Events

January–March

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 peopl ...

– Led by the Duke of Soubise, the

Huguenots The Huguenots ( , ; ) are a Religious denomination, religious group of French people, French Protestants who held to the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, ...

launch a second rebellion against King Louis XIII, with a surprise naval assault on a French fleet being prepared in Blavet. *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1047 – Drogo of Hauteville is elected as count of the Apulian Normans during the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, u ...

– Francesca Caccini's opera '' La liberazione di Ruggiero'' has its premiere, stated in

Florence Florence ( ; ) is the capital city of the Italy, Italian region of Tuscany. It is also the most populated city in Tuscany, with 362,353 inhabitants, and 989,460 in Metropolitan City of Florence, its metropolitan province as of 2025. Florence ...

Italy Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe, Western Europe. It consists of Italian Peninsula, a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea, with the Alps on its northern land b ...

. The opera will continue to be staged almost 400 years later, as late as the year 2018. *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 590 – Hormizd IV, king of the Sasanian Empire, is overthrown and blinded by his brothers-in-law Vistahm and Vinduyih. * 1579 – The Diocese of Manila is erected by papal bull, with Domingo de Salazar appointe ...

– Bogislaw XIV becomes the final Duke of Pomerania, an office that becomes extinct after his death in 1637. *

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. * 1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of ...

– Hafız Ahmed Pasha is designated as the new

grand vizier Grand vizier (; ; ) was the title of the effective head of government of many sovereign states in the Islamic world. It was first held by officials in the later Abbasid Caliphate. It was then held in the Ottoman Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Soko ...

of the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

by Sultan Murad IV, 11 days after the death of Çerkes Mehmed Pasha. *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 * 660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman Empire, on the eve of his comin ...

– Dutch–Portuguese War: One of the largest naval battles ever fought in the

Persian Gulf The Persian Gulf, sometimes called the Arabian Gulf, is a Mediterranean seas, mediterranean sea in West Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Arabian Sea and the larger Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.Un ...

takes place in the Straits of Hormuz as fleets of the Dutch East India Company and the English East India Company defend

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

against an attack by ships from the colony of Portuguese India. *

February February is the second month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in common years and 29 in leap years, with the February 29, 29th day being called the ''leap day''. February is the third a ...

– Huguenot forces under the Duke of Soubise capture the Island of Ré. * March 21 – James Ussher is appointed Archbishop of Armagh (Church of Ireland) and Primate of All Ireland. *

March 28 Events Pre-1600 * AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. * 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Did ...

–

April 24 Events Pre-1600 * 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). * 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy ...

– First Savoine War – Relief of Genoa: The Spanish fleet aids the

Republic of Genoa The Republic of Genoa ( ; ; ) was a medieval and early modern Maritime republics, maritime republic from the years 1099 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italy, Italian coast. During the Late Middle Ages, it was a major commercial power in ...

, by overcoming the Franco- Savoyard occupation of the city of Genoa. *

March 25 Until 1752 it was the official date of the beginning of the year in England and its dominions (in the Julian calendar). Events Pre-1600 * 410 – The Southern Yan capital of Guanggu falls to the Jin dynasty general Liu Yu, ending th ...

– Battle of Martqopi: The Safavids are defeated in

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

. * March 27 – Charles I of England,

Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...

and

Ireland Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...

succeeds to the throne on the death of his father, King

James VI and I James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and King of Ireland, Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 M ...

April–June

* April 4 – Frederick Henry of Nassau marries Amalia, Countess von Solms-Braunfels. *

April 7 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. * 529 – First '' Corpus Juris Civilis'', a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Em ...

– Albrecht von Wallenstein is appointed German supreme commander of the armies of

Holy Roman Emperor The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (disambiguation), Emperor of the Romans (; ) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period (; ), was the ruler and h ...

Ferdinand II. * April 23 – Stadtholder Maurice of Nassau of the

Dutch Republic The United Provinces of the Netherlands, commonly referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation that existed from 1579 until the Batavian Revolution in 1795. It was a predecessor state of the present-day Netherlands ...

dies, and is succeeded by his younger brother, Frederick Henry. * May 1 – A Portuguese-Spanish expedition recaptures Salvador, Bahia (

Bahia Bahia () is one of the 26 Federative units of Brazil, states of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region, Brazil, Northeast Region of the country. It is the fourth-largest Brazilian state by population (after São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Mina ...

