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Pre-1600

* 655
Battle of the Winwaed The Battle of the Winwaed (Welsh: ''Maes Gai''; lat-med, Strages Gai Campi) was fought on 15 November 655 between King Penda of Mercia and Oswiu of Bernicia, ending in the Mercians' defeat and Penda's death. According to Bede, the battle ...
:
Penda of Mercia Penda (died 15 November 655)Manuscript A of the '' Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' gives the year as 655. Bede also gives the year as 655 and specifies a date, 15 November. R. L. Poole (''Studies in Chronology and History'', 1934) put forward the theo ...
is defeated by
Oswiu of Northumbria Oswiu, also known as Oswy or Oswig ( ang, Ōswīg; c. 612 – 15 February 670), was King of Bernicia from 642 and of Northumbria from 654 until his death. He is notable for his role at the Synod of Whitby in 664, which ultimately brought the ch ...
. *
1315 Year 1315 ( MCCCXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * May 9 – Eudes IV succeeds Hugh V as Duke of Burgundy. * August – Louis X is crowned ...
Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy The Old Swiss Confederacy began as a late medieval alliance between the communities of the valleys in the Central Alps, at the time part of the Holy Roman Empire, to facilitate the management of common interests such as free trade and to ens ...
: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle of Morgarten. *
1532 Year 1532 ( MDXXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 22 – São Vicente is established as the first permanent Portuguese settlem ...
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire The Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, also known as the Conquest of Peru, was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. After years of preliminary exploration and military skirmishes, 168 Spanish so ...
: Commanded by
Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro González, Marquess of the Atabillos (; ;  – 26 June 1541) was a Spanish conquistador, best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of Peru. Born in Trujillo, Cáceres, Trujillo, Spain to a poor fam ...
, Spanish conquistadors under Hernando de Soto meet
Incan Emperor The Sapa Inca (from Quechua ''Sapa Inka'' "the only Inca") was the monarch of the Inca Empire (''Tawantinsuyu''), as well as ruler of the earlier Kingdom of Cusco and the later Neo-Inca State. While the origins of the position are mythical and ...
Atahualpa Atahualpa (), also Atawallpa ( Quechua), Atabalica, Atahuallpa, Atabalipa (c. 1502 – 26-29 July 1533) was the last Inca Emperor. After defeating his brother, Atahualpa became very briefly the last Sapa Inca (sovereign emperor) of the Inca Emp ...
for the first time outside
Cajamarca Cajamarca (), also known by the Quechua name, ''Kashamarka'', is the capital and largest city of the Cajamarca Region as well as an important cultural and commercial center in the northern Andes. It is located in the northern highlands of Peru ...
, arranging for a meeting in the city plaza the following day. *
1533 __NOTOC__ Year 1533 ( MDXXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 25 – King Henry VIII of England formally but secretly marrie ...
Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro González, Marquess of the Atabillos (; ;  – 26 June 1541) was a Spanish conquistador, best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of Peru. Born in Trujillo, Cáceres, Trujillo, Spain to a poor fam ...
arrives in
Cuzco Cusco, often spelled Cuzco (; qu, Qusqu ()), is a city in Southeastern Peru near the Urubamba Valley of the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cusco Region and of the Cusco Province. The city is the seventh most populous in Peru; ...
, the capital of the
Inca Empire The Inca Empire (also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire), called ''Tawantinsuyu'' by its subjects, ( Quechua for the "Realm of the Four Parts",  "four parts together" ) was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The adm ...
.


1601–1900

* 1705
Rákóczi's War of Independence Rákóczi's War of Independence (1703–11) was the first significant attempt to topple the rule of the Habsburgs over Hungary. The war was conducted by a group of noblemen, wealthy and high-ranking progressives and was led by Francis II Rák ...
: The Habsburg Empire and Denmark win a military victory over the
Kuruc Kuruc (, plural ''kurucok''), also spelled kurutz, refers to a group of armed anti- Habsburg insurgents in the Kingdom of Hungary between 1671 and 1711. Over time, the term kuruc has come to designate Hungarians who advocate strict national in ...
s from
Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croa ...
in the Battle of Zsibó. *
1760 Events January–March * January 9 – Battle of Barari Ghat: Afghan forces defeat the Marathas. * January 22 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Wandiwash, India: British general Sir Eyre Coote is victorious over the ...
– The secondly-built
Castellania :''For other uses, see Castellania (disambiguation).'' A castellania was the smallest administrative subdivision of land in medieval Malta, Poland, Hungary and the Netherlands, signifying the territory over which the master of a castle exercised ...
in
Valletta Valletta (, mt, il-Belt Valletta, ) is an administrative unit and capital of Malta. Located on the main island, between Marsamxett Harbour to the west and the Grand Harbour to the east, its population within administrative limits in 2014 was ...
is officially inaugurated with the blessing of the interior Chapel of Sorrows. *
1777 Events January–March * January 2 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of the Assunpink Creek: American general George Washington's army repulses a British attack by Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, in a seco ...
American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of ...
: After 16 months of debate the
Continental Congress The Continental Congress was a series of legislative bodies, with some executive function, for thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America, and the newly declared United States just before, during, and after the American Revolutionary War. ...
approves the
Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union was an agreement among the 13 Colonies of the United States of America that served as its first frame of government. It was approved after much debate (between July 1776 and November 1777) by ...
. *
1806 Events January–March * January 1 ** The French Republican Calendar is abolished. ** The Kingdom of Bavaria is established by Napoleon. * January 5 – The body of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, lies in state in the Painted Hal ...
Pike Expedition The Pike Expedition (July 15, 1806 – July 1, 1807) was a military party sent out by President Thomas Jefferson and authorized by the United States government to explore the south and west of the recent Louisiana Purchase.Berry, Trey; Pam ...
: Lieutenant
Zebulon Pike Zebulon Montgomery Pike (January 5, 1779 – April 27, 1813) was an American brigadier general and explorer for whom Pikes Peak in Colorado was named. As a U.S. Army officer he led two expeditions under authority of President Thomas Jefferson ...
spots a mountain peak while near the
Colorado Colorado (, other variants) is a state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains, as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the wes ...
foothills of the
Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range and the largest mountain system in North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch in straight-line distance from the northernmost part of western Canada, to New Mexico in ...
. It is later named
Pikes Peak Pikes Peak is the highest summit of the southern Front Range of the Rocky Mountains, in North America. The ultra-prominent fourteener is located in Pike National Forest, west of downtown Colorado Springs, Colorado. The town of Manitou Sp ...
in his honor. *
1864 Events January–March * January 13 – American songwriter Stephen Foster (" Oh! Susanna", " Old Folks at Home") dies aged 37 in New York City, leaving a scrap of paper reading "Dear friends and gentle hearts". His parlor song ...
American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States. It was fought between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), the latter formed by state ...
: Union General
William Tecumseh Sherman William Tecumseh Sherman ( ; February 8, 1820February 14, 1891) was an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–1865), achieving recognition for his com ...
begins his March to the Sea. *
1889 Events January–March * January 1 ** The total solar eclipse of January 1, 1889 is seen over parts of California and Nevada. ** Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka experiences a vision, leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in th ...
Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
is declared a republic by Marshal
Deodoro da Fonseca Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca (; 5 August 1827 – 23 August 1892) was a Brazilian politician and military officer who served as the first president of Brazil. He was born in Alagoas in a military family, followed a military career, and became a n ...
as
Emperor An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ( empress consort), mother ( e ...
Pedro II is deposed in a military coup.


