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Battle Of Morgarten
The Battle of Morgarten took place on 15 November 1315, when troops of Schwyz, supported by their allies of Uri and Unterwalden, ambushed an Austrian army under the command of Leopold I, Duke of Austria on the shores of Lake Ägeri, in the territory of Schwyz. After a brief close-quarters battle, the Austrian army was routed, with numerous slain or drowned. The Swiss victory consolidated the League of the Three Forest Cantons, which formed the core of the Old Swiss Confederacy. Background Toward the end of the 13th century the House of Habsburg coveted the area around the Gotthard Pass, as it offered the shortest passage to Italy. However, the Confederates of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden, which had formalized the Swiss Confederacy in 1291, held imperial freedom letters from former Habsburg emperors granting them local autonomy within the empire. In 1314 tensions between the Habsburgs and Confederates heightened when Duke Louis IV of Bavaria (who would become Louis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tschachtlanchronik
The Tschachtlanchronik of 1470 is the oldest of the still existing Swiss illustrated chronicles, compiled by Bendicht Tschachtlan and Heinrich Dittlinger of Bern. The chronicle is now kept in Zentralbibliothek Zürich ''Zentralbibliothek Zürich'' (Zürich Central Library) is a library in Zürich, Switzerland. It is the main library of both the city and the University of Zurich, housed in the ''Predigerkirche Zürich, Predigerkloster'', the former Black Fria ..., where a facsimile can be viewed. It consists of a paper manuscript including some 230 coloured illustrations, most of them full page. Two hundred of the illustrations show war scenes; the remaining show everyday life, both rural and in towns, and also scenes in the royal court. In the epilogue, the two authors declare that the work was finished in 1470. External links Digitised copy of the manuscriptEntry in Geschichtsquellen des deutschen Mittelalters Swiss illustrated chronicles {{Manuscript-art-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autonomy
In developmental psychology and moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision. Autonomous organizations or institutions are independent or self-governing. Autonomy can also be defined from a human resources perspective, where it denotes a (relatively high) level of discretion granted to an employee in his or her work. In such cases, autonomy is known to generally increase job satisfaction. Self-actualized individuals are thought to operate autonomously of external expectations. In a medical context, respect for a patient's personal autonomy is considered one of many fundamental ethical principles in medicine. Sociology In the sociology of knowledge, a controversy over the boundaries of autonomy inhibited analysis of any concept beyond relative autonomy, until a typology of autonomy was created and developed within science and technology studies. According to it, the institution of science's existing autonom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Chronicles
Several illustrated chronicles were created in the Old Swiss Confederacy in the 15th and 16th centuries. They were luxurious illuminated manuscripts produced for the urban elite of Bern and Lucerne, and their copious detailed illustrations allow a unique insight into the politics and daily life of late medieval Switzerland on the eve of the Reformation. The most important of these chronicles are the works of the two Diebold Schillings, their luxurious execution, as well as their content reflecting the growing confidence and self-esteem of the leaders of the confederacy after their spectacular successes in the Burgundian Wars. * 1423 Konrad Justinger's chronicle (Bern) the original was lost, but a copy of the text survives in Jena. * 1470 the " Tschachtlanchronik" by Bendicht Tschachtlan und Heinrich Dittlinger (Bern, now kept in Zürich) * Diebold Schilling the Elder Diebold Schilling the Elder (–1439 – 1486) was the author of several of the Swiss illustrated chronicles, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelly DeVries
Kelly Robert DeVries (born December 23, 1956) is an American medievalist and military historian specializing in the warfare of the Middle Ages. He is often featured as an expert commentator on television documentaries. He is professor of history at Loyola University Maryland and Honorary Historical Consultant at the Royal Armouries, UK. Education DeVries received his PhD in medieval studies in 1987 from the Centre for Medieval Studies at the University of Toronto. Awards DeVries with co-editor Michael Livingston was named as one of the recipients of the 2017 Distinguished Book Award from the Society for Military History for their book ''The Battle of Crécy: A Casebook''. Selected works * (1992) ''Medieval Military Technology'' Broadview Press. * (1999) ''Joan of Arc Joan of Arc ( ; ; – 30 May 1431) is a patron saint of France, honored as a defender of the French nation for her role in the siege of Orléans and her insistence on the Coronation of the Frenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Delbrück
Hans Gottlieb Leopold Delbrück (; 11 November 1848 – 14 July 1929) was a German historian. Delbrück was one of the first modern military historians, basing his method of research on the critical examination of ancient sources, using auxiliary disciplines, like demography and economics, to complete the analysis and the comparison between epochs, to trace the evolution of military institutions. Delbrück's writings are chiefly concerned with the history of the art of war, his most ambitious work being ''Geschichte der Kriegskunst im Rahmen der politischen Geschichte'' ("History of Warfare in the Framework of Political History" in four volumes, third edition published in 1920). Other works are ''Die Perserkriege und die Burgunderkriege'' (The Persian and Burgundian Wars, 1887), ''Die Strategie des Perikles erläutert durch die Strategie Friedrichs des Grossen'' (The Strategy of Pericles Described Through the Strategy of Frederick the Great, 1890) and ''Das Leben des Feldmarschall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Of Winterthur