) from the Dutch. * May 15– 16 – Rebellious farmers are hanged in Vocklamarkt,

Upper Austria Upper Austria ( ; ; ) is one of the nine States of Austria, states of Austria. Its capital is Linz. Upper Austria borders Germany and the Czech Republic, as well as the other Austrian states of Lower Austria, Styria, and Salzburg (state), Salzbur ...

. * June 2 – Prince Frederick Henry is sworn in as the stadtholder of

Holland Holland is a geographical regionG. Geerts & H. Heestermans, 1981, ''Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal. Deel I'', Van Dale Lexicografie, Utrecht, p 1105 and former provinces of the Netherlands, province on the western coast of the Netherland ...

and

Zeeland Zeeland (; ), historically known in English by the Endonym and exonym, exonym Zealand, is the westernmost and least populous province of the Netherlands. The province, located in the southwest of the country, borders North Brabant to the east ...

. * June 5 –

Eighty Years' War The Eighty Years' War or Dutch Revolt (; 1566/1568–1648) was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish Empire, Spanish government. The Origins of the Eighty Years' War, causes of the w ...

: Spanish troops under Ambrogio Spinola conquer

Breda Breda ( , , , ) is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the southern part of the Netherlands, located in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of North Brabant. ...

, after a nine-month siege. *

June 13 Events Pre-1600 * 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia. * 1325 – Ibn ...

– King Charles I of

England England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It ...

marries Catholic princess Henrietta Maria of France and Navarre, at Canterbury. *

June 18 Events Pre-1600 * 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China. * 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. * 860 – Siege of Constantinople (860), Byzantine� ...

– The English

Parliament In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: Representation (politics), representing the Election#Suffrage, electorate, making laws, and overseeing ...

refuses to vote Charles I the right to collect customs duties for his entire reign, restricting him to one year instead.

July–September

* July 1 – The

Safavid Empire The Guarded Domains of Iran, commonly called Safavid Iran, Safavid Persia or the Safavid Empire, was one of the largest and longest-lasting Iranian empires. It was ruled from 1501 to 1736 by the Safavid dynasty. It is often considered the begi ...

in Iran defeats an invasion from the Kingdom of Georgia in the Battle of Marabda with heavy losses on both sides, including the Georgian commander, Teimuraz I, Prince of Mukhrani. "Marabda, Battle of (1625)", in ''Historical Dictionary of Georgia'', by Alexander Mikaberidze (Rowman & Littlefield, 2015) p. 454 when the

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...

ian Safavid army defeated a Georgian force. *

July July is the seventh month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honour of Roman general Julius Caesar in 44 B.C., being the month of his birth. Before the ...

– The Barbary pirates first attack south-western

. In August they enslave about 60 people from Mount's Bay in

Cornwall Cornwall (; or ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South West England. It is also one of the Celtic nations and the homeland of the Cornish people. The county is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, ...

. * August 6 – Ernest Casimir of Nassau-Dietz is appointed as stadtholder of

Groningen Groningen ( , ; ; or ) is the capital city and main municipality of Groningen (province), Groningen province in the Netherlands. Dubbed the "capital of the north", Groningen is the largest place as well as the economic and cultural centre of ...

. * August 16 – Ernest Casimir of Nassau-Dietz is appointed stadtholder of Drenthe. * September 8 – The Treaty of Southampton makes an alliance between England and the

, against

Spain Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Eur ...

. * September 13 – A total of 16

rabbi A rabbi (; ) is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi—known as ''semikha''—following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form of t ...

s (including Isaiah Horowitz) are imprisoned in

Jerusalem Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest cities in the world, and ...

. * September 15 – After several skirmishes in the preceding days, troops under the Marquis of Toiras successfully recapture the island of Ré, forcing the Duke of Soubise to flee to

, and ending the second Huguenot rebellion. * September 24 – A Dutch fleet attacks San Juan, Puerto Rico.

October–December

* October 25 – A Dutch fleet attacks the Portuguese garrison at Elmina castle at modern-day Elmina, Ghana, but is defeated with heavy casualties. This defeat, along with the defeats at

and

Puerto Rico ; abbreviated PR), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, is a Government of Puerto Rico, self-governing Caribbean Geography of Puerto Rico, archipelago and island organized as an Territories of the United States, unincorporated territo ...

