Events

January–March

January 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will ...

– The Fifth Monarchists, led by Thomas Venner, unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London; George Monck's

regiment A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, military service, service, or administrative corps, specialisation. In Middle Ages, Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of l ...

defeats them. *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler ...

– The Rokeby baronets, a British nobility title is created. *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 * 1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. * 1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 * 1607 – An es ...

– The body of

Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell (25 April 15993 September 1658) was an English statesman, politician and soldier, widely regarded as one of the most important figures in British history. He came to prominence during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, initially ...

is exhumed and subjected to a

posthumous execution __NOTOC__ Posthumous execution is the ritual or ceremonial mutilation of an already dead body as a punishment. Dissection as a punishment in England Some Christians believed that the resurrection of the dead on Judgment Day requires that the body ...

in London, along with those of John Bradshaw and Henry Ireton. *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * *2 BC – Caesar Augustus is granted the title ''pater patriae'' by the Roman Senate. *AD 62, 62 – AD 62 Pompeii earthquake, Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. *756 – Chinese New Year; An Lushan proclaims himself E ...

– The Shunzhi Emperor of the Chinese

Qing Dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...

dies, and is succeeded by his 7-year-old son the Kangxi Emperor. *

February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 & ...

– Shah Shuja, who was deprived of his claim to the throne of the Mughal Empire by his younger brother Aurangzeb, then fled to Burma, is killed by Indian troops in an attack on his residence at Arakan. *

February 14 It is observed in most countries as Valentine's Day. Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution#Persian phase, Abbasid Revolution: The Kaysanites Shia#History, Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad ...

– George Monck’s regiment becomes ''The Lord General's Regiment of Foot Guards'' in England (which later becomes the Coldstream Guards). *

March 9 Events Pre-1600 *141 BC – Liu Che, Posthumous name, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. *1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the Annals of Quedlinburg, annals of the mo ...

– Following the death of his mentor, Cardinal Jules Mazarin, who had been Minister of State since before the birth of King

Louis XIV of France LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reign ...

, King Louis, now 22, starts to rule independently without need for a regent. *

March 23 Events Pre-1600 * 1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. * 1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the las ...

– General Zheng Chenggong of China, known as "Koxinga" leads an invasion of the island of

Taiwan Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

, at the time under the control of the

Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( ; VOC ), commonly known as the Dutch East India Company, was a chartered company, chartered trading company and one of the first joint-stock companies in the world. Established on 20 March 1602 by the States Ge ...

(VOC), bringing 25,000 soldiers and sailors on hundreds of boats to claim the territory.

April–June

April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First '' Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Em ...

– The siege of Fort Zeelandia, the

(VOC) headquarters on the Chinese island of

(near modern Taoyuan City) is started by Koxinga and his invading force from China. * April 23 (May 3 N.S.) – King

Charles II of England Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was King of Scotland from 1649 until 1651 and King of England, Scotland, and King of Ireland, Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death in 1685. Charles II was the eldest su ...

Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...

, and

Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...

is crowned in Westminster Abbey. * May 8 – The " Cavalier Parliament", the longest serving Parliament in British history, is opened following the first parliamentary elections since the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. The first session of the House of Commons and the House of Lords lasts until June 30 and then reopens on November 20. The Cavalier Parliament continues meeting, without new elections, until being dissolved on January 24, 1679. *

May 11 Events Pre-1600 * 330 – Constantine the Great dedicates the much-expanded and rebuilt city of Byzantium, changing its name to New Rome and declaring it the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. *868 – A copy of the Diamond Sūtr ...