1901–present

*
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary For ...
– ''
Eduskunta The Parliament of Finland ( ; ) is the unicameral and supreme legislature of Finland, founded on 9 May 1906. In accordance with the Constitution of Finland, sovereignty belongs to the people, and that power is vested in the Parliament. The ...
'' declares itself the supreme state power of
Finland Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bo ...
, prompting its
declaration of independence A declaration of independence or declaration of statehood or proclamation of independence is an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state. Such places are usually declared from part or all of ...
and secession from
Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eigh ...
. *
1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own m ...
– The first assembly of the
League of Nations The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide Intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by ...
is held in
Geneva Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situ ...
, Switzerland. * 1920 – The
Free City of Danzig The Free City of Danzig (german: Freie Stadt Danzig; pl, Wolne Miasto Gdańsk; csb, Wòlny Gard Gduńsk) was a city-state under the protection of the League of Nations between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig (now Gda ...
is established. *
1922 Events January * January 7 – Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes. * January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éireann, the day after Éamon de Valera ...
– At least 300 are massacred during a general strike in
Guayaquil , motto = Por Guayaquil Independiente en, For Independent Guayaquil , image_map = , map_caption = , pushpin_map = Ecuador#South America , pushpin_re ...
,
Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quechuan languages, Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar language, Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechuan ...
. *
1926 Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos (general), Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud is crowned King of Kingdom of Hejaz, Hejaz. ** Bảo Đại, Crown Prince Nguyễn P ...
– The
NBC Radio Network The National Broadcasting Company's NBC Radio Network (known as the NBC Red Network prior to 1942) was an American commercial radio network which was in operation from 1926 through 2004. Along with the NBC Blue Network it was one of the first ...
opens with 24 stations. *
1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhano ...
– The
RNLI The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) is the largest charity that saves lives at sea around the coasts of the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, as well as on some inland waterways. It i ...
lifeboat ''Mary Stanford'' capsized in
Rye Harbour Rye Harbour is a village located on the East Sussex coast in southeast England, near the estuary of the River Rother: it is part of the civil parish of Icklesham and the Rother district. Rye Harbour is located some two miles (3.2 km) dow ...
with the loss of the entire 17-man crew. *
1933 Events January * January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wis ...
Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is b ...
held its first election. * 1938
Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
bans Jewish children from public schools in the aftermath of
Kristallnacht () or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s) (german: Novemberpogrome, ), was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's Sturmabteilung, (SA) paramilitary and Schutzstaffel, (SS) paramilitary forces along ...
. *
1939 This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidde ...
– In
Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
,
U.S. President The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America. The president directs the Federal government of the United States#Executive branch, executive branch of the Federal gove ...
Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...
lays the cornerstone of the
Jefferson Memorial The Jefferson Memorial is a Presidential memorials in the United States, presidential memorial built in Washington, D.C. between 1939 and 1943 in honor of Thomas Jefferson, the principal author of the United States Declaration of Independence, ...
. *
1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...
: The
Battle of Guadalcanal The Guadalcanal campaign, also known as the Battle of Guadalcanal and codenamed Operation Watchtower by American forces, was a military campaign fought between 7 August 1942 and 9 February 1943 on and around the island of Guadalcanal in the ...
ends in a decisive Allied victory. *
1943 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 – ...
The Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ...
: German SS leader
Heinrich Himmler Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (; 7 October 1900 – 23 May 1945) was of the (Protection Squadron; SS), and a leading member of the Nazi Party of Germany. Himmler was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and a main architect of th ...
orders that
Gypsies The Romani (also spelled Romany or Rromani , ), colloquially known as the Roma, are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, traditionally nomadic itinerants. They live in Europe and Anatolia, and have diaspora populations located worldwide, with sig ...
are to be put "on the same level as
Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""T ...
and placed in
concentration camp Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects". Thus, while it can simp ...
s". *
1951 Events January * January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950). * January 9 – The Government of the Uni ...
Greek resistance leader Nikos Beloyannis, along with 11 other resistance members, is sentenced to death by the
court-martial A court-martial or court martial (plural ''courts-martial'' or ''courts martial'', as "martial" is a postpositive adjective) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court. A court-martial is empowered to determine the guilt of mem ...
. *
1955 Events January * January 3 – José Ramón Guizado becomes president of Panama. * January 17 – , the first nuclear-powered submarine, puts to sea for the first time, from Groton, Connecticut. * January 18– 20 – Battle of Yiji ...
– The first part of the
Saint Petersburg Metro The Saint Petersburg Metro (russian: links=no, Петербургский метрополитен, Peterburgskiy metropoliten) is a rapid transit system in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Construction began in early 1941, but was put on hold due to Wor ...
is opened. *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
Craig Breedlove Craig Breedlove (born March 23, 1937) is an American professional race car driver and a five-time world land speed record holder. He was the first person in history to reach , and , using several turbojet-powered vehicles, all named ''Spirit of ...
sets a land speed record of 600.601 mph (966.574 km/h) in his car, the Spirit of America, at the
Bonneville Salt Flats The Bonneville Salt Flats are a densely packed salt pan in Tooele County in northwestern Utah. A remnant of the Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, it is the largest of many salt flats west of the Great Salt Lake. It is public land managed by the ...
in
Utah Utah ( , ) is a state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. Utah is a landlocked U.S. state bordered to its east by Colorado, to its northeast by Wyoming, to its north by Idaho, to its south by Arizona, and to its ...
. *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo is ...
Project Gemini Project Gemini () was NASA's second human spaceflight program. Conducted between projects Mercury and Apollo, Gemini started in 1961 and concluded in 1966. The Gemini spacecraft carried a two-astronaut crew. Ten Gemini crews and 16 individual ...
: ''
Gemini 12 Gemini 12 (officially Gemini XII) With Gemini IV, NASA changed to Roman numerals for Gemini mission designations. was a 1966 crewed spaceflight in NASA's Project Gemini. It was the 10th and final crewed Gemini flight ( Gemini 1 and Gemini 2 wer ...
'' completes the program's final mission, when it splashes down safely in the
Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Afr ...
. * 1966 – Pan Am Flight 708 crashes near
Dallgow-Döberitz Dallgow-Döberitz is a municipality in the Havelland district, in Brandenburg, Germany. Geography It consists of the villages of Dallgow-Döberitz, Rohrbeck and Seeburg. To the east it shares border with the Spandau borough of Berlin. Neighbou ...
,
East Germany East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR; german: Deutsche Demokratische Republik, , DDR, ), was a country that existed from its creation on 7 October 1949 until its dissolution on 3 October 1990. In these years the state ...
, killing all three people on board. *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establ ...
– The only fatality of the
North American X-15 The North American X-15 is a hypersonic rocket-powered aircraft. It was operated by the United States Air Force and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration as part of the X-plane series of experimental aircraft. The X-15 set spe ...
program occurs during the 191st flight when Air Force test pilot
Michael J. Adams Michael James Adams (May 5, 1930 – November 15, 1967) ( Maj USAF) was an American aviator, aeronautical engineer, and USAF astronaut. He was one of twelve pilots who flew the North American X-15, an experimental spaceplane jointly operated b ...
loses control of his aircraft which is destroyed mid-air over the
Mojave Desert The Mojave Desert ( ; mov, Hayikwiir Mat'aar; es, Desierto de Mojave) is a desert in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada mountains in the Southwestern United States. It is named for the indigenous Mojave people. It is located primarily i ...
. *
1968 The year was highlighted by Protests of 1968, protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – "Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechos ...
– The Cleveland Transit System becomes the first transit system in the
western hemisphere The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and east of the antimeridian. The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. Politically, th ...
to provide direct rapid transit service from a city's downtown to its major airport. *
1969 This year is notable for Apollo 11's first landing on the moon. Events January * January 4 – The Government of Spain hands over Ifni to Morocco. * January 5 ** Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701 crashes into a house on its approach to ...
Cold War: The Soviet submarine K-19 collides with the American submarine USS ''Gato'' in the
Barents Sea The Barents Sea ( , also ; no, Barentshavet, ; russian: Баренцево море, Barentsevo More) is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located off the northern coasts of Norway and Russia and divided between Norwegian and Russian ter ...
. * 1969 –
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: In
Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
, 250,000-500,000 protesters staged a peaceful demonstration against the war, including a symbolic "March Against Death". *
1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses (Solar eclipse of February 25, 1971, February 25, Solar eclipse of July 22, 1971, July 22 and Solar eclipse of August 20, 1971, August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 1971 lunar eclip ...
Intel Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, Santa Clara, California. It is the world's largest semiconductor chip manufacturer by revenue, and is one of the devel ...
releases the world's first commercial single-chip
microprocessor A microprocessor is a computer processor where the data processing logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit, or a small number of integrated circuits. The microprocessor contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circu ...
, the 4004. *
1976 Events January * January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 11 – The 1976 Phil ...
René Lévesque René Lévesque (; August 24, 1922 – November 1, 1987) was a Québécois people, Québécois politician and journalist who served as the 23rd premier of Quebec from 1976 to 1985. He was the first Québécois political leader since Canad ...
and the ''
Parti Québécois The Parti Québécois (; ; PQ) is a Quebec sovereignty movement, sovereignist and social democracy, social democratic provincial list of political parties in Quebec, political party in Quebec, Canada. The PQ advocates Quebec sovereignty movement ...
'' take power to become the first
Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Government of Canada, Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is ...
government of the 20th century clearly in favor of
independence Independence is a condition of a person, nation, country, or state in which residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over its territory. The opposite of independence is the s ...
. *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd government). * January 6 – ...
– A chartered
Douglas DC-8 The Douglas DC-8 (sometimes McDonnell Douglas DC-8) is a long-range narrow-body airliner built by the American Douglas Aircraft Company. After losing the May 1954 US Air Force tanker competition to the Boeing KC-135, Douglas announced in Jul ...
crashes near
Colombo, Sri Lanka Colombo ( ; si, කොළඹ, translit=Koḷam̆ba, ; ta, கொழும்பு, translit=Koḻumpu, ) is the executive and judicial Capital city, capital and largest city of Sri Lanka by population. According to the Brookings Institutio ...
, killing 183. *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
– A package from Unabomber
Ted Kaczynski Theodore John Kaczynski ( ; born May 22, 1942), also known as the Unabomber (), is an American domestic terrorist and former mathematics professor. Between 1978 and 1995, Kaczynski killed three people and injured 23 others in a nationwide ...