, causes a five-year-long lull in Dutch attacks on Spanish and Portuguese colonies. * November 1– 7 – Cádiz Expedition: English forces commanded by Admiral George Villiers (which set out from

Plymouth Plymouth ( ) is a port city status in the United Kingdom, city and unitary authority in Devon, South West England. It is located on Devon's south coast between the rivers River Plym, Plym and River Tamar, Tamar, about southwest of Exeter and ...

on October 8) are decisively defeated by the Spanish at Cádiz. * December 9 –

Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...

: The

Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...

and

sign the Treaty of The Hague, a military peace treaty for providing economical aid to King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway, during his military campaigns in Germany.

Date unknown

* The Dutch settle

Manhattan Manhattan ( ) is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the Boroughs of New York City, five boroughs of New York City. Coextensive with New York County, Manhattan is the County statistics of the United States#Smallest, larg ...

, founding the town of

New Amsterdam New Amsterdam (, ) was a 17th-century Dutch Empire, Dutch settlement established at the southern tip of Manhattan Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in New Netherland. The initial trading ''Factory (trading post), fac ...

. The town will transform into a piece of

New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...

. * The capital of

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

Antananarivo Antananarivo (Malagasy language, Malagasy: ; French language, French: ''Tananarive'', ), also known by its colonial shorthand form Tana (), is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Madagascar. The administrative area of the city, known ...

, is founded by King Andrianjaka. * In England, a very high tide occurs, the highest ever known in the Thames, and the sea walls in

Kent Kent is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South East England. It is bordered by Essex across the Thames Estuary to the north, the Strait of Dover to the south-east, East Sussex to the south-west, Surrey to the west, and Gr ...

Essex Essex ( ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the East of England, and one of the home counties. It is bordered by Cambridgeshire and Suffolk to the north, the North Sea to the east, Kent across the Thames Estuary to the ...

, and

Lincolnshire Lincolnshire (), abbreviated ''Lincs'', is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the East Midlands and Yorkshire and the Humber regions of England. It is bordered by the East Riding of Yorkshire across the Humber estuary to th ...

are overthrown, thus great desolation is caused to the lands near the sea. * An English colony is established in

Barbados Barbados, officially the Republic of Barbados, is an island country in the Atlantic Ocean. It is part of the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies and the easternmost island of the Caribbean region. It lies on the boundary of the South American ...

. * The first members of the

Society of Jesus The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. It was founded in 1540 ...

move to Quebec, Canada. * Approximate date – Shyaam a-Mbul begins to unify the Kuba Kingdom in Central Africa.

Births

January–March

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler ...

– Thieleman J. van Braght, Dutch Anabaptist author (d. 1664) *

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), ...

– Leopold Louis, Count Palatine of Veldenz, German noble (d. 1694) *

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno (emperor), Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman Empire *1003 – Boleslaus III, Duke of Bohemia, Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I ...

– Jobst Herman, Count of Lippe, Sternberg and Schwalenberg (d. 1678) *

February 14 It is observed in most countries as Valentine's Day. Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution#Persian phase, Abbasid Revolution: The Kaysanites Shia#History, Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad ...

– Countess Palatine Maria Eufrosyne of Zweibrücken, Swedish princess (d. 1687) *

February 18 Events Pre-1600 * 3102 BC – Kali Yuga, the fourth and final yuga of Hinduism, starts with the death of Krishna. * 1229 – The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining J ...

– Giovanni Giuseppe Cosattini, Italian painter (d. 1699) *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The ...

– Joan Huydecoper II, Dutch mayor (d. 1704) *

March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...

– William Gregory, English politician and judge (d. 1696) *

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the H ...

– Daniel Gittard, French architect (d. 1686) *

** Ann, Lady Fanshawe, English memoirist (d. 1680) ** John Collins, English mathematician (d. 1683)

April–June

* April 4 – Sir John Drake, 1st Baronet, English Member of Parliament (d. 1669) *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921), second Fatimid invasion of Medieval Egypt, Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, Al-Qa'im (Fa ...