– The Indian city and territory of

Bombay Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial centre, financial capital and the list of cities i ...

is ceded by Portugal to England in accordance with the

dowry A dowry is a payment such as land, property, money, livestock, or a commercial asset that is paid by the bride's (woman's) family to the groom (man) or his family at the time of marriage. Dowry contrasts with the related concepts of bride price ...

of King Joao IV of Portugal for the marriage of his daughter Catherine to King Charles II of England. * May 17 – Leaders of the indigenous Taiwanese villages in the plains and mountains of the Dutch-ruled island begin surrendering to the Chinese forces led by Koxinga and agreeing to hunt down and execute Dutch people on the island. * May 27 – The Marquess of Argyll, one of the first of the Scottish-born people sentenced to death as a regicide for his role in the conviction and execution of King Charles I of England and Scotland in 1649, is beheaded at the Tolbooth Prison in

Edinburgh Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. The city is located in southeast Scotland and is bounded to the north by the Firth of Forth and to the south by the Pentland Hills. Edinburgh ...

using the " Scottish Maiden," almost immediately after his conviction of collaboration with the government of

. His head is then placed on a spike outside the prison. *

June 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León. * 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida. * 1495 – A monk, John Cor, rec ...

– At Edinburgh, the public execution of Presbyterian minister James Guthrie, followed by Captain William Govan, takes place at the

Mercat Cross A mercat cross is the Scots language, Scots name for the market cross found frequently in Scotland, Scottish cities, towns and villages where historically the right to hold a regular market or fair was granted by the monarch, a bishop or ...

at Parliament Square, days after both have been convicted of treason for their roles in the execution of King Charles I. The heads are severed from the corpses and displayed on spikes in the square. * June 3 – Pye Min, younger brother of King Pindale Min of

Burma Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and ha ...

, leads a bloody coup d'etat and ascends the throne. Pindale Min and his family (including his primary wife, a son and a grandson) are drowned in the

Chindwin River The Chindwin River (), also known as the Ningthi River (), is a river in Myanmar and is the largest tributary of the Irrawaddy River. Sources The Chindwin originates in the broad Hukawng Valley of Kachin State of Burma, roughly , where the Tanai, ...

. Pye Min reigns until 1672. * June 14 – General Zheng Chenggong of China takes control of most of the island of

from the Dutch East India Company and proclaims the Kingdom of Tungning, with himself as the ruler. * June 23 – The "

Marriage Treaty The Marriage Treaty, or Anglo-Portuguese Treaty, was a treaty of alliance that was agreed between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Portugal and concluded on 23 June 1661. It led to the marriage of Charles II of England and Catherine of ...

" is signed between representatives of King

and King João IV of Portugal, providing a military alliance between the two kingdoms and a marriage between Charles of the House of Stuart and João's daughter Catherine of the House of Braganza on May 21, 1662. The treaty also sets the transfer of Portuguese territory in India (at

) and in North Africa ( Tangier) to England as well as military aid from England to Portugal. * June 28 – The innovative Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre opens in London with the first system for interchangeable scenery on a stage in the British Isles, and a production of William Davenant's opera '' The Siege of Rhodes''.

July–September

* July 1 – The war between the empires of Russia and Sweden is ended with the signing of the Treaty of Cardis in what is now the

Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...

n city of Kärde. Russia returns those portions of

Livonia Livonia, known in earlier records as Livland, is a historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. It is named after the Livonians, who lived on the shores of present-day Latvia. By the end of the 13th century, the name was extende ...

and

Ingria Ingria (; ; ; ) is a historical region including, and adjacent to, what is now the city of Saint Petersburg in northwestern Russia. The region lies along the southeastern shore of the Gulf of Finland, bordered by Lake Ladoga on the Karelian ...

that it had taken earlier from

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...

. * August 6 –

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. Featuring Cabo da Roca, the westernmost point in continental Europe, Portugal borders Spain to its north and east, with which it share ...

and the

Dutch Republic The United Provinces of the Netherlands, commonly referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation that existed from 1579 until the Batavian Revolution in 1795. It was a predecessor state of the present-day Netherlands ...

sign the Treaty of The Hague, whereby the Dutch Republic's South American colony of Nieuw-Holland is sold to Portugal for the equivalent of roughly of gold, and incorporated into

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

. The territory includes much of what will later become the Brazilian states of

Ceará Ceará (, ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region, Brazil, northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast. It is the List of Brazilian states by population, eighth-largest Brazilian State by ...