begins smoking in the cargo hold of a flight from
Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = List of sovereign states, Count ...
to
Washington, D.C. ) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
, forcing the plane to make an emergency landing. *
1983 The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning ...
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Northern Cyprus ( tr, Kuzey Kıbrıs), officially the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC; tr, Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti, ''KKTC''), is a ''de facto'' state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus. Reco ...
declares independence; it is only recognized by Turkey. *
1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
– A research assistant is injured when a package from the
Unabomber Theodore John Kaczynski ( ; born May 22, 1942), also known as the Unabomber (), is an American domestic terrorist and former mathematics professor. Between 1978 and 1995, Kaczynski killed three people and injured 23 others in a nationwide ...
addressed to a
University of Michigan , mottoeng = "Arts, Knowledge, Truth" , former_names = Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania (1817–1821) , budget = $10.3 billion (2021) , endowment = $17 billion (2021)As o ...
professor explodes. * 1985 – The
Anglo-Irish Agreement The Anglo-Irish Agreement was a 1985 treaty between the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland which aimed to help bring an end to the Troubles in Northern Ireland. The treaty gave the Irish government an advisory role in Northern Irelan ...
is signed at Hillsborough Castle by
British Prime Minister The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern ...
Margaret Thatcher Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (; 13 October 19258 April 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990. She was the first female British prime ...
and Irish
Taoiseach The Taoiseach is the head of government, or prime minister, of Ireland. The office is appointed by the president of Ireland upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann (the lower house of the Oireachtas, Ireland's national legislature) and the offi ...
Garret FitzGerald Garret Desmond FitzGerald (9 February 192619 May 2011) was an Irish Fine Gael politician, economist and barrister who served twice as Taoiseach, serving from 1981 to 1982 and 1982 to 1987. He served as Leader of Fine Gael from 1977 to 1987, a ...
. *
1987 File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airpor ...
– In
Brașov Brașov (, , ; german: Kronstadt; hu, Brassó; la, Corona; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Kruhnen'') is a city in Transylvania, Romania and the administrative centre of Brașov County. According to the latest Romanian census ( 2011), Brașov has a po ...
,
Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Moldova to the east, a ...
, workers rebel against the communist regime of
Nicolae Ceaușescu Nicolae Ceaușescu ( , ;  – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian communist politician and dictator. He was the general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party from 1965 to 1989, and the second and last Communist leader of Romania. He w ...
. * 1988 – In the
Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
, the uncrewed Shuttle ''Buran'' makes its only space flight. * 1988 –
Israeli–Palestinian conflict The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is one of the world's most enduring conflicts, beginning in the mid-20th century. Various attempts have been made to resolve the conflict as part of the Israeli–Palestinian peace process, alongside other eff ...
: An independent
State of Palestine Palestine ( ar, فلسطين, Filasṭīn), officially the State of Palestine ( ar, دولة فلسطين, Dawlat Filasṭīn, label=none), is a state located in Western Asia. Officially governed by the Palestine Liberation Organization ( ...
is proclaimed by the
Palestinian National Council The Palestinian National Council (PNC) ( ar, المجلس الوطني الفلسطيني, "'Almajlis Alwataniu Alfilastiniu"') is the legislative body of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and elects the PLO Executive Committee, which ...
. * 1988 – The first
Fairtrade A fair trade certification is a product certification within the market-based movement fair trade. The most widely used fair trade certification is FLO International's, the International Fairtrade Certification Mark, used in Europe, Africa, ...
label,
Max Havelaar ''Max Havelaar; or, The Coffee Auctions of the Dutch Trading Company'' ( nl, Max Havelaar; of, De koffi-veilingen der Nederlandsche Handel-Maatschappy) is an 1860 novel by Multatuli (the pen name of Eduard Douwes Dekker), which played a key rol ...
, is launched in the
Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
. *
1990 File:1990 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1990 FIFA World Cup is played in Italy; The Human Genome Project is launched; Voyager I takes the famous Pale Blue Dot image- speaking on the fragility of Humankind, humanity on Earth, Astroph ...
– The Communist
People's Republic of Bulgaria The People's Republic of Bulgaria (PRB; bg, Народна Република България (НРБ), ''Narodna Republika Balgariya, NRB'') was the official name of Bulgaria, when it was a socialist republic from 1946 to 1990, ruled by the ...
is disestablished and a new republican government is instituted. *
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson Ma ...
– A magnitude 7.1 earthquake hits the central Philippine island of
Mindoro Mindoro is the seventh largest and eighth-most populous island in the Philippines. With a total land area of 10,571 km2 ( 4,082 sq.mi ) and has a population of 1,408,454 as of 2020 census. It is located off the southwestern coast of Luz ...
, killing 78 people, injuring 430 and triggering a tsunami up to high. *
2000 File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...
– A chartered
Antonov An-24 The Antonov An-24 ( Russian/ Ukrainian: Антонов Ан-24) ( NATO reporting name: Coke) is a 44-seat twin turboprop transport/passenger aircraft designed in 1957 in the Soviet Union by the Antonov Design Bureau and manufactured by Kyiv, I ...
crashes after takeoff from
Luanda Luanda () is the Capital (political), capital and largest city in Angola. It is Angola's primary port, and its major Angola#Economy, industrial, Angola#Culture, cultural and Angola#Demographics, urban centre. Located on Angola's northern Atl ...
,
Angola , national_anthem = "Angola Avante"() , image_map = , map_caption = , capital = Luanda , religion = , religion_year = 2020 , religion_ref = , coordina ...
, killing more than 40 people. * 2000 –
Jharkhand Jharkhand (; ; ) is a state in eastern India. The state shares its border with the states of West Bengal to the east, Chhattisgarh to the west, Uttar Pradesh to the northwest, Bihar to the north and Odisha to the south. It has an area of . ...
officially becomes the 28th
state of India India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, with a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and smaller administrative divisions. History Pre-indepen ...
, formed from eighteen districts of southern
Bihar Bihar (; ) is a state in eastern India. It is the 2nd largest state by population in 2019, 12th largest by area of , and 14th largest by GDP in 2021. Bihar borders Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West ...
. *
2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a multi-national coalition in an invasion of Afghanistan ...
Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational corporation, multinational technology company, technology corporation producing Software, computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at th ...
launches the
Xbox Xbox is a video gaming brand created and owned by Microsoft. The brand consists of five video game consoles, as well as applications (games), streaming services, an online service by the name of Xbox network, and the development arm by th ...
game console. *
2002 File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains independence from Indonesia and ...
Hu Jintao Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese politician who served as the 16–17th general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 2002 to 2012, the 6th president of the People's Republic of China (PRC) from 2003 to 2013, an ...
becomes
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party The general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party () is the head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since 1989, the CCP general secretary has been the paramount leader ...
and a new nine-member
Politburo Standing Committee The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), officially the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Histori ...
is inaugurated. *
2003 File:2003 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The crew of STS-107 perished when the Space Shuttle Columbia Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, disintegrated during reentry into Atmosphere of Earth, Earth's atmosphere; SARS became an 2002– ...
– The first day of the
2003 Istanbul bombings The 2003 Istanbul bombings were a series of suicide attacks carried out with trucks fitted with bombs detonated at four different locations in Istanbul, Turkey on November 15 and 20, 2003. On November 15, two truck bombs were detonated, one in ...
, in which two car bombs, targeting two synagogues, explode, kill 25 people and wound 300 more. * 2006 – '' Al Jazeera English'' launches worldwide. *
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
Cyclone Sidr Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Sidr was a tropical cyclone that resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in Bangladesh. The fourth named storm of the 2007 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Sidr formed in the central Bay of Bengal, and qu ...
hits
Bangladesh Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million pe ...
, killing an estimated 5,000 people and destroying parts of the world's largest
mangrove A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water. The term is also used for tropical coastal vegetation consisting of such species. Mangroves are taxonomically diverse, as a result of convergent evolution in several ...
forest, the
Sundarbans Sundarbans (pronounced ) is a mangrove area in the delta formed by the confluence of the Padma, Brahmaputra and Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It spans the area from the Baleswar River in Bangladesh's division of Khulna to the Hooghly ...
. *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
Xi Jinping Xi Jinping ( ; ; ; born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician who has served as the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), and thus as the paramount leader of China, ...
becomes
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party The general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party () is the head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), the sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Since 1989, the CCP general secretary has been the paramount leader ...
and a new seven-member
Politburo Standing Committee The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), officially the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, is a committee consisting of the top leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Histori ...
is inaugurated. *
2013 File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment ...
Sony , commonly stylized as SONY, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. As a major technology company, it operates as one of the world's largest manufacturers of consumer and professional ...
releases the
PlayStation 4 The PlayStation 4 (PS4) is a home video game console developed by Sony Interactive Entertainment. Announced as the successor to the PlayStation 3 in February 2013, it was launched on November 15, 2013, in North America, November 29, 2013 in ...
(PS4) game console. * 2016Hong Kong's High Court bans elected politicians
Yau Wai-ching Regine Yau Wai-ching (; born 6 May 1991) is a Hong Kong former politician and former member of the localist group Youngspiration. She was elected to the Legislative Council of Hong Kong as a member for Kowloon West in the 2016 Legislative ...
and
Baggio Leung Sixtus "Baggio" Leung Chung-hang (; born 7 August 1986) is a Hong Kong activist and politician. He is the convenor of Youngspiration, a localist political group in Hong Kong that leans towards Hong Kong independence, and is also leader and s ...
from the city's
Parliament In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. ...
. *
2020 2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global social and economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, worldwide lockdowns and the largest economic recession since the Great Depression in ...
Lewis Hamilton Sir Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton (born 7 January 1985) is a British racing driver currently competing in Formula One for Mercedes. In Formula One, Hamilton has won a joint-record seven World Drivers' Championship titles (tied with Mic ...
wins the
Turkish Grand Prix The Turkish Grand Prix ( tr, ) is a Formula One motor race held at the Istanbul Park Circuit, designed by Hermann Tilke. The race was part of the Formula One World Championship between and , and to , the latter two being due to the COVID ...
and secures his seventh drivers' title, equalling the all-time record held by
Michael Schumacher Michael Schumacher (; ; born 3 January 1969) is a German former racing driver who competed in Formula One for Jordan, Benetton, Ferrari, and Mercedes. Schumacher has a joint-record seven World Drivers' Championship titles (tied with Lewis ...
.


