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Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł
Prince Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł (; 26 October 1625 or 26 October 1635 – 14 November 1680) was a Polish–Lithuanian noble and magnate. He is sometimes referred to as ''the first'' Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł, to distinguish him from the other member of his family to use the name. He held the following titles: Majorat of Nieśwież, Master of the Pantry of Lithuania (since 1652), Carver of Lithuania (since 1653), Cupbearer of Lithuania (since 1656), castellan of Vilnius (since 1661), Voivode of the Vilnius Voivodeship (since 1667), Deputy Chancellor of Lithuania (1668) and Field Hetman of Lithuania. He was also a starost of Upytė, Przemyśl, Człuchów, Kamieniec, Chojnice, Lida, Telšiai, Rabsztyn, Choteń, Homel, Oster, Gulbin, and several other towns in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Between 2 May and 18 July 1661, he served as the Marshal of the ordinary Sejm held in Warsaw. He married Katarzyna Sobieska, the sister of the Kin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nesvizh
Nyasvizh or Nesvizh is a town in Minsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative centre of Nyasvizh District. Nyasvizh is the site of Nesvizh Castle, a World Heritage Site. In 2009, its population was 14,300. As of 2025, it has a population of 15,909. History Nesvizh was first documented in 1223. It was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until 1793, but the Grand Duchy was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth since 1569. In the 15th century, while still a minor town, it belonged to the Kiszka family and later to the Radziwiłł family, and remained the family's seat until 1813. In 1561 or 1562 Maciej Kawęczyński founded the print works of the Polish Brethren. The first Belarusian language book printed in Latin alphabet, Latin script, a catechism by Symon Budny, was published in Nesvizh in 1562. The ''Nieśwież Bible'' ('':pl:Biblia nieświeska, Biblia nieświeska''), one of the oldest Bible translations into Polish, Polish translations of the Bible, also by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilnius
Vilnius ( , ) is the capital of and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city in Lithuania and the List of cities in the Baltic states by population, most-populous city in the Baltic states. The city's estimated January 2025 population was 607,667, and the Vilnius urban area (which extends beyond the city limits) has an estimated population of 747,864. Vilnius is notable for the architecture of its Vilnius Old Town, Old Town, considered one of Europe's largest and best-preserved old towns. The city was declared a World Heritage Site, UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. The architectural style known as Vilnian Baroque is named after the city, which is farthest to the east among Baroque architecture, Baroque cities and the largest such city north of the Alps. The city was noted for its #Demographics, multicultural population during the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, with contemporary sources comparing it to Babylon. Before World War II and The Holocaust in Lithuania, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabsztyn
Rabsztyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Olkusz, within Olkusz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Olkusz and north-west of the regional capital Kraków. It is home to Rabsztyn Castle Rabsztyn Castle is a preserved Gothic ruined castle located in the Polish Jura within the Eagles' Nests Trail, in the village of Rabsztyn, Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a cou .... References Villages in Olkusz County {{Olkusz-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telšiai
Telšiai (; Samogitian language, Samogitian: ''Telšē'') is a city in Lithuania with about 21,499 inhabitants. It is the capital of Telšiai County and Samogitia region, and it is located on the shores of Lake Mastis. Telšiai is one of the oldest cities in Lithuania, probably dating earlier than the 14th century. Between the 15th and 20th centuries, Telšiai became a district capital. Until 1795, Telšiai County formed the Duchy of Samogitia within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Between 1795 and 1802 it was included in the Vilnius Governorate. In 1873, Telšiai was transferred to the Kovno Governorate. Names The name Telšiai is a variant of the same Lithuanian language root (''-telš-'', ''-tilž-'') as Tilžė or Talsi with the meaning connected to water. The name Telšiai or Telšē in Samogitian dialect of Lithuanian is derived from a verb ''telkšoti'' (literally, ''to be flooded with water'', ''to splash'', etc.). It is a cognate to the Greek thalassa - ''sea'', compare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lida
Lida is a city in Grodno Region, western Belarus, located west of Minsk. It serves as the administrative center of Lida District. As of 2025, it has a population of 103,262. Etymology The name ''Lida'' arises from its Lithuanian name ''Lyda'', which derives from ''lydimas'', meaning "slash-and-burn" agricultural method or a plot of land prepared in this way. Names in other languages are spelled as and . History Early history There are passing mentions of Lida in chronicles from 1180. Until the early 14th century, the settlement at Lida was a wooden fortress in Lithuania proper. In 1323, the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas built a brick fortress there. The generally considered founding year of Lida is 1380. The fortress withstood Crusader attacks from Prussia in 1392 and 1394 but was burned to the ground in 1710. Following the death of Gediminas, when Lithuania was divided into principalities, Lida became the capital of one of them, the seat of Algirdas. Lida was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chojnice
Chojnice (; or ; or ) is a town in northern Poland with 38,789 inhabitants, as of June 2023, near the Tuchola Forest. It is the capital of the Chojnice County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. Founded in , Chojnice is a former royal city of Poland and was an important center of cloth production in Poland. It is the location of one of the oldest high schools in Poland, and was an important center of Polish youth resistance against the Germanisation policies of Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia following the Partitions of Poland. It was the site of several significant battles, and during World War II Nazi Germany, German occupiers massacred some 2,000 Poles on its outskirts. Chojnice is a railroad junction with railroads towards Brodnica, Kościerzyna, Piła, Szczecinek and Tczew. It contains several Gothic architecture, Gothic and Baroque architecture, Baroque heritage sights, and is the largest town in the immediate vicinity of the Tuchola Forest, a large forest complex of north-central P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamieniec Podolski