Maranhão Maranhão () is a States of Brazil, state in Brazil. Located in the country's Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast Region, it has a population of about 7 million and an area of and it is divided into 217 municipalities. Clockwise from north, it ...

, Paraíba,

Pernambuco Pernambuco ( , , ) is a States of Brazil, state of Brazil located in the Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast region of the country. With an estimated population of 9.5 million people as of 2024, it is the List of Brazilian states by population, ...

and Rio Grande do Norte. Among the major Dutch settlements lost are Mauritsstad (

Recife Recife ( , ) is the Federative units of Brazil, state capital of Pernambuco, Brazil, on the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast of South America. It is the largest urban area within both the North Region, Brazil, North and the Northeast R ...

), Fort Schoonenborch ( Fortaleza), Nieuw-Amsterdam ( Natal), and Frederikstadt ( João Pessoa). * September 5 – Nicolas Fouquet, the Superintendent of Finances for

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

, is arrested in

Nantes Nantes (, ; ; or ; ) is a city in the Loire-Atlantique department of France on the Loire, from the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic coast. The city is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, sixth largest in France, with a pop ...

and charged with embezzlement of the state treasury. Spared the death penalty by a jury, Fouquet spends the rest of his life in prison until his death in 1680.

October–December

* October 6 – Guru Har Krishan becomes eighth of the ten

Sikh guru The Sikh gurus (Punjabi language, Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖ ਗੁਰੂ; Hindi: सिख गुरु) are the spiritual masters of Sikhism, who established the religion over the course of about two and a half centuries, beginning in 1469. The year ...

s, and at age 5 the youngest, following the death of his father Guru Har Rai. * October 31 – Köprülüzade Fazıl Ahmed Pasha is appointed as the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire at the request of his late father, the Grand Vizier

Köprülü Mehmed Pasha Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (, , ; or ''Qyprilliu'', also called ''Mehmed Pashá Rojniku''; 1575, Roshnik,– 31 October 1661, Edirne) was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire and founding patriarch of the Köprülü political dynasty. He helped ...

, serving under the Sultan Mehmed IV for 15 years and continuing the

Köprülü family Köprülü may refer to: People * Köprülü family (Kypriljotet), an Ottoman noble family of Albanian origin ** Köprülü era (1656–1703), the period in which the Ottoman Empire's politics were set by the Grand Viziers, mainly the Köprülü fa ...

dynasty whose members will serve as Viziers until 1711. * November 4 – Polish and Lithuanian forces, led by King Jan II Kazimierz (who is also the Grand Duke of Lithuania) defeat the Russian Army at the Battle of Kushliki. * December 14 – Prince Murad Bakhsh, younger brother of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, is executed at Gwailor Fort on order of his brother. * December 16 –

Abraham Cowley Abraham Cowley (; 161828 July 1667) was an English poet and essayist born in the City of London late in 1618. He was one of the leading English poets of the 17th century, with 14 printings of his ''Works'' published between 1668 and 1721. Early ...

's comedy '' The Cutter of Coleman Street'' premieres at the Lincoln's Inn Fields Playhouse in

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

as a production of the Duke's Company. * December 21 – General

Wu Sangui Wu Sangui (; 8 June 1612 – 2 October 1678), courtesy name Changbai () or Changbo (), was a Chinese military leader who played a key role in the fall of the Ming dynasty and the founding of the Qing dynasty. In Chinese folklore, Wu Sangui is r ...

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

arrives in Burma with 20,000 troops and demands that the Burmese surrender Yongli, the last of the

Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of ...

rulers of Southern China before the

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...

consolidated its rule. Burma's King Pye Min hands Yongli over to General Wu on January 15, and Yongli is subsequently executed. * December 24 – The Indian city of Quilon (now Kollam in the

Kerala Kerala ( , ) is a States and union territories of India, state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile ...

state), ruled by Portugal since 1498, is captured by the Dutch East India Company.

Date unknown

* The first modern bank notes are issued in

Stockholm Stockholm (; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, most populous city of Sweden, as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in the Nordic countries. Approximately ...