Births


Pre-1600

* 459B'utz Aj Sak Chiik, Mayan king (d. 501) * 1316
John I John I may refer to: People * John I (bishop of Jerusalem) * John Chrysostom (349 – c. 407), Patriarch of Constantinople * John of Antioch (died 441) * Pope John I, Pope from 523 to 526 * John I (exarch) (died 615), Exarch of Ravenna * John ...
, king of France and Navarre (d. 1316) *
1397 Year 1397 ( MCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January – Mircea I takes back the throne of Wallachia. * February 10 – J ...
Nicholas V Pope Nicholas V ( la, Nicholaus V; it, Niccolò V; 13 November 1397 – 24 March 1455), born Tommaso Parentucelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 March 1447 until his death in March 1455. Pope Eugene made ...
, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1455) *
1498 Year 1498 ( MCDXCVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1498th year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 498th year of the 2nd millennium, the 98t ...
Eleanor of Austria Eleanor of Austria (15 November 1498 – 25 February 1558), also called Eleanor of Castile, was born an Archduchess of Austria and Infanta of Castile from the House of Habsburg, and subsequently became Queen consort of Portugal (1518–1 ...
, queen of Portugal and France (d. 1558) *
1511 Year 1511 ( MDXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * March 26 - The 1511 Idrija earthquake occurs, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X ( ...
Johannes Secundus, Dutch poet and author (d. 1536) *
1556 __NOTOC__ Year 1556 ( MDLVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 16 – Charles V, having already abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor, ...
Jacques Davy Duperron, French cardinal (d. 1618)