– Domenico Maria Canuti, Italian painter of the Baroque period (d. 1684) * April 18 – Sir John Baber, English physician to Charles II (d. 1704) * April 25 – John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duke of Brunswick-Calenberg (1665–1679) (d. 1679) * May 9 – George Pitt, English politician (d. 1694) *

May 11 Events Pre-1600 * 330 – Constantine the Great dedicates the much-expanded and rebuilt city of Byzantium, changing its name to New Rome and declaring it the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. *868 – A copy of the Diamond Sūtr ...

– Elisabeth Marie, Duchess of Oels, Regent of Oels (1664–1672) (d. 1686) * May 13 – Carlo Maratta, Italian painter (d. 1713) * May 23 – John Louis, Count of Nassau-Ottweiler (d. 1690) *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. * 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes ...

** John Davies, Welsh translator and writer (d. 1693) ** Gaspar Téllez-Girón, 5th Duke de Osuna, Spanish duke (d. 1694) * June 8 – Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Italian astronomer and engineer (d. 1712) * June 9 – Sarah Rapelje, the "first white child" born in New Netherland (d. 1685) * June 10 – János Apáczai Csere, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1659) * June 16 – Samuel Chappuzeau, French scholar (d. 1701) * June 17 – Peder Hansen Resen, Danish historian (d. 1688) *

June 22 Events Pre-1600 *217 BC – Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. *168 BC – Battle of Pydna: Roman Republic, Romans under Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus, Luciu ...

– Henry Cromwell-Williams, English politician (d.

1673 Events January–March * January 22 – Impersonator Mary Carleton is hanging, hanged at Newgate Prison in London, for multiple thefts and returning from penal transportation. * February 10 – Molière's ''comédie-ballet ...

) * June 23 – John Fell, English churchman and influential academic (d. 1686)

July–September

* July 10 – Jean Herauld Gourville, French adventurer (d. 1703) * July 27 – Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich (d. 1672) * July 30 – Philippe François, 1st Duke of Arenberg (d. 1674) * August 9 – Hans Rosing, Norwegian bishop (d. 1699) * August 10 ** Johann Deutschmann, German Lutheran theologian (d. 1706) ** Augustine Reding, Swiss abbot and theologian (d.

1692 Events January–March * January 24 – At least 75 residents of what is now York, Maine are killed in the Raid on York (1692), Candlemas Massacre, carried out by French soldiers led by missionary Louis-Pierre Thury, along with a ...

) *

August 13 Events Pre-1600 * 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. * 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. * 554 &ndash ...

– Rasmus Bartholin, Danish physician and scientist (d. 1698) *

August 14 Events Pre-1600 * 74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan. * 29 BC – Octavian ...

– François de Harlay de Champvallon, Archbishop of Paris (d. 1695) * August 20 – Thomas Corneille, French dramatist (d. 1709) *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. *1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song War ...

– John Claypole, English politician (d. 1688) *

September 2 Events Pre-1600 * 44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. * 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his '' Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of ...

– Federico Baldeschi Colonna, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1691) *

September 4 Events Pre-1600 * 476 – Romulus Augustulus is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself "King of Italy", thus Fall of the Western Roman Empire, ending the Western Roman Empire. * 626 – Li Shimin, Posthumous name, posthumously known as ...

– Johan van Rensselaer, Dutch noble (d. 1663) * September 5 – Charles II Otto, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (1669–1671) (d. 1671) * September 7 – Henry Frederick, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1628–1699) (d. 1699) * September 8 – William Bond, first Speaker of the Massachusetts Province House of Representatives (d. 1695) * September 13 – Thomas Reynell, English politician (d. 1698) * September 16 – Gregorio Barbarigo, Italian Catholic saint (d. 1697) * September 23 – Ferdinand Maximilian, Hereditary Prince of Baden-Baden, father of Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden (d. 1669) * September 24 – Johan de Witt, Dutch politician (d. 1672)

October–December

* October 2 – Vere Essex Cromwell, 4th Earl of Ardglass, English noble (d. 1687) * October 4 – Jacqueline Pascal, French child prodigy and sister of

Blaise Pascal Blaise Pascal (19June 162319August 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic Church, Catholic writer. Pascal was a child prodigy who was educated by his father, a tax collector in Rouen. His earliest ...