Kamianets-Podilskyi (, ; ) is a city on the Smotrych River in western Ukraine, western Ukraine, to the north-east of Chernivtsi. Formerly the administrative center of Khmelnytskyi Oblast, the city is now the administrative center of Kamianets-Podilskyi Raion within the oblast. It hosts the administration of Kamianets-Podilskyi urban hromada. Population: Kamianets-Podilskyi is a historical center of Podolia region, serving as a capital of the Duchy of Podolia, Podolian Voivodeship, Podolia Eyalet, Podolia Governorate, and Podolian District. During the Ukrainian–Soviet War, the city officially served as the temporary capital of the Ukrainian People's Republic from 1919 to 1920. Name Originally known as Kamianec, its name was changed to the current following the partitions of Poland and occupation by the Russian Empire in 1795. The first part of the city's dual name originates from ' () or ', meaning 'stone' in Old East Slavic, Old Slavic. The second part of its name relate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Człuchów
Człuchów (, ''Człochòwo'', or ''Człëchòwò''; ) is a town in the region of Gdańsk Pomerania, northern Poland, with 13,350 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is the capital of Człuchów County in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. Location Człuchów lies in a forested area in the southwest of the Pomeranian Voivodeship, at the intersection of Highway 25 from Koszalin to Bydgoszcz and Highway 22 from Gorzów Wielkopolski to Elbląg. The nearest city is Chojnice, to the east. There are four lakes within the town limits: Urzędowe, Miejskie, Miejskie Małe, Rychnowskie. History Human settlement in Człuchów dates back to prehistoric times. Several traces of the Lusatian culture, Lusatian and Pomeranian culture, Pomeranian cultures were discovered during archaeological excavations within the town limits. The territory became part of the emerging Polish state in the 10th century under its first historic ruler Mieszko I. By the beginning of the 13th century Człuchów was a sm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Przemyśl
Przemyśl () is a city in southeastern Poland with 56,466 inhabitants, as of December 2023. Data for territorial unit 1862000. In 1999, it became part of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Subcarpathian Voivodeship. It was previously the capital of Przemyśl Voivodeship. Przemyśl owes its long and rich history to the advantages of its geographic location. The city lies in an area connecting mountains and lowlands known as the Przemyśl Gate (Brama Przemyska), with open lines of transport, and fertile soil. It also lies on the navigable San River. Important trade routes that connect Central Europe from Przemyśl ensure the city's importance. The Old Town of Przemyśl is listed as a List of Historic Monuments (Poland), Historic Monument of Poland. Since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, Przemyśl has been a point of refuge for many Ukrainians, as it is located near the Poland–Ukraine border and serves as the end point of the Lviv–Przemyśl railway jun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upytė
Upytė is a small village in Panevėžys district municipality in northern Lithuania. It is situated some 12 km southwest of Panevėžys on the banks of Vešeta Creek. It is now the capital of an elderate. In 1987 it had 580 residents. In the Lithuanian language, Upytė is a diminutive form of the word ''upė'', which means river. In 2004 Upytė celebrated its 750th anniversary by holding a conference ''Upytė Land: History and Culture''. Upytė linen museum is located in Stultiškiai. History The name Upytė was first mentioned in 1254 in a Livonian chronicle dealing with the divisions of the Upmala region. Upytė had a wooden castle built on an island which later became a hillfort when Lake Vešeta was drained. The castle was an important northern defence post against numerous incursions of the Livonian Order. Between 1353 and 1379 alone, it repelled ten such attacks. The castle was further expanded and fortified in the 15th century, when it served as the seat of the St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Starost
Starosta or starost (Cyrillic: ''старост/а'', Latin: ''capitaneus'', ) is a community elder in some Slavic lands. The Slavic root of "starost" translates as "senior". Since the Middle Ages, it has designated an official in a leadership position in a range of civic and social contexts throughout Central and Eastern Europe. In reference to a municipality, a ''starosta'' was historically a senior royal administrative official, equivalent to a county sheriff or seneschal, and analogous to a '' gubernator''. In Poland, a ''starosta'' administered crown territory or a district called a '' starostwo''. In the early Middle Ages, a ''starosta'' could head a settled urban or rural community or other community, as in the case of a church starosta or an '' artel'' starosta. A starosta also functioned as a master of ceremonies. Czech Republic and Slovakia In the Czech Republic and Slovakia ''starosta'' is the title of a mayor of a town or village. Mayors of major cities use the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hetman
''Hetman'' is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders (comparable to a field marshal or imperial marshal in the Holy Roman Empire). First used by the Czechs in Bohemia in the 15th century, it was the title of the second-highest military commander after the king in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 16th to 18th centuries. Hetman was also the title of the head of the Cossack state in Ukraine after the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648. Throughout much of the history of Romania and the Moldavia, hetmans were the second-highest army rank. In the modern Czech Republic, the title is used for regional governors. Etymology The term ''hetman'' was a Polish borrowing, most likely stemming via Czech from the Turkic title ''ataman'' (literally 'father of horsemen'), however it could also come from the German – captain. Since hetman as a title first appeared in Czechia in the 15th century, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