1601–1900

*
1607 Events January–June * January 13 – The Bank of Genoa fails, after the announcement of national bankruptcy in Spain. * January 19 – San Agustin Church, Manila, is officially completed; by the 21st century it will be the ...
Madeleine de Scudéry, French author (d. 1701) *
1660 Events January–March * January 1 ** At daybreak, English Army Colonel George Monck, with two brigades of troops from his Scottish occupational force, fords the River Tweed at Coldstream in Scotland to cross the border into England ...
Hermann von der Hardt Hermann von der Hardt (November 15, 1660 – February 28, 1746) was a German historian and orientalist. He was born at Melle, in Westphalia (now in Lower Saxony). He studied oriental languages at the universities of Jena and Leipzig, and in 1690 ...
, German historian and orientalist (d. 1746) *
1661 Events January–March * January 6 – The Fifth Monarchists, led by Thomas Venner, unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London; George Monck's regiment defeats them. * January 29 – The Rokeby baronets, a British ...
Christoph von Graffenried Christoph von Graffenried, 1st Baron of Bernberg (15 November 1661 – 1743), from a Swiss patrician family, was the founder of New Bern, North Carolina, land speculator, and leader in the early Swiss and German colonization of America. Much of ...
, Swiss-American settler and author (d. 1743) * 1692Eusebius Amort, German poet and theologian (d. 1775) *
1708 In the Swedish calendar it was a leap year starting on Wednesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Events January–June * January 1 – Charles XII of Sweden invades Russia, by crossing th ...
William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, (15 November 170811 May 1778) was a British statesman of the Whig group who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1766 to 1768. Historians call him Chatham or William Pitt the Elder to distinguish ...
, English soldier and politician,
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As moder ...
(d. 1778) *
1738 Events January–March * January 1 – At least 664 African slaves drown, when the Dutch West Indies Company slave ship ''Leusden'' capsizes and sinks in the Maroni River, during its arrival in Surinam. The Dutch crew escape ...
William Herschel Frederick William Herschel (; german: Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel; 15 November 1738 – 25 August 1822) was a German-born British astronomer and composer. He frequently collaborated with his younger sister and fellow astronomer Carolin ...
, German-English astronomer and composer (d. 1822) *
1741 Events January–March * January 13 – Lanesborough, Massachusetts is created as a township. *February 13 – Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, popularizes the term "the balance of power" in a speech ...
Johann Kaspar Lavater Johann Kaspar (or Caspar) Lavater (; 15 November 1741 – 2 January 1801) was a Swiss poet, writer, philosopher, physiognomist and theologian. Early life Lavater was born in Zürich, and was educated at the '' Gymnasium'' there, where J. J. ...
, Swiss poet and physiognomist (d. 1801) *
1746 Events January–March * January 8 – The Young Pretender Charles Edward Stuart occupies Stirling, Scotland. * January 17 – Battle of Falkirk Muir: British Government forces are defeated by Jacobite forces. * Februa ...
Joseph Quesnel Joseph Quesnel (15 November 1746 – 2 or 3 July 1809) was a French Canadian composer, poet, playwright and slave-trader. Among his works were two operas, ''Colas et Colinette'' and ''Lucas et Cécile''; the former is considered to be the fir ...
, French-Canadian poet, playwright, and composer (d. 1809) *
1757 Events January–March * January 2 – Seven Years' War: The British Army, under the command of Robert Clive, captures Calcutta, India. * January 5 – Robert-François Damiens makes an unsuccessful assassination att ...
Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher Heinrich Christian Friedrich Schumacher (15 November 1757 in Glückstadt, Holstein – 9 December 1830) was a Danish surgeon, botanist and professor of anatomy at the University of Copenhagen. Schumacher carried out significant research work i ...
, Danish surgeon, botanist, and academic (d. 1830) * 1776
José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi José Joaquín Fernández de Lizardi (November 15, 1776 – June 21, 1827), Mexican writer and political journalist, best known as the author of '' El Periquillo Sarniento'' (1816), translated as ''The Mangy Parrot'' in English, reputed to be the ...
, Mexican journalist and author (d. 1827) *
1784 Events January–March * January 6 – Treaty of Constantinople: The Ottoman Empire agrees to Russia's annexation of the Crimea. * January 14 – The Congress of the United States ratifies the Treaty of Paris with Great Bri ...
Jérôme Bonaparte Jérôme-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Girolamo Buonaparte; 15 November 1784 – 24 June 1860) was the youngest brother of Napoleon I and reigned as Jerome Napoleon I (formally Hieronymus Napoleon in German), King of Westphalia, between 1807 and 1 ...
, French husband of
Catharina of Württemberg Princess Katharina Friederike of Württemberg (21 February 1783 – 29 November 1835) was Queen consort of Westphalia by marriage to Jérôme Bonaparte, who reigned as King of Westphalia between 1807 and 1813. Life Katharina was born in Saint Pe ...
(d. 1860) *
1791 Events January–March * January 1 – Austrian composer Joseph Haydn arrives in England, to perform a series of concerts. * January 2 – Northwest Indian War: Big Bottom Massacre – The war begins in the Ohio Countr ...
Friedrich Ernst Scheller Friedrich Ernst Scheller (15 November 1791 – 21 December 1869) was a German jurist and politician. He served as a member of the Frankfurt Parliament. Scheller studied jurisprudence at the University of Göttingen from 1809 until 1813 and g ...
, German lawyer, jurist, and politician (d. 1869) *
1793 The French Republic introduced the French Revolutionary Calendar starting with the year I. Events January–June * January 7 – The Ebel riot occurs in Sweden. * January 9 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to ...
Michel Chasles Michel Floréal Chasles (; 15 November 1793 – 18 December 1880) was a French mathematician. Biography He was born at Épernon in France and studied at the École Polytechnique in Paris under Siméon Denis Poisson. In the War of the Sixth Coa ...
, French mathematician and academic (d. 1880) *
1849 Events January–March * January 1 – France begins issue of the Ceres series, the nation's first postage stamps. * January 5 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Austrian army, led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, enters in th ...
Mary E. Byrd, American astronomer and educator (d. 1934) *
1852 Events January–March * January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims a new constitution for the French Second Republic. * January 15 – Nine men representing various Jewish charitable organizations come t ...
Tewfik Pasha Mohamed Tewfik Pasha ( ar, محمد توفيق باشا ''Muḥammad Tawfīq Bāshā''; April 30 or 15 November 1852 – 7 January 1892), also known as Tawfiq of Egypt, was khedive of Egypt and the Sudan between 1879 and 1892 and the sixth rul ...
, Egyptian ruler (d. 1892) *
1859 Events January–March * January 21 – José Mariano Salas (1797–1867) becomes Conservative interim President of Mexico. * January 24 ( O. S.) – Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexandru Ioan Cuza (Romania since 1866, final ...
Christopher Hornsrud, Norwegian businessman and politician, 11th
Prime Minister of Norway The prime minister of Norway ( no, statsminister, which directly translates to "minister of state") is the head of government and chief executive of Norway. The prime minister and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior government department ...
(d. 1960) *
1862 Events January–March * January 1 – The United Kingdom annexes Lagos Island, in modern-day Nigeria. * January 6 – French intervention in Mexico: French, Spanish and British forces arrive in Veracruz, Mexico. * January ...
Gerhart Hauptmann Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann (; 15 November 1862 – 6 June 1946) was a German dramatist and novelist. He is counted among the most important promoters of literary naturalism, though he integrated other styles into his work as well. He recei ...
, German novelist, poet, and playwright,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfre ...
laureate (d. 1946) *
1865 Events January–March * January 4 – The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at 10-12 Broad near Wall Street, in New York City. * January 13 – American Civil War : Second Battle of Fort Fisher ...
John Earle, Australian politician, 22nd
Premier of Tasmania The premier of Tasmania is the head of the executive government in the Australian state of Tasmania. By convention, the leader of the party or political grouping which has majority support in the House of Assembly is invited by the governor of T ...
(d. 1932) *
1866 Events January–March * January 1 ** Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee. ** The last issue of the abolitionist magazine ''The Liberator'' is published. * January 6 – Ottoman troo ...
Cornelia Sorabji Cornelia Sorabji (15 November 1866 – 6 July 1954) was an Indian lawyer, social reformer and writer. She was the first female graduate from Bombay University, and the first woman to study law at Oxford University. Returning to India after her ...
, Indian lawyer, social reformer and writer (d. 1954) *1867 – Emil Krebs, German Polyglotism, polyglot (d. 1930) *1868 – Emil Racoviță, Romanian biologist, zoologist, and explorer (d. 1947) *1873 – Sara Josephine Baker, American physician and academic (d. 1945) *1874 – Dimitrios Golemis, Greek runner (d. 1941) * 1874 – August Krogh, Danish zoologist and physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1949) *1879 – Lewis Stone, American actor (d. 1953) *1881 – Franklin Pierce Adams, American journalist and author (d. 1960) *1882 – Felix Frankfurter, Austrian-American lawyer and jurist (d. 1965) *1886 – René Guénon, French-Egyptian philosopher and author (d. 1951) *1887 – Marianne Moore, American poet, critic, and translator (d. 1972) * 1887 – Georgia O'Keeffe, American painter and educator (d. 1986) *1888 – Artie Matthews, American pianist and composer (d. 1958) *1890 – Richmal Crompton, English author and educator (d. 1969) *1891 – W. Averell Harriman, American businessman and politician, 11th United States Secretary of Commerce (d. 1986) * 1891 – Erwin Rommel, German field marshal (d. 1944) *1892 – Naomi Childers, American actress (d. 1964) *1895 – Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918) * 1895 – Antoni Słonimski, Polish journalist, poet, and playwright (d. 1976) *1896 – Leonard Lord, English businessman (d. 1967) *1897 – Aneurin Bevan, Welsh journalist and politician, Secretary of State for Health (d. 1960) * 1897 – Sacheverell Sitwell, English author and critic (d. 1988) *1899 – Avdy Andresson, Estonian-American soldier and diplomat, Minister of Defence (Estonia), Estonian Minister of War (d. 1990)


