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Žulová Hilly Land
Žulová (until 1948 Frýdberk; ) is a town in Jeseník District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants. Administrative division Žulová consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Žulová (938) *Tomíkovice (163) Etymology The name is derived from the Czech word for granite (), which was mined here. Geography Žulová is located about north-west of Jeseník and north of Olomouc. It lies in the Žulová Hilly Land. The highest point is the hill Boží hora at above sea level. The Vidnavka stream flows through the town. Velký Pond, located in the eastern part of the municipal territory, is a fish pond with an area of . It is the largest pond in the area. History The first written mention of Frýdberk is from the 13th century, when the Frýdberk Castle was built. The settlement was first referred to as a town in 1358. It was part of the Duchy of Nysa under Bohemian suzerainty. In the 15th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obec
(, ; plural ) is the Czech and Slovak word for a municipality (in the Czech Republic, in Slovakia and abroad). The literal meaning of the word is " commune" or " community". It is the smallest administrative unit that is governed by elected representatives. Cities and towns are also municipalities. Definition The legal definition (according to the Czech code of law with similar definition in the Slovak code of law) is: ''"The municipality is a basic territorial self-governing community of citizens; it forms a territorial unit, which is defined by the boundary of the municipality."'' Every municipality is composed of one or more cadastral areas. Every municipality is also composed of one or more municipal parts (), which are usually town quarters or villages. A municipality can have its own flag and coat of arms. Czech Republic Almost the entire area of the Czech Republic is divided into municipalities, with the only exception being military training areas. The smaller mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Bohemia
The Kingdom of Bohemia (), sometimes referenced in English literature as the Czech Kingdom, was a History of the Czech lands in the High Middle Ages, medieval and History of the Czech lands, early modern monarchy in Central Europe. It was the predecessor state of the modern Czech Republic. The Kingdom of Bohemia was an Imperial State in the Holy Roman Empire. The List of Bohemian monarchs, Bohemian king was a prince-elector of the empire. The kings of Bohemia, besides the region of Bohemia itself, also ruled other Lands of the Bohemian Crown, lands belonging to the Bohemian Crown, which at various times included Moravia, Silesia, Lusatia, and parts of Saxony, Brandenburg, and Bavaria. The kingdom was established by the Přemyslid dynasty in the 12th century by the Duchy of Bohemia, later ruled by the House of Luxembourg, the Jagiellonian dynasty, and from 1526 the House of Habsburg and its successor, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. Numerous kings of Bohemia were also elected Hol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Von Schmidt
Friedrich von Schmidt (October 22, 1825 – January 23, 1891) was an architect who worked in late 19th century Vienna. Life and career Von Schmidt was born in Frickenhofen, Gschwend, Baden-Württemberg, Gschwend, Württemberg, Germany. After studying at the technical high school in Stuttgart under Breymann and Mauch, he became, in 1845, one of the guild workers employed in building Cologne Cathedral, on which he worked for fifteen years. Most of the working drawings for the towers were made by Schmidt and Vincenz Statz. In 1848 he attained the rank of master-workman and in 1856 passed the state examination as architect. After becoming a Catholic in 1858, he went to Milan as professor of architecture and began the restoration of the cathedral of Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, Sant'Ambrogio. On account of the confusion caused by the Second Italian War of Independence, war of 1859 he went to Vienna, where he was a professor at the academy and cathedral architect from 1862; in 1865 he r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bergfried
''Bergfried'' (plural: ''bergfriede''; English: ''belfry''; French: ''tour-beffroi''; Italian: ''torrione''; Castilian: ''torre del homenaje'') is a tall tower that is typically found in castles of the Middle Ages in German-speaking countries and in countries under German influence. Stephen Friar in the ''Sutton Companion to Castles'' describes a bergfried as a "free-standing, fighting-tower".Friar (2003), p 36. Its defensive function is to some extent similar to that of a keep (also known as a ''donjon'') in English or French castles. However, the characteristic difference between a bergfried and a keep is that a bergfried was typically not designed for permanent habitation. Overview The living quarters of a castle with a bergfried are separate, often in a lower tower or an adjacent building called a ''palas'' (an English-style keep combines both functions of habitation and defence.) Consequently, a bergfried could be built as a tall slender tower with little internal room, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Žulová (dř
Žulová (until 1948 Frýdberk; ) is a town in Jeseník District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,100 inhabitants. Administrative division Žulová consists of two municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Žulová (938) *Tomíkovice (163) Etymology The name is derived from the Czech word for granite (), which was mined here. Geography Žulová is located about north-west of Jeseník and north of Olomouc. It lies in the Žulová Hilly Land. The highest point is the hill Boží hora at above sea level. The Vidnavka stream flows through the town. Velký Pond, located in the eastern part of the municipal territory, is a fish pond with an area of . It is the largest pond in the area. History The first written mention of Frýdberk is from the 13th century, when the Frýdberk Castle was built. The settlement was first referred to as a town in 1358. It was part of the Duchy of Nysa under Bohemian suzerainty. In the 15th cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