, Sweden. * Great Clearance in China: evacuation of

Guangdong ) means "wide" or "vast", and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. The name "''Guang''" ultimately came from Guangxin ( zh, labels=no, first=t, t= , s=广信), an outpost established in Han dynasty ...

is required.

Births

January 15 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Roman emperor, Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. *1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to set ...

– James Barry, Irish politician (d. 1725) *

January 21 Events Pre-1600 * 763 – Following the Battle of Bakhamra between Alids and Abbasids near Kufa, the Alid rebellion ends with the death of Ibrahim, brother of Isa ibn Musa. * 1525 – The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded wh ...

– Peter Le Neve, English herald and antiquary (d. 1729) *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Heraclius Constantine is crowned as co-emperor ('' Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated b ...

– Joseph Fleuriau d'Armenonville, French politician (d. 1728) *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dyn ...

– Alexander zu Dohna-Schlobitten, German general (d. 1728) *

– Antonio I, Prince of Monaco, Monegasque prince (d. 1731) *

– Charles Rollin, French historian (d. 1741) *

February 12 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Pope Urban II confirms the foundation of the abbey of La Roë under Robert of Arbrissel as a community of canons regular. * 1404 – The Italian professor Galeazzo di Santa Sofia performed the first post- ...

– Daniel d'Auger de Subercase, French naval officer, governor of Newfoundland (d. 1732) *

February 20 Events Pre-1600 *1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated. *1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawn (law), pawned by Norway to S ...

– William Digby, 5th Baron Digby, English politician, baron (d. 1752) *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. ...

– Alexandre-François Desportes, French painter (d. 1743) * February 25 – Anne Lennard, Countess of Sussex, English Countess (d. 1721) *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic), Fourth Council of Co ...

– Tripo Kokolja, Venetian painter (d. 1713) *

March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. * 1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen en ...

– Francesco Gasparini, Italian composer and teacher (d. 1727) *

March 25 Until 1752 it was the official date of the beginning of the year in England and its dominions (in the Julian calendar). Events Pre-1600 * 410 – The Southern Yan capital of Guanggu falls to the Jin dynasty general Liu Yu, ending th ...

– Paul de Rapin, French historian (d. 1725) * April 11 – Antoine Coypel, French painter (d. 1722) *

April 13 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Henry V, King of Germany, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. * 1455 – Thirteen Years' War: ...

– Jacques L'enfant, French Protestant pastor (d. 1728) *

April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor ...

– Sir Thomas Molyneux, 1st Baronet, Irish politician (d. 1733) * April 16 – Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax, English poet and statesman (d. 1715) *

April 21 Events Pre-1600 * 753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date). * 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is mur ...

– Georg Joseph Kamel, Jesuit missionary and botanist (d. 1706) * April 23 – Issachar Berend Lehmann, German-Jewish banker, Court Jew in Hanover (d. 1730) * April 30 – Louis Armand I, Prince of Conti (d. 1685) * May 3 – Antonio Vallisneri, Italian scientist (d. 1730) * May 7 – Sophie Marie of Hesse-Darmstadt, only Duchess by marriage of Saxe-Eisenberg (d. 1712) * May 7 – George Clarke, English politician, architect (d. 1736) *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. * 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes ...

– Claude Buffier, French philosopher and historian (d. 1737) *

– Louis Bartholomew Załuski, Polish cardinal, Auxiliary Bishop of Przemysl (d. 1721) *

– Gaspard Rigaud, French painter (d. 1705) *

June 6 Events Pre-1600 * 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointe ...

– Giacomo Antonio Perti, Italian composer (d. 1756) * June 9 – Tsar Feodor III of Russia (d. 1682) * June 24 – Hachisuka Tsunanori, Japanese daimyō who ruled the Tokushima Domain (d. 1730) * July 7 – Henri, Duke of Elbeuf, member of the House of Lorraine (d. 1748) *

July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and becomes a monk (under the name Athanasius). * 911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair ...