1901–present

*1903 – Stewie Dempster, New Zealand cricketer and coach (d. 1974) *1905 – Mantovani, Italian conductor and composer (d. 1980) *1906 – Curtis LeMay, American general and politician (d. 1990) *1907 – Claus von Stauffenberg, German colonel (d. 1944) *1908 – Carlo Abarth, Italian engineer and businessman, founded Abarth (d. 1979) *1912 – Harald Keres, Estonian physicist and academic (d. 2010) * 1912 – Yi Wu, Japanese-Korean colonel (d. 1945) *1913 – Jack Dyer, Australian footballer and coach (d. 2003) * 1913 – Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist and poet (d. 2005) *1914 – V. R. Krishna Iyer, Indian lawyer and judge (d. 2014) *1916 – Nita Barrow, Barbadian nurse and politician, 7th Governor-General of Barbados (d. 1995) * 1916 – Bill Melendez, Mexican-American voice actor, animator, director, and producer (d. 2008) *1919 – Carol Bruce, American singer and actress (d. 2007) * 1919 – Joseph Wapner, American judge and television personality (d. 2017) *
1920 Events January * January 1 ** Polish–Soviet War in 1920: The Russian Red Army increases its troops along the Polish border from 4 divisions to 20. ** Kauniainen, completely surrounded by the city of Espoo, secedes from Espoo as its own m ...
– Vasilis Diamantopoulos, Greek actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1999) *
1922 Events January * January 7 – Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes. * January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éireann, the day after Éamon de Valera ...
– Francis Brunn, German juggler (d. 2004) * 1922 – David Sidney Feingold, American biochemist and academic (d. 2019) * 1922 – Francesco Rosi, Italian director and screenwriter (d. 2015) *1923 – Văn Cao, Vietnamese composer, poet, and painter (d. 1995) * 1923 – Samuel Klein (businessman), Samuel Klein, Polish-Brazilian businessman and philanthropist, founded Casas Bahia (d. 2014) *1924 – Gianni Ferrio, Italian composer and conductor (d. 2013) *1925 – Howard Baker, American lawyer, politician, and diplomat, 12th White House Chief of Staff (d. 2014) *
1926 Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos (general), Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud is crowned King of Kingdom of Hejaz, Hejaz. ** Bảo Đại, Crown Prince Nguyễn P ...
– Thomas Williams (writer), Thomas Williams, American author and academic (d. 1990) *1927 – Bill Rowling, New Zealand politician, 30th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1995) *
1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhano ...
– Seldon Powell, American saxophonist and flute player (d. 1997) * 1928 – C. W. McCall, American singer-songwriter and politician (d. 2022) *1929 – Ed Asner, American actor, singer, and producer (d. 2021) * 1929 – Joe Hinton, American singer (d. 1968) *1930 – J. G. Ballard, English novelist, short story writer, and essayist (d. 2009) * 1930 – Olene Walker, American lawyer and politician, 15th Governor of Utah (d. 2015) *1931 – John Kerr (actor), John Kerr, American actor, singer, and lawyer (d. 2013) * 1931 – Mwai Kibaki, Kenyan economist and politician, 3rd President of Kenya (d. 2022) * 1931 – Pascal Lissouba, Congolese politician, President of the Republic of the Congo (d. 2020) *1932 – Petula Clark, English singer-songwriter and actress * 1932 – Clyde McPhatter, American singer (d. 1972) * 1932 – Alvin Plantinga, American philosopher, author, and academic *
1933 Events January * January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wis ...
– Gloria Foster, American actress (d. 2001) * 1933 – Theodore Roszak (scholar), Theodore Roszak, American scholar and author (d. 2011) *1934 – Joanna Barnes, American actress and author (d. 2022) * 1934 – Peter Dickinson (musician), Peter Dickinson, English pianist and composer *1935 – Nera White, American basketball player (d. 2016) *1936 – H. B. Bailey, American race car driver (d. 2003) * 1936 – Wolf Biermann, German singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1936 – Tara Singh Hayer, Indian-Canadian journalist and publisher (d. 1998) *1937 – Little Willie John, American singer-songwriter (d. 1968) *
1939 This year also marks the start of the Second World War, the largest and deadliest conflict in human history. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 ** Third Reich *** Jews are forbidde ...
– Terry Bradbury, English footballer and manager * 1939 – Yaphet Kotto, American actor and screenwriter (d. 2021) * 1939 – Rauni-Leena Luukanen-Kilde, Finnish physician and parapsychologist (d. 2015) *1940 – Roberto Cavalli, Italian fashion designer * 1940 – Tony Mendez, American CIA technical operations officer (d. 2019) * 1940 – Ulf Pilgaard, Danish actor and screenwriter * 1940 – Hank Wangford, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and physician * 1940 – Sam Waterston, American actor *1941 – Rick Kemp, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer * 1941 – Daniel Pinkwater, American author and illustrator *
1942 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Declaration by United Nations is signed by China, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Soviet Union, and 22 other nations, in wh ...
– Daniel Barenboim, Argentinian-Israeli pianist and conductor *1945 – Roger Donaldson, Australian director, producer, and screenwriter * 1945 – Bob Gunton, American actor and singer * 1945 – Anni-Frid Lyngstad, Norwegian-Swedish singer *1946 – Vassilis Goumas, Greek basketball player *1947 – Malcolm Ranjith, Sri Lankan cardinal * 1947 – Bill Richardson, American politician and diplomat, 21st United States Ambassador to the United Nations * 1947 – Ken Sutcliffe, Australian journalist and sportscaster *1948 – Jimmy Choo, Malaysian fashion designer *1948 – Teodoro Locsin, Jr., Filipino journalist, lawyer, politician and diplomat *1950 – Egon Vaupel, German lawyer and politician, 16th Mayor of Marburg *
1951 Events January * January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950). * January 9 – The Government of the Uni ...
– Beverly D'Angelo, American actress, singer, and producer *1952 – Rick Atkinson, American journalist, historian, and author * 1952 – Randy Savage, American wrestler (d. 2011) *1953 – Alexander O'Neal, American R&B singer-songwriter and arranger * 1953 – James Widdoes, American actor, director, and producer *1954 – Kevin S. Bright, American director and producer * 1954 – Emma Dent Coad, British politician * 1954 – Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Polish journalist and politician, 3rd President of Poland * 1954 – Randy Thomas (musician), Randy Thomas, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1954 – Tony Thompson (drummer), Tony Thompson, American R&B, disco, and rock drummer (d. 2003) *
1955 Events January * January 3 – José Ramón Guizado becomes president of Panama. * January 17 – , the first nuclear-powered submarine, puts to sea for the first time, from Groton, Connecticut. * January 18– 20 – Battle of Yiji ...
– Joe Leeway, English pop singer-songwriter and percussionist *1956 – Michael Hampton, American guitarist and producer *1957 – Gerry Connolly (comedian), Gerry Connolly, Australian comedian and actor * 1957 – Kevin Eubanks, American guitarist and composer * 1957 – Harold Marcuse, American historian and educator * 1957 – Michael Woythe, German footballer and manager *1958 – Lewis Fitz-Gerald, Australian actor and director * 1958 – Gu Kailai, Chinese lawyer and businesswoman * 1958 – Lesley Laird, British politician *1959 – Tibor Fischer, English author *1960 – Dawn Airey, English broadcaster *1961 – Hugh McGahan, New Zealand rugby league player *1962 – Mark Acres, American basketball player and educator * 1962 – Judy Gold, American comedian, actress, and producer *1963 – Andrew Castle, English tennis player and television host * 1963 – Benny Elias, Lebanese-Australian rugby league player and sportscaster * 1963 – Kevin J. O'Connor (actor), Kevin J. O'Connor, American actor *1964 – Stelios Aposporis, Greek footballer and manager * 1964 – Mikhail Rusyayev, Russian footballer, coach, and manager (d. 2011) * 1964 – Tiit Sokk, Estonian basketball player and coach *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
– Nigel Bond, English snooker player * 1965 – Stefan Pfeiffer, German swimmer *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo is ...
– Rachel True, American actress *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establ ...
– Greg Anthony, American basketball player and sportscaster * 1967 – Cynthia Breazeal, American computer scientist, roboticist, and academic * 1967 – Pedro Borbón, Jr., Dominican baseball player * 1967 – E-40, American rapper and actor * 1967 – Wayne Harrison (footballer, born 1967), Wayne Harrison, English footballer (d. 2013) * 1967 – François Ozon, French director, producer, and screenwriter * 1967 – Gus Poyet, Uruguayan footballer and manager * 1967 – Jon Preston, New Zealand rugby player *
1968 The year was highlighted by Protests of 1968, protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – "Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechos ...
– Ol' Dirty Bastard, American rapper and producer (d. 2004) * 1968 – Fausto Brizzi, Italian director, producer, and screenwriter * 1968 – Teodoro Casiño, Filipino journalist and politician * 1968 – Jennifer Charles, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1968 – Uwe Rösler, German footballer and manager *1970 – Ilija Aračić, Croatian footballer and coach * 1970 – Jack Ingram, American singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1970 – Alexander Kvitashvili, Georgian-Ukrainian academic and politician, 19th Minister of Healthcare (Ukraine), Ukrainian Minister of Healthcare * 1970 – Patrick M'Boma, Cameroonian footballer *
1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses (Solar eclipse of February 25, 1971, February 25, Solar eclipse of July 22, 1971, July 22 and Solar eclipse of August 20, 1971, August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 1971 lunar eclip ...
– Jay Harrington, American actor * 1971 – Martin Pieckenhagen, German footballer *1972 – Jonny Lee Miller, English-American actor *1973 – Sydney Tamiia Poitier, American actress * 1973 – Alamgir Sheriyar, English cricketer *1974 – Chad Kroeger, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer *1975 – Scott Henshall, English fashion designer * 1975 – Yannick Tremblay (ice hockey, born 1975), Yannick Tremblay, Canadian ice hockey player * 1975 – Boris Živković, Croatian footballer *
1976 Events January * January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 11 – The 1976 Phil ...
– Brandon DiCamillo, American comedian, actor, and stuntman * 1976 – Virginie Ledoyen, French actress * 1976 – Sule (comedian), Sule, Indonesian comedian and actor *1977 – Sean Murray (actor), Sean Murray, American actor * 1977 – Peter Phillips, English businessman * 1977 – Robaire Smith, American football player *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd government). * January 6 – ...
– Floyd Womack, American football player *
1979 Events January * January 1 ** United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the ''International Year of the Child''. Many musicians donate to the ''Music for UNICEF Concert'' fund, among them ABBA, who write the song ...
– Brooks Bollinger, American football player and coach * 1979 – Josemi, Spanish footballer * 1979 – Brett Lancaster, Australian cyclist *1980 – Ace Young, American singer-songwriter and actor *1981 – Drew Hodgdon, American football player * 1981 – Lorena Ochoa, Mexican golfer *1982 – D. J. Fitzpatrick, American football player * 1982 – Rio Hirai, Japanese actress * 1982 – Joe Kowalewski, American football player * 1982 – Benjamin Krause, German rugby player * 1982 – Giaan Rooney, Australian swimmer * 1982 – Lofa Tatupu, American football player * 1982 – Kalu Uche, Nigerian footballer *
1983 The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning ...
– Dominic Carroll, Gibraltarian runner * 1983 – Aleksandar Pavlović, Sasha Pavlović, Serbian basketball player * 1983 – Fernando Verdasco, Spanish tennis player *1984 – Asia Kate Dillon, American actor and producer *
1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
– Lily Aldridge, American model * 1985 – Charron Fisher, American basketball player * 1985 – Simon Spender, Welsh footballer *1986 – Coye Francies, American football player * 1986 – Sania Mirza, Indian tennis player * 1986 – Jerry Roush, American singer-songwriter *
1987 File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airpor ...
– Sergio Llull, Spanish basketball player * 1988 – Morgan Parra, French rugby player * 1988 – Billy Twelvetrees, English rugby player *1989 – Jona Viray, Jonalyn Viray, Filipino singer *1991 – Maxime Colin, French footballer * 1991 – Shailene Woodley, American actress *1992 – Sofia Goggia, Italian skier * 1992 – Minami Minegishi, Japanese singer * 1992 – Daniela Seguel, Chilean tennis player * 1992 – Trevor Story, American baseball player * 1992 – Kevin Wimmer, Austrian footballer *1993 – Paulo Dybala, Argentine footballer * 1993 – Saaya Irie, Japanese actress and singer *
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson Ma ...
– Ekaterina Alexandrova, Russian tennis player * 1994 – Bryce Cartwright, Australian rugby league player *1995 – Blake Pieroni, American swimmer * 1995 – Karl-Anthony Towns, Dominican-American basketball player *1997 – Paula Badosa, Spanish tennis player * 1997 – Catie Munnings, British rally driver


