May 23 – Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju, Indian rajah (b. 1850)
* June 17 – Sebastian Kneipp, German priest and naturopath (b. 1821)
* June 19 – Louis Brière de l'Isle, French general (b. 1827)
July–December
* July 1 – Ropata Wahawaha, New Zealand Māori military leader (b. c.1820)
* July 6
** Tommy Burns (diver), Tommy Burns, English diver (b. 1867 or 1868)
** Celia Barrios de Reyna, First Mother of the Nation of Guatemala (b. 1834)
* August 8
** Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, incumbent Prime Minister of Spain and historian (assassinated) (b. 1828)
** Viktor Meyer, German chemist (b. 1848)
* August 17 – William Jervois, Sir William Jervois, British military engineer and diplomat (b. 1821)
* August 24
**Sébastien Lespès, French admiral (b. 1828)
**Mutsu Munemitsu, Japanese statesman, diplomat (b. 1844)
*
August 31
Events Pre-1600
* 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty.
* 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one ye ...
– Louisa Lane Drew, English-born American actress, theater manager (b. 1820)
* September 9
** Richard Holt Hutton, English writer, theologian (b. 1826)
** Ferenc Pulszky, Hungarian politician (b. 1814)
*
September 20 – Louis Pierre Mouillard, French artist and aviation pioneer (b. 1834)
*
September 21 – Wilhelm Wattenbach, German historian (b. 1819)
* September 27
** Charles-Denis Bourbaki, French military leader (b. 1816)
** George M. Robeson, American politician (b. 1829)
* September 30 – Saint Thérèse of Lisieux, French Roman Catholic and Discalced Carmelite nun, saint (b. 1873)
* October 2 – Edward Maitland (writer), Edward Maitland, British writer (b. 1824)
* October 3 – Yamaji Motoharu, Japanese general (b. 1841)
* October 9
** John M. B. Clitz, American admiral (b. 1821)
** Jan Heemskerk, Dutch politician, 16th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1818)
*
October 13 – William Daniel (Maryland politician), William Daniel, American temperance movement leader (b. 1826)
* October 19 – George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (b. 1831)
* October 26 – John J. Robison, American politician in Michigan (b. 1824)
* October 27
** Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge (b. 1833)
** , Chilean politician (b. 1847)
** Alexander Milton Ross, Canadian abolitionist, naturalist (b. 1832)
* October 28 – Hercules Robinson, 1st Baron Rosmead, British colonial governor (b. 1824)
* October 29 – Henry George, American economist (b. 1839)
* November – Francisco Gonzalo Marín, Cuban poet, freedom fighter (b. 1863)
* November 3 – Thomas Lanier Clingman, American "Prince of Politicians" (b. 1812)
* November 13 – Ernest Giles, Australian explorer (b. 1835)
* November 15 – Lucinda Barbour Helm, American women's religious activist (b. 1839)
* November 17 – George Hendric Houghton, American Protestant Episcopal clergyman (b. 1820)
* November 18 – Henry Doulton, Sir Henry Doulton, English pottery manufacturer (b. 1820)
* November 19 – William Seymour Tyler, American educator, historian (b. 1810)
* November 23 – Étienne Stéphane Tarnier, French obstetrician (b. 1828)
*
December 14 – Robert Simpson (merchant), Robert Simpson, Scottish-Canadian businessman (b. 1834)
* December 16 – Alphonse Daudet, French writer (b. 1840)
* December 19 – Stanislas de Guaita, French poet (b. 1861)
*
December 28 – William Corby, American Catholic priest (b. 1833)
Date unknown

* Isidora Goyenechea, Chilean industrialist, mine owner (b. 1836)
References
Further reading
''1897 Annual Cyclopedia'' (1898)highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for year 1897; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 824 pp
{{DEFAULTSORT:1897
1897,