(d. 1661) * October 5 – Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern (d. 1663) * October 6 – Francis Small, English trader and landowner residing primarily in Kittery, Maine (d. 1714) * October 9 – Jacques Henri de Durfort de Duras, French noble (d. 1704) * October 10 – Erik Dahlbergh, Swedish engineer, soldier and field marshal (d. 1703) * October 19 – Pierre Nicole, French Jansenist (d. 1695) * October 23 – Charles Cheyne, 1st Viscount Newhaven, English Member of Parliament (d. 1698) * October 26 – Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1680) * October 31 – Christen Jensen Lodberg, Danish bishop (d. 1693) * November 1 – Oliver Plunkett, Irish archbishop, martyr and saint (d. 1681) *

November 7 Events Pre-1600 * 335 – Athanasius, 20th pope of Alexandria, is banished to Trier on the charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople. * 680 – The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople. ...

– Henri II, Duke of Nemours, 7th Duc de Nemours (1652–59) (d. 1659) * November 8 – Mary Rich, Countess of Warwick, 7th daughter of Richard Boyle (d. 1678) * November 12 – Sir Edward Dering, 2nd Baronet, Irish politician (d. 1684) * November 13 – William Christoph, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, Germany (d. 1681) * November 20 ** Tønne Huitfeldt, Norwegian landowner and military officer (d. 1677) ** Paulus Potter, Dutch painter (d. 1654) * November 30 – Jean Domat, French jurist (d. 1696) * December 8 – Margaret Mostyn, English Carmelite nun (d. 1679) * December 10 – Melchior Barthel, German sculptor (d. 1672) * December 14 – Barthélemy d'Herbelot de Molainville, French orientalist (d. 1695) * December 16 – Erhard Weigel, German mathematician, astronomer and philosopher (d. 1699) * December 20 ** Tamás Esterházy, Hungarian noble (d. 1652) ** David Gregory, Scottish physician and inventor (d. 1720) * December 24 – Johann Rudolph Ahle, German composer and organist (d.

)

Date unknown

* Margareta Beijer, director of the Swedish royal post office (d. 1675)

Deaths

ArthurChichester BaronChichesterOfBelfast Belfast Harbour Commissioners

January–March

* January/February – Robert Cushman, English Plymouth Colony settler (b. 1577) *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 * 1675 – Battle of Colmar: The French ...

– Simon Marius, German astronomer (b. 1573) *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of the Roman Republic, Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army, prompting the tribunes who support him to flee to where Caesar is waiting in Ravenna ...

– Ruggiero Giovannelli, Italian composer (b. c. 1560) *

– Maria Dolgorukova, first spouse of Tsar Michael I of Russia (b. c.

1601 This Epoch (reference date)#Computing, epoch is the beginning of the 400-year Gregorian leap-year cycle within which digital files first existed; the last year of any such cycle is the only leap year whose year number is divisible by 100. Jan ...

) *

January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the C ...

– John Pakington, English noble (b. 1549) *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. * 1229 ...

– Count John III of Rietberg (b. 1566) *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to become monks by Constantine VII, who becomes sole emperor of the ...

– Adrianus Valerius, Dutch National Anthem writer (b. c. 1575) *

– Jacob Gretser, German Jesuit writer (b. 1562) *

– Philipp Julius, Duke of Pomerania (b. 1584) *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats Roman usurper, usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the w ...

– Arthur Chichester, 1st Baron Chichester, English peer (b. 1563) *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 * 747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 320 – Chandragupta ...

** Anna Vasa of Sweden, Polish and Swedish princess (b.

1568 Year 1568 ( MDLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 6 – In the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom, the delegates of Unio Trium Nationum to the Diet of Torda convene i ...

) ** Jeremiah of Wallachia, Romanian-born Capuchin lay brother, who spent his entire adult life serving as an infirmarian of the Order in Italy (b. 1556) *

March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his '' bucellarii'' are almost ...

– James Hamilton, 2nd Marquess of Hamilton (b. 1589) *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cobl ...