Deaths


Pre-1600

*165 BCE – Mattathias, Jewish resistance leader * 621 – Malo (saint), Malo, Breton bishop and saint * 655 – Æthelhere of East Anglia, Æthelhere, king of East Anglia * 655 –
Penda of Mercia Penda (died 15 November 655)Manuscript A of the '' Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' gives the year as 655. Bede also gives the year as 655 and specifies a date, 15 November. R. L. Poole (''Studies in Chronology and History'', 1934) put forward the theo ...
, king of Mercia *1037 – Odo II, Count of Blois, Odo II, French nobleman (b. 983) *1136 – Leopold III, Margrave of Austria, Leopold III, margrave of Austria (b. 1073) *1194 – Margaret I, Countess of Flanders, Margaret I, countess of Flanders *1226 – Frederick of Isenberg, German nobleman (b. 1193) *1280 – Albertus Magnus, German bishop, theologian, and philosopher (b. 1193) *1347 – James I of Urgell, Spanish nobleman (b. 1321) *1351 – Joanna of Pfirt, duchess of Austria *1379 – Otto V, Duke of Bavaria, Otto V, duke of Bavaria *1463 – Giovanni Antonio Del Balzo Orsini, Italian nobleman *1527 – Catherine of York, English princess (b. 1479) *1579 – Ferenc Dávid, Hungarian preacher, founder of the Unitarian Church of Transylvania (b. 1510)


1601–1900

*1628 – Roque González de Santa Cruz, Paraguayan missionary and martyr (b. 1576) *1630 – Johannes Kepler, German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1571) *1670 – John Amos Comenius, Czech bishop, philosopher, and educator (b. 1592) *1691 – Aelbert Cuyp, Dutch painter (b. 1620) *1706 – 6th Dalai Lama, Tsangyang, Tibetan dalai lama (b. 1683) *1712 – James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Lancashire (b. 1658) * 1712 – Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun, English politician (b. 1675) *1787 – Christoph Willibald Gluck, German composer (b. 1714) *1794 – John Witherspoon, Scottish-American minister and academic (b. 1723) *1795 – Charles-Amédée-Philippe van Loo, French painter (b. 1719) *1832 – Jean-Baptiste Say, French economist and businessman (b. 1767) *1836 – Herman of Alaska, Russian missionary and saint (b. 1750s) *1845 – William Knibb, English Baptist minister and Jamaican missionary (b. 1803) *1853 – Maria II of Portugal, Maria II, Portuguese queen and regent (b. 1819) *1892 – Thomas Neill Cream, Scottish-Canadian serial killer (b. 1850) *1897 – Alfred Kennerley, English-Australian politician, 10th
Premier of Tasmania The premier of Tasmania is the head of the executive government in the Australian state of Tasmania. By convention, the leader of the party or political grouping which has majority support in the House of Assembly is invited by the governor of T ...
(b. 1810)