– Charles, Prince of Commercy, French field marshal (d. 1702) * July 15 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, French founder of the colony of Louisiana (d. 1706) * July 29 – Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach, German prince (d. 1708) * July 31 – Ignaz Agricola, German historian (d. 1729) * August 8 – Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg, German aristocrat and general (d. 1747) * August 11 – William Churchill, English politician (d. 1737) * August 15 – King Sukjong of Joseon (d. 1720) * August 22 – Joseph Sheffield, Colonial Rhode Island Attorney General (d. 1706) *

August 31 Events Pre-1600 * 1056 – After a sudden illness a few days previously, Byzantine Empress Theodora dies childless, thus ending the Macedonian dynasty. * 1057 – Abdication of Byzantine Emperor Michael VI Bringas after just one ye ...

** Philippe Emanuel, Prince of Hornes (d. 1718) ** Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath, English diplomat (d. 1701) *

September 2 Events Pre-1600 * 44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. * 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his '' Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of ...

– Georg Böhm, German composer and organist (d. 1733) *

– Heinrich, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg (d. 1738) * September 7 – Gunno Dahlstierna, Swedish poet (d. 1709) * September 23 – Christiana Oxenstierna, Swedish noble (d. 1701) * September 28 – Mehr-un-Nissa, daughter of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and his concubine Aurangabadi Mahal (d. 1706) * October 1 – Sir Matthew Dudley, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1721) * October 4 – Jean-Paul Le Gardeur, French explorer, New France soldier (d. 1738) * October 6 – William Dunbar, Scottish bishop (d. 1746) * October 11 – Melchior de Polignac, French diplomat and cardinal (d. 1742) * October 22 – Margaret Holles, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, English noblewoman, fourth of six children of Henry Cavendish (d. 1717) * October 27 – Fyodor Apraksin, Russian admiral (d. 1728) * November 1 ** Florent Carton Dancourt, French dramatist and actor (d. 1725) ** Louis, Grand Dauphin, eldest son and heir of Louis XIV of France (d. 1711) * November 4 – Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine (d. 1742) * November 6 – King Charles II of Spain (d. 1700) * November 13 – Erdmuthe Dorothea of Saxe-Zeitz, consort of Duke Christian II of Saxe-Merseburg (d. 1720) * November 15 – Christoph von Graffenried, Swiss settler in America (d. 1743) * November 15 – Henri, Count of Brionne, French noble (d. 1713) * November 18 – Elisabeth Henriette of Hesse-Kassel, daughter of William VI (d. 1683) * November 28 – Margravine Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach, German noblewomen (d. 1705) * November 28 – Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon, British Governor of New York and New Jersey (d. 1723) * December 3 – Nathaniel Gould, English politician (d. 1728) * December 5 – Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer, English statesman (d. 1724) * December 8 – Kenneth Mackenzie, 4th Earl of Seaforth, Scottish Jacobite nobleman (d. 1701) * December 18 – Christopher Polhem, Swedish scientist and inventor (d. 1751) * ''date unknown'' – Rijkuo-Maja, Sámi noaidi (d. 1757)

Deaths

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to '' Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surren ...

– Thomas Venner, English Fifth Monarchist (executed) *

– John Hele, English politician (b. 1626) *

– Bartolomeo Gennari, Italian painter (b. 1594) *

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of " Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: ...

– Lucas Holstenius, German humanist (b. 1596) *

– Shunzhi Emperor of China (b. 1638) *

– Shah Shuja, second son of Shah Jahan and Mumtaz Mahal (b. 1616) *

March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...

– Richard Zouch, English jurist (b. 1590) *

– Cardinal Mazarin, French cardinal and statesman (b. 1602) *

– Pieter de Molijn, Dutch painter (b. 1595) * April 4 – Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven, Scottish soldier(b. c.

1580 1580 (Roman numerals, MDLXXX) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 31 – Portuguese succession crisis of 1580: The death of Henry, King of Portugal, with no direct heirs, leads ...

