organic chemistry Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline within chemistry involving the science, scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic matter, organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain ...

hydroxyanthraquinones refers to compounds with the formula C₁₂H_8−n(OH)_n(CO)₂ where n ≥ 1. Almost all hydroxyanthraquinones are derivative of 9,10-anthraquinone. Quoted by Khalafy and Bruce. Quoted by Khalafy and Bruce.

Isomers

One peculiarity of the hydroxyanthraquinones is the relative obscurity of the monohydroxy derivatives. Most hydroxyanthraquinones have two or more hydroxy groups.

Dihydroxy

Dihydroxyanthraquinones have the formula . The dyes

alizarin Alizarin (also known as 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, Mordant Red 11, C.I. 58000, and Turkey Red) is an organic compound with formula that has been used throughout history as a red dye, principally for dyeing textile fabrics. Historically it wa ...

(

1,2-Dihydroxyanthraquinone Alizarin (also known as 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, Mordant Red 11, Colour Index International, C.I. 58000, and Turkey Red) is an organic compound with formula that has been used throughout history as a red dye, principally for dyeing textile ...

) and

quinizarin 1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone, also called quinizarin or Solvent Orange 86, is an organic compound derived from anthroquinone. Quinizarin is an orange or red-brown crystalline powder. It is formally derived from anthraquinone by replacement of two hy ...

are prominent examples.

Trihydroxy

Trihydroxyanthraquinone A trihydroxyanthraquinone or trihydroxyanthracenedione is any of several isomeric organic compounds with formula , formally derived from anthraquinone by replacing three hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl groups. They include several historically importan ...

s have the formula .

1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone 1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone, commonly called purpurin, is an anthraquinone. It is a naturally occurring red/yellow dye. It is formally derived from 9,10-anthraquinone by replacement of three hydrogen atoms by hydroxyl (OH) groups. Purpurin is ...

, commonly called purpurin, is a naturally occurring red/yellow dye.

Tetrahydroxy

Tetrahydroxyanthraquinones have the formula . The dye quinalizarin (1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone is one example.

Hexahydroxy

Dihydroxyanthraquinones have the formula .1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone ( rufigallol) occurs in nature.

References