1901–present

*1908 – Empress Dowager Cixi, Cixi, China empress dowager and regent (b. 1835) *1910 – Wilhelm Raabe, German author (b. 1831) *1916 – Henryk Sienkiewicz, Polish journalist and author,
Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfre ...
laureate (b. 1846) *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary For ...
– Émile Durkheim, French sociologist, psychologist, and philosopher (b. 1858) *1919 – Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky, Polish-Russian engineer, electrician, and inventor (b. 1862) * 1919 – Mohammad Farid, Egyptian lawyer and politician (b. 1868) * 1919 – Alfred Werner, French-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866) *1921 – Tadhg Barry, veteran Irish republicanism, Irish republican and leading trade unionist (b. 1880) *
1922 Events January * January 7 – Dáil Éireann, the parliament of the Irish Republic, ratifies the Anglo-Irish Treaty by 64–57 votes. * January 10 – Arthur Griffith is elected President of Dáil Éireann, the day after Éamon de Valera ...
– Dimitrios Gounaris, Greek lawyer and politician, 94th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1866) * 1922 – Petros Protopapadakis, Greek mathematician and politician, 107th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1854) * 1922 – Nikolaos Stratos, Greek lawyer and politician, 106th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1872) *1941 – Wal Handley, English motorcycle racer (b. 1902) *1945 – Frank Chapman (ornithologist), Frank Chapman, American ornithologist and photographer (b. 1864) *1949 – Narayan Apte, Indian activist, assassin of Mahatma Gandhi (b. 1911) * 1949 – Nathuram Godse, Indian assassin of Mahatma Gandhi (b. 1910) *
1951 Events January * January 4 – Korean War: Third Battle of Seoul – Chinese and North Korean forces capture Seoul for the second time (having lost the Second Battle of Seoul in September 1950). * January 9 – The Government of the Uni ...
– Frank Weston Benson, American painter and educator (b. 1862) *1954 – Lionel Barrymore, American actor, singer, director, and screenwriter (b. 1878) *1956 – Emma Richter, German paleontologist (b. 1888) *1958 – Tyrone Power, American actor, singer, and producer (b. 1914) *1959 – Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, Scottish physicist and meteorologist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869) *1960 – Robert Raymond Cook, Canadian murderer (b. 1937) *1961 – Elsie Ferguson, American actress (b. 1883) * 1961 – Johanna Westerdijk, Dutch pathologist and academic (b. 1883) *1963 – Fritz Reiner, Hungarian-American conductor (b. 1888) *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo is ...
– Dimitrios Tofalos, Greek weightlifter and wrestler (b. 1877) * 1966 – William Zorach, Lithuanian-American sculptor and painter (b. 1887) *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establ ...
Michael J. Adams Michael James Adams (May 5, 1930 – November 15, 1967) ( Maj USAF) was an American aviator, aeronautical engineer, and USAF astronaut. He was one of twelve pilots who flew the North American X-15, an experimental spaceplane jointly operated b ...
, American soldier, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1930) *1970 – Konstantinos Tsaldaris, Egyptian-Greek politician (b. 1884) *
1971 * The year 1971 had three partial solar eclipses (Solar eclipse of February 25, 1971, February 25, Solar eclipse of July 22, 1971, July 22 and Solar eclipse of August 20, 1971, August 20) and two total lunar eclipses (February 1971 lunar eclip ...
– Rudolf Abel, English-Russian colonel (b. 1903) *
1976 Events January * January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 11 – The 1976 Phil ...
– Jean Gabin, French actor, singer, and producer (b. 1904) *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd government). * January 6 – ...
– Margaret Mead, American anthropologist and author (b. 1901) *1980 – Bill Lee (singer), Bill Lee, American actor and singer (b. 1916) *1981 – Steve Macko, American baseball player and coach (b. 1954) * 1981 – Enid Markey, American actress (b. 1894) * 1981 – Khawar Rizvi, Pakistani poet and scholar (b. 1938) *1982 – Vinoba Bhave, Indian philosopher and Gandhian, Bharat Ratna Awardee (b. 1895) * 1982 – Martín de Álzaga (racing driver), Martín de Álzaga, Argentinian race car driver (b. 1901) *
1983 The year 1983 saw both the official beginning of the Internet and the first mobile cellular telephone call. Events January * January 1 – The migration of the ARPANET to TCP/IP is officially completed (this is considered to be the beginning ...
– John Grimaldi, English keyboard player and songwriter (b. 1955) * 1983 – Charlie Grimm, American baseball player and manager (b. 1898) * 1983 – John Le Mesurier, English actor (b. 1912) *
1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
– Méret Oppenheim, German-Swiss painter, photographer, and poet (b. 1913) * 1988 – Billo Frómeta, Dominican conductor and composer (b. 1915) * 1988 – Ieronymos I of Athens, Greek archbishop and theologian (b. 1905) *
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nelson Ma ...
– Elizabeth George Speare, American author (b. 1908) *1996 – Alger Hiss, American lawyer and diplomat (b. 1904) *1997 – Saul Chaplin, American director and composer (b. 1912) *1998 – Stokely Carmichael, Trinidadian-American activist (b. 1941) * 1998 – Ludvík Daněk, Czech discus thrower (b. 1937) *
2000 File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...
– Edoardo Agnelli, son of industrialist Gianni Agnelli, converted to Shia Islam (b. 1954) *
2003 File:2003 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The crew of STS-107 perished when the Space Shuttle Columbia Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, disintegrated during reentry into Atmosphere of Earth, Earth's atmosphere; SARS became an 2002– ...
– Ray Lewis (track and field athlete), Ray Lewis, Canadian runner (b. 1910) * 2003 – Dorothy Loudon, American actress and singer (b. 1925) * 2003 – Laurence Tisch, American businessman, co-founded the Loews Corporation (b. 1923) * 2003 – Speedy West, American guitarist and producer (b. 1924) *2004 – Elmer L. Andersen, American businessman and politician, 30th Governor of Minnesota (b. 1909) * 2004 – John Morgan (comedian), John Morgan, Welsh-Canadian actor and screenwriter (b. 1930) *2005 – Adrian Rogers, American pastor and author (b. 1931) * 2005 – Arto Salminen, Finnish journalist and author (b. 1959) * 2006 – David K. Wyatt, American historian and author (b. 1937) *
2007 File:2007 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Steve Jobs unveils Apple's first iPhone; TAM Airlines Flight 3054 overruns a runway and crashes into a gas station, killing almost 200 people; Former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto ...
– Joe Nuxhall, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1928) *2008 – Grace Hartigan, American painter (b. 1922) *2009 – Serbian Patriarch Pavle II (b. 1914) *2010 – Larry Evans (chess grandmaster), Larry Evans, American chess player and journalist (b. 1932) * 2010 – Ed Kirkpatrick, American baseball player (b. 1944) * 2010 – William Edwin Self, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1921) *2011 – Oba Chandler, American murderer (b. 1946) *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
– Théophile Abega, Cameroonian footballer and politician (b. 1954) * 2012 – Luís Carreira, Portuguese motorcycle racer (b. 1976) * 2012 – Maleli Kunavore, Fijian rugby player (b. 1983) * 2012 – K. C. Pant, Indian politician, 18th Minister of Defence (India), Indian Minister of Defence (b. 1931) * 2012 – Frode Thingnæs, Norwegian trombonist, composer, and conductor (b. 1940) *
2013 File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment ...
– Sheila Matthews Allen, American actress and producer (b. 1929) * 2013 – Glafcos Clerides, Cypriot lawyer and politician, 4th President of Cyprus (b. 1919) * 2013 – Mike McCormack (American football), Mike McCormack, American football player and coach (b. 1930) *2014 – Jack Bridger Chalker, English painter and academic (b. 1918) * 2014 – Lucien Clergue, French photographer and educator (b. 1934) * 2014 – Valéry Mézague, Cameroonian footballer (b. 1983) * 2014 – Reg Withers, Australian soldier and politician, Minister for Home Affairs (Australia), Australian Minister for the Capital Territory (b. 1924) *2015 – Gisèle Prassinos, French author (b. 1920) * 2015 – Herbert Scarf, American economist and academic (b. 1930) * 2015 – Saeed Jaffrey, Indian-British actor (b. 1929) * 2016 – Mose Allison, American pianist and songwriter (b. 1927) *2017 – Lil Peep, American singer and rapper (b. 1996)


Holidays and observances

* America Recycles Day (United States) * Christian feast day: ** Abibus of Edessa ** Albertus Magnus, Albert the Great ** Beatification, Blessed Caius of Korea ** Didier of Cahors ** Francis Asbury and George Whitefield (Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church), Episcopal Church) ** Hugh Cook Faringdon, Blessed Hugh Faringdon ** Saint Leopold III, Leopold III, a Culture of Austria#Public holidays, public holiday in Lower Austria and Vienna. ** Malo (saint), Malo ** Mechell ** November 15 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) * Day of the German-speaking Community of Belgium (German-speaking Community of Belgium) * Day of the Imprisoned Writer (International observance) * Palestinian Declaration of Independence, Independence Day, unilaterally declared in 1988. (State of Palestine, Palestine) * King's Feast (Belgium) * Arbor Day, National Tree Planting Day (Sri Lanka) * Public holidays in Ivory Coast, Peace Day (Ivory Coast) * Republic Proclamation Day (Brazil) * Shichi-Go-San (Japan) * Republic Day (Northern Cyprus), Republic Day (Northern Cyprus) * The beginning of Winter Lent (Eastern Orthodox)


References


External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:November 15 Days of the year November