) *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921), second Fatimid invasion of Medieval Egypt, Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, Al-Qa'im (Fa ...

– John Webster, colonial settler and governor of Connecticut (b. 1590) *

– William Brereton, English soldier and politician (b. 1604) * April 11 – Lady Mary Bankes, English defender of Corfe Castle (b. 1598) * April 19 – Joachim Gersdorff, Danish politician (b. 1611) * May 5 – Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge (b.

1660 Events January–March * January 1 ** At daybreak, English Army Colonel George Monck, with two brigades of troops from his Scottish occupational force, fords the River Tweed at Coldstream in Scotland to cross the Anglo-Scottish ...

) * May 27 – Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll, Scottish dissenter (beheaded) (b. 1607) * June 3 – Gottfried Scheidt, German composer (b. 1593) *

– Martino Martini, Italian Jesuit missionary (b. 1614) * June 11 – George II, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1626–1661) (b. 1605) *

June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. * 1325 – Ibn ...

– Henry Carey, 2nd Earl of Monmouth, English politician (b. 1595) * June 21 – Andrea Sacchi, Italian painter of High Baroque Classicism (b. 1599) * July 7 – Adriaan Heereboord, Dutch philosopher (b. 1613) * July 9 – Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (b. 1616) * July 17 – Alonso Perez de Leon, Spanish conquistador, explorer, man of letters (b. 1608) * August 6 – Marie Angélique Arnauld, French abbess of the Abbey of Port-Royal (b. 1591) * August 7 ** Benedetta Carlini, Italian mystic (b. 1590) ** Jin Shengtan, Chinese editor, writer and critic (b. 1608) * August 16 – Thomas Fuller, English churchman and historian (b. 1608) * August 18 – Robert Gordon of Straloch, Scottish cartographer (b.

) *

August 23 Events Pre-1600 * 30 BC – After the successful invasion of Egypt, Octavian executes Marcus Antonius Antyllus, the eldest son of Mark Antony, and Caesarion, the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt and only child of Julius Ca ...

– Tokugawa Yorifusa, Japanese nobleman (b. 1603) * September 7 – James Livingstone, 1st Viscount Kilsyth of Scotland (b. 1616) * September 8 – Edward Vaux, 4th Baron Vaux of Harrowden, English baron (b. 1588) * September 11 – Jan Fyt, Flemish Baroque painter (b. 1611) * October 4 – Jacqueline Pascal, French child prodigy, sister of

Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal (19June 162319August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic Church, Catholic writer. Pascal was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. His earliest ...

(b. 1625) * October 6 – Guru Har Rai, Sikh guru (b. 1630) * October 9 – Sir John Norwich, 1st Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1613) * October 15 – Jean de La Haye, French preacher and biblical scholar (b. 1593) * October 25 – Lucas de Wael, Flemish painter (b. 1591) * October 28 ** Agustín Moreto y Cavana, Spanish playwright (b. 1618) ** Ottavio Amigoni, Italian painter (b. 1606) * October 31 –

, Ottoman Grand Vizier (b. c. 1575) * November 1 – Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias, heir apparent to the Spanish throne (b. 1657) * November 2 – Daniel Seghers, Flemish Jesuit brother and painter (b. 1590) * November 10 – Bernardino Spada, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1594) *

November 11 Events Pre-1600 * 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, '' Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of th ...

– David Ryckaert III, Flemish painter (b. 1612) * November 19 ** Lars Kagg, Swedish count and military officer (b. 1595) ** Brian Walton, English clergyman and scholar (b. 1600) * December 7 – Ariana Nozeman, Dutch actress (b. ca. 1627) * December 10 – Ottaviano Jannella, Italian sculptor (b. 1635) * December 14 – Murad Bakhsh, Mughal prince (b. 1624) * December 22 – Hoshina Masasada, Japanese daimyō (b. 1588) * December 29 – Antoine Girard de Saint-Amant, French poet (b. 1594) * ''date unknown'' – Jacomina de Witte, politically influential Dutch woman (b. 1582)

References

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