** Johann Bayer, German lawyer and uranographer (celestial cartographer) (b. 1572) ** Joachim Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1603–1625) (b. 1583) * March 26 – Giambattista Marino, Italian poet (b. 1569) * March 27 – King James VI of Scotland/James I of England and Ireland (b. 1566) *

or March 29 – Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas, Spanish historian (b. 1549)

April–June

– Andres de Soto, Franciscan preacher and spiritual writer (b. 1552) *

– Adriaan van den Spiegel, Flemish physician, anatomist (b. 1578) * April 10 – Michael de Sanctis, Spanish Trinitarian priest (b. 1591) * April 15 – Thomas Field, Irish Jesuit (b. 1546) * April 16 – Nicholas Assheton, English country squire, writer (b. 1590) * April 23 – Maurice, Prince of Orange (b. 1567) * April 30 ** Marco Passionei, Italian Catholic, member of the Order of Friars Minor (b. 1560) ** Lawrence Tanfield, British politician (b. 1551) * May 7 – John Garrard, Lord Mayor of London (1601-1602) (b. 1550) *

– William Barlow, British scientist (b. 1603) *

June 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1252 – Alfonso X is proclaimed king of Castile and León. * 1298 – Residents of Riga and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeat the Livonian Order in the Battle of Turaida. * 1495 – A monk, John Cor, rec ...

– Honoré d'Urfé, French writer (b.

) * June 2 – Mōri Terumoto, Japanese warrior (b. 1553) * June 5 – Orlando Gibbons, English composer and organist (b. 1583)

July–September

* July 1 – Teimuraz I, Prince of Mukhrani, Georgian prince (b. 1572) * July 19 – Samuel Besler, Polish composer (b. 1574) * July 26 – Johannes Piscator, German theologian (b. 1546) * August 3 – Ludovico Bertonio, Italian missionary (b. 1552) *

– Hans Rottenhammer, German artist (b. 1564) * August 15 – Mary Cholmondeley, English medieval lady, litigant over her inheritance (b. 1563) * August 18 – Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche, English diplomat (b. 1556) * August 19 – Enno III, Count of East Frisia, Count of Ostfriesland (1599-1625) from the Cirksena Family (b. 1563) * August 29 – John Fletcher, English writer (b. 1579) * August 30 – Duchess Anna of Prussia, daughter of Albert Frederick (b. 1576) *

–

Thomas Smythe Sir Thomas Smythe (or Smith, c. 1558 – 4 September 1625) was an English merchant, politician and colonial administrator. He was the first governor of the East India Company and treasurer of the Virginia Company from 1609 to 1620 until envelo ...

, English diplomat (b. 1558) * September 6 – Thomas Dempster, Scottish historian (b. 1579) * September 11 – Charles Montagu, English politician (b. 1564) * September 14 ** Pieter Isaacsz, Dutch painter (b. 1569) ** Edward Mayhew, English priest (b. 1569) * September 19 – Eitel Frederick von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, German Catholic cardinal (b. 1582) * September 20 – Heinrich Meibom, German historian and poet (b. 1555) * September 26 – Edward Stafford, 4th Baron Stafford of England (b. 1572)

October–December

* October 1 – César Oudin, French translator (b. 1560) * October 6 – Anthony Irby, English politician (b. 1547) * October 22 – Kikkawa Hiroie, Japanese politician (b. 1561) * October 24 ** Duke Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, Third son of Duke Friedrich Wilhelm I of Saxe-Weimar (b. 1599) ** Abraham Scultetus, German theologian (b. 1566) * October 25 – Hans Michael Elias von Obentraut, Palatinate cavalry general in the Thirty Years' War (b. 1574) * November 3 – Adam Gumpelzhaimer, German composer (b. 1559) * November 16 –

Sofonisba Anguissola Sofonisba Anguissola ( – 16 November 1625), also known as Sophonisba Angussola or Sophonisba Anguisciola, was an Italian Renaissance painter born in Cremona to a relatively poor noble family. She received a well-rounded education that ...

, Italian painter (b. c. 1532) * November 19 – Johann Reinhard I, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1569) * December 8 – Christina of Holstein-Gottorp, queen consort of King Charles IX of Sweden (b. 1573) * December 9 – Ubbo Emmius, Dutch historian and geographer (b. 1547) * December 16 – Elizabeth of Hesse-Kassel, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Gütsrow (b. 1596) * December 27 – Charles Baillie, Flemish-born Scottish papal agent (b. 1542)

Date unknown

* Richard Fowns, English divine (b. 1560?) * Willem Schouten, Dutch navigator (died at sea) (b. c. 1567) * Juan de las Roelas, Spanish artist (b. 1558)

References

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