Žulová (until 1948 Frýdberk; ) is a town in

Jeseník District Jeseník District () is a Okres, district in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. Its capital is the town of Jeseník. With approximately 36,000 inhabitants, it is the least populated district of the Czech Republic. Administrative division Je ...

in the

Olomouc Region Olomouc Region (; , ; ) is an administrative unit () of the Czech Republic, located in the north-western and central part of its historical region of Moravia (''Morava'') and in a small part of the historical region of Czech Silesia (''České Sl ...

of the

Czech Republic The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, and historically known as Bohemia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the south ...

. It has about 1,100 inhabitants.

Administrative division

Žulová consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Žulová (938) *Tomíkovice (163)

Etymology

The name is derived from the Czech word for

granite Granite ( ) is a coarse-grained (phanerite, phaneritic) intrusive rock, intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly coo ...

(), which was mined here.

Geography

Žulová is located about north-west of

Jeseník Jeseník (; until 1947 Frývaldov (); , ) is a spa town in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 10,000 inhabitants. Administrative division Jeseník consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 202 ...

and north of

Olomouc Olomouc (; ) is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 103,000 inhabitants, making it the Statutory city (Czech Republic), sixth largest city in the country. It is the administrative centre of the Olomouc Region. Located on the Morava (rive ...

. It lies in the

Žulová Hilly Land Žulová (until 1948 Frýdberk; ) is a town in Jeseník District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants. Administrative division Žulová consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the ...

. The highest point is the hill Boží hora at above sea level. The Vidnavka stream flows through the town. Velký Pond, located in the eastern part of the municipal territory, is a

fish pond A fish pond or fishpond is a controlled pond, small artificial lake or retention basin that is stocked with fish and is used in aquaculture for fish farming, for recreational fishing, or for ornamental purposes. Fish ponds are a classical g ...

with an area of . It is the largest pond in the area.

History

The first written mention of Frýdberk is from the 13th century, when the Frýdberk Castle was built. The settlement was first referred to as a town in 1358. It was part of the

Duchy of Nysa The Duchy of Nysa (, ) or Duchy of Neisse () was one of the duchies of Silesia with its capital at Nysa in Lower Silesia. Alongside the Duchy of Siewierz, it was the only ecclesiastical duchy in the Silesian region, as it was ruled by a bis ...

under

Bohemian Bohemian or Bohemians may refer to: *Anything of or relating to Bohemia Culture and arts * Bohemianism, an unconventional lifestyle, originally practised by 19th–20th century European and American artists and writers. * Bohemian style, a ...

suzerainty. In the 15th century, silver was mined here and two glassworks were in operation. The castle was renaissance reconstructed in 1594. The development of the town ended with the

Thirty Years' War The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in History of Europe, European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine ...

. In 1639, the castle was conquered and demolished by the Swedish and Polish troops. The town was looted in 1642 and destroyed by a fire in 1657. In the second half of the 17th century, Frýdberk recovered and began to expand. In 1793, the town privileges were restored. Following the duchy's dissolution in 1850, it was incorporated directly into Bohemia. In the 19th century, the town of became a centre of stone mining and processing, especially

. From 1938 to 1945, the town was occupied by Nazi Germany and administered as a part of the

Reichsgau Sudetenland The Reichsgau Sudetenland was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1939 to 1945. It comprised the northern part of the ''Sudetenland'' territory, which was annexed from Czechoslovakia according to the 30 September 1938 Munich Agreement. ...

. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, the Germans operated a

forced labour Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of ...

subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344

prisoner-of-war camp A prisoner-of-war camp (often abbreviated as POW camp) is a site for the containment of enemy fighters captured as Prisoner of war, prisoners of war by a belligerent power in time of war. There are significant differences among POW camps, inte ...

at a quarry in Frýdberk, and a subcamp of Stalag VIII-B/344 at a quarry in Tomíkovice. In 1948, the municipality was renamed to its current name.

Demographics

Transport

Žulová is located on a railway line of local importance from Javorník to

Lipová-lázně Lipová-lázně (until 1960 Dolní Lipová; ) is a spa municipality and village in Jeseník District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,000 inhabitants. Administrative division Lipová-lázně consists of three municipal p ...

Sights

bergfried ''Bergfried'' (plural: ''bergfriede''; English: ''belfry''; French: ''tour-beffroi''; Italian: ''torrione''; Castilian: ''torre del homenaje'') is a tall tower that is typically found in castles of the Middle Ages in German-speaking countries an ...

survived from the ruins of the castle. It is up to thick and has survived to the present day up to the height of the original 4th floor. The bergfried and the core of the castle ruins were used to build a unique church. The Church of Saint Joseph was built in the Neoclassical style in 1809–1810. The stone bridge leading to the church was built in 1846 and is also a cultural monument. The Church of Our Lady of Sorrows is situated on the Boží hora Hill. A wooden church, which was built there in 1712–1713, was replaced by the current neo-Gothic building built in 1878–1880. It was designed by

Friedrich von Schmidt Friedrich von Schmidt (October 22, 1825 – January 23, 1891) was an architect who worked in late 19th century Vienna. Life and career Von Schmidt was born in Frickenhofen, Gschwend, Baden-Württemberg, Gschwend, Württemberg, Germany. After s ...

. An atypical double construction system was used during construction due to the local extreme weather conditions.

Stations of the Cross The Stations of the Cross or the Way of the Cross, also known as the Via Dolorosa, Way of Sorrows or the , are a series of fourteen images depicting Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ on the day of Crucifixion of Jesus, his crucifixion and acc ...

line the way up the hill to the church.

Gallery

Zulova radnice.jpg, Town hall Boží hora (Žulová) - okres Jeseník (11).jpg, Church of Our Lady of Sorrows

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Zulova Populated places in Jeseník District Cities and towns in the Czech Republic Czech Silesia