John of Winterthur (c. 1300 – after 1348) was a Swiss historian who wrote a chronicle of history up to 1348. Background Born in Winterthur, in what is now Canton Zurich, Switzerland, John attended school in his native village from 1309 to 1315 and then joined the Franciscans. As a member of the order, he lived at Baslein in 1328, at Villingen in 1336, and at Lindau from 1343 onwards. His chronicle (''Chronicon a Friderico II Imperatore ad annum 1348'') began in 1340 and gives a history of events up to that year. His record of the later years consists more of notes or annals. Whether he updated his chronicle later is a matter of uncertainty. Assessment The chronicle is a source of information on the first half of the fourteenth century, and gives an idea of the conflicts which arose between the cities and the nobles of Upper Swabia. It also provides a general view of events in the empire, especially of Louis the Bavarian's conduct toward the papacy The pope is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pfäffikon, Schwyz
Pfäffikon is a former municipality and principal town of the municipality of Freienbach in the canton of Schwyz, Switzerland. Together with Wollerau, Pfäffikon is considered the principal town of the district (''Bezirk'') of Höfe and the center of the region of Ausserschwyz. The former farm town is known for its focus on hedge funds. With 7,200 residents, Pfäffikon is the third biggest town in the canton after Küssnacht and Einsiedeln. Politics Pfäffikon, together with Wilen bei Wollerau, Freienbach, Bäch and Hurden, form the Municipality of Freienbach. In 1848, Pfäffikon lost its independent status and was subsequently merged into Freienbach. Education Pfäffikon offers 8 kindergartens, 3 primary schools and one secondary school, as well as one of the two cantonwide schools and an open university. Private schools: * SIS Swiss International School, Pfäffikon-Schwyz [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Werner Stauffacher
Werner Stauffacher was supposedly the name of the representative of the canton of Schwyz, one of the three founding cantons at the legendary Rütlischwur of 1291, as told by Aegidius Tschudi. Many members of the Stauffacher family held the office of Landammann of Schwyz during the 13th and 14th century, most notably among them a certain Werner Stauffacher, leader of the Confederate troops at the Battle of Morgarten. According to legend, his wife was Gertrud Stauffacher. In Zürich, a tram stop ( Stauffacher), a street, a bridge and a quai are named for Stauffacher. In December 2003, the city renamed a square from "Stauffacherplatz" to Ernst-Nobs-Platz, as it was confused with the tram stop. In other Swiss towns, there are "Stauffacherstrasse" (Arbon, Bätterkinden, Bern, Emmenbrücke, Schaffhausen, St. Gallen), "Via Stauffacher" (Lugano), "Im Stauffacher" ( Bennau) or a "Stauffacherweg" (Lucerne, Solothurn Solothurn ( ; ; ; ; ) is a town, a municipality, and the capital ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anathema
The word anathema has two main meanings. One is to describe that something or someone is being hated or avoided. The other refers to a formal excommunication by a Christian denomination, church. These meanings come from the New Testament, where an anathema was a person or thing cursed or condemned by God. In the Old Testament, an anathema was something or someone cursed and separated from God because of sin. These represent two types of settings, one for devotion, the other for destruction. Etymology Anathema derives from Ancient Greek: , , meaning "an offering" or "anything dedicated", itself derived from the verb , , meaning "to offer up". In the Old Testament, חֵרֶם (''Herem (censure), chērem'') referred to both objects consecrated to divine use and those dedicated to destruction in the Lord's name, such as enemies and their weapons during religious wars. Since weapons of the enemy were considered unholy, the meaning became "anything dedicated to evil" or "a curse". I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Einsiedeln Abbey
Einsiedeln Abbey () is a Catholic monastery administered by the Benedictine Order in the village of Einsiedeln, Switzerland. The Abbey of Einsiedeln is one of the most important baroque monastic sites and the largest place of pilgrimage in Switzerland. The Black Madonna of Einsiedeln in the Chapel of Grace attracts around 800,000 pilgrims and tourists every year. The community of Benedictine monks has around 40 members. The monastery is not under the jurisdiction of a diocese or a bishop because it is a territorial abbey. The abbey operates a private high school along with a winery, sawmill, restaurant and other small businesses in order to support itself. History Origin of the monastery The history of Einsiedeln Abbey starts with Meinrad of Einsiedeln. Born in 797 in Sulchen, he was educated at the abbey school on Reichenau Island in what is today Germany. Meinrad became a monk and was later ordained a priest. After gaining public attention for reportedly performing mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eidgenossenschaft
''Eidgenossenschaft'' () is a German word specific to the political history of Switzerland. It means "oath commonwealth" or "oath alliance", in reference to the "eternal pacts" formed between the Eight Cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy of the late medieval period. In Swiss historiography, this relates most notably to the Rütlischwur (Rütli Oath) between the three founding cantons Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden, which traditionally dates to 1307. In modern usage, ''Eidgenossenschaft'' is the German term used as an equivalent to "Confederation" in the official name of Switzerland, ''Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft'' (rendered, respectively, as ''Confédération suisse'' and ''Confederazione svizzera'' in French and Italian). Its corresponding adjective, ''eidgenössisch''—officially translated as "Swiss federal"—is used in the name of organisations such as the '' Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule'', or Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. The term ''Eidgen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (other), Emperor of the Romans (; ) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period (; ), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire. The title was held in conjunction with the title of King of Italy#Kingdom of Italy (781–962), King of Italy (''Rex Italiae'') from the 8th to the 16th century, and, almost without interruption, with the title of King of Germany (''Rex Teutonicorum'', ) throughout the 12th to 18th centuries. The Holy Roman Emperor title provided the highest prestige among Christianity in the Middle Ages, medieval Catholic monarchs, because the empire was considered by the Catholic Church to be Translatio imperii, the only successor of the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Thus, in theory and diplomacy, the emperors were considered first among equalsamong other Catholic monarchs across E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