České Dráhy
České dráhy (English: ''Czech Railways''), often shortened to ČD, is the major Rail transport, railway operator in the Czech Republic providing regional and long-distance services. The company was established in January 1993, shortly after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, as a successor of the Czechoslovak State Railways. It is a member of the International Union of Railways, International Railway Union (UIC Country Code for the Czech Republic is 54), the Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies, and the Organization for Cooperation of Railways. With twenty-four thousand employeesAnnual Report of České dráhy, a.s. for the Year 2014, auditor Deloitte Audit s.r.o. ČD Group is the fifth largest Czech company by the number of employees. History In 1827–1836, the Budweis–Linz–Gmunden Horse-Drawn Railway, České Budějovice–Linz railway was built, which was the second Horsecar, horse-drawn railway in continental Europe was established. The first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lipová-lázně
Lipová-lázně (until 1960 Dolní Lipová; ) is a spa municipality and village in Jeseník District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,000 inhabitants. Administrative division Lipová-lázně consists of three municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Lipová-lázně (1,655) *Bobrovník (19) *Horní Lipová (294) Geography Lipová-lázně is located about west of Jeseník and north of Olomouc. The northern part of the municipality lies in the Golden Mountains (Sudetes), Golden Mountains, the southern part lies in the Hrubý Jeseník mountains. The highest point is the peak of Šerák at above sea level, located on the southern municipal border. The built-up area is situated in the valley of the Staříč stream. History The first written mention of Dolní Lipová under its Latin name ''Lynda'' is in a copy of a document, which describes the situation in 1290. At that time it became part of the newly formed Duchy of Nysa w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Javorník (Jeseník District)
Javorník (; ) is a town in Jeseník District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,600 inhabitants. The historic town centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument zone. Administrative division Javorník consists of five municipal parts (in brackets population according to the 2021 census): *Javorník (2,140) * Bílý Potok (219) * Horní Hoštice (54) * Travná (56) * Zálesí (25) Etymology The town's name is derived from ''javor'', i.e. 'maple' in Czech. Geography Javorník is located about northwest of Jeseník and north of Olomouc, on the border with Poland. The town proper is situated in the valley of the stream Javornický potok. The larger part of the municipal territory lies in the Golden Mountains, only the eastern part lies in the Vidnava Lowlands. The highest point is the mountain Borůvková hora at above sea level, located on the Czech-Polish border. History 13th–14th centuries The first written mention of Javorn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Prisoner-of-war Camps In World War II
Nazi Germany operated around 1,000 prisoner-of-war camps () during World War II (1939-1945). The most common types of camps were Oflag, Oflags ("Officer camp") and Stalag, Stalags ("Base camp" – for enlisted personnel POW camps), although other less common types existed as well. Legal background German Reich, Germany signed the Third Geneva Convention of 1929, which established norms relating to the treatment of prisoners of war. * Article 10 required PoWs be lodged in adequately heated and lighted buildings where conditions were the same as for German troops. * Articles 27-32 detailed the conditions of labour. Enlisted ranks were required to perform whatever labour they were asked if able to do, so long as it was not dangerous and did not support the German war-effort. Senior non-commissioned officers (sergeants and above) were required to work only in a supervisory role. Commissioned officers were not required to work, although they could volunteer. The work performed was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stalag VIII-B
Stalag VIII-B was most recently a German Army (Wehrmacht), German Army administered prisoner-of-war camp#Military District VIII (Breslau), POW camp during World War II, later renumbered Stalag-344, located near the village of Lamsdorf (now Łambinowice) in Silesia. The camp contained barracks built to house British and French World War I POWs. The site had housed POWs of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71. Timeline In the 1860s, the Prussian Army established a training area for artillery at a wooded area near Lamsdorf, a small village connected by rail to Opole and Nysa, Poland, Nysa. During the Franco-Prussian War, a camp for about 3,000 French POWs was established here. During the First World War, a much larger POW camp was established here with some 90,000 soldiers of various nationalities interned here. After the Treaty of Versailles, the camp was decommissioned. It was recommissioned in 1939 to house Poland, Polish prisoners from the German invasion of Poland, which started W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forced Labour Under German Rule During World War II
The use of Slavery, slave and forced labour in Nazi Germany () and throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II took place on an unprecedented scale. It was a vital part of the Economics of fascism#Political economy of Nazi Germany, German economic exploitation of conquered territories. It also contributed to the mass extermination of populations in occupied Europe. The Germans abducted approximately 12million people from almost twenty European countries; about two thirds came from Central Europe and Eastern Europe.Part1 an Part 2 . Many workers died as a result ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
