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Varanam
Varṇam is a type of composition in the Carnatic music system that encapsulates the key features of a raga, and considered as a foundational element in the learning path. Varnams capture the essence of the ragam in terms of typical swara patterns used, vishesha prayogas, highlighting the main notes (jeeva swaras), etc. This forms the basis for creative presentation (manodharma) of the raga in the form of raga aalapana, kalpana swarams and neraval. Varnams are a fundamental form in Carnatic music. All varnams consist of lyrics, Bradnock (1992), p631 as well as ''swara'' passages, including a '' pallavi'', an '' anupallavi'', ''muktaayi swaras'', a '' charanam'', and '' chitta swaras''. There are different types of varnams, such as ''taana varnam'', ''pada varnam'', ''daru varnam'' and ''ragamalika varnam''. They also come in different ''taalams'' (beat cycles). Though the most popular varnams are in ''Aadi'' and ''Ata taalas'', there are a number of varnams in other ''talas'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnatic Music
Carnatic music (known as or in the Dravidian languages) is a system of music commonly associated with South India, including the modern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Telangana and southern Odisha. It is one of three main subgenres of Indian classical music that evolved from ancient Hindu texts and traditions, particularly the Samaveda. (The other two are Hindustani music and Odissi music.) The main emphasis in Carnatic music is on vocal music; most compositions are written to be sung, and even when played on instruments, they are meant to be performed in ''gāyaki'' (singing) style. Although there are stylistic differences, the basic elements of (the relative musical pitch), (the musical sound of a single note), (the mode or melodic formulae), and (the rhythmic cycles) form the foundation of improvisation and composition in both Carnatic and Hindustani music. Although improvisation plays an important role, Carnatic music is mainly sung ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohanam
Mohanam is a raga in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an ''audava'' rāga (or ''owdava'' rāga, meaning pentatonic scale). It is usually described as a ''janya'' rāga of Harikamboji (28th Melakartha Raga). However, alternate opinions suggest that ''Mechakalyani'' or even ''Sankarabharanam (raga), Shankarabharanam'' may be a more appropriate classification based on the lakshana of the raga. The equivalent of ''Mohanam'' in Hindustani music is ''Raga Bhopali, Bhoop''''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications (or ''Bhopali''''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras). It is one of the most common pentatonic scales across the world and is very popular in East Asian and Southeast Asian music, including China and Japan. Structure and Lakshana ''Mohanam'' is a symmetric rāga that does not contain ''madhyamam'' and ''nishādham''. It is a symmetric pentatonic scale (''audava-au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books by decree in 1586. It is the second-oldest university press after Cambridge University Press, which was founded in 1534. It is a department of the University of Oxford. It is governed by a group of 15 academics, the Delegates of the Press, appointed by the Vice Chancellor, vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford. The Delegates of the Press are led by the Secretary to the Delegates, who serves as OUP's chief executive and as its major representative on other university bodies. Oxford University Press has had a similar governance structure since the 17th century. The press is located on Walton Street, Oxford, Walton Street, Oxford, opposite Somerville College, Oxford, Somerville College, in the inner suburb of Jericho, Oxford, Jericho. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Navaragamalika
Navaragamalika (pronounced navarāgamālika) is a composition in Carnatic Music that is composed using a collection of nine ragas. Each verse is set to a different raga. Etymology ''Navaragamalika'' is the samasa of two words, ''nava'' and ''ragamalika''. ''Nava'' means nine. ''Ragamalika'' means a garland of ragas in a composition. Compositions The most well-known example of a Navaragamalika is ''Valachi Vachi'', a Telugu varnam in the nine ragams of Kedaram, Shankarabharanam, Kalyani, Begada, Kambhoji, Yadukulakamboji, Bilahari, Mohanam and Shree ragam. The author of the varnam is said to be Patnam Subramania Iyer, though it is also attributed to Kottavasal Venkatarama Iyer. ''Navaragamalikas'' are commonly used in the composition of ''Pada Varnams'', which are a class of ''varnams'' composed mainly for dance. They are particularly useful when the song is intended to portray the '' Navarasas'', or nine emotions. ''Navaragamalika Pada Varnams'' include: ''Samiyai A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muthiah Bhagavatar
Harikesanallur Muthiah Bhagavatar (15 November 1877 – 30 June 1945), commonly known as Muthiah Bhagavatar, is one of Carnatic classical music's famous twentieth-century composers. He also created about 20 ''ragas''. Early life Muthiah was born on 15 November 1877, in Harikesanallur, a small village in the Tirunelveli district of British India, into an affluent Tamil Brahmin family. He was exposed to music from a very early age, as his father was a patron of musicians. He lost his father at the young age of six years, when his maternal uncle M. Lakshmana Suri took over the responsibility for his education, initiating Muthiah into Sanskrit and Vedic studies. However, the love of music that had been implanted in him led Muthiah to leave his hometown of Harikesanallur, Tamil Nadu when he was only ten years in search of a teacher. He found the gifted teacher Padinaindumandapa Sambasiva Iyer at Tiruvarur, who recognised Muthiah's talent for music. Sambasiva Iyer was the father of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabhi
Arabhi or Aarabhi (pronounced ārabhi) is a ragam (musical scale) in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music). It is a ''Janya'' raga (derived scale), whose '' Melakarta'' raga (parent scale, also known as ''janaka'') is '' Shankarabharanam'', 29th in the 72 ''Melakarta'' raga system. It is a combination of the pentatonic scale '' Shuddha Saveri'' (or ''Durga'' in Hindustani Music) and the '' sampurna raga'' scale ''Shankarabharanam''. ''Arabhi'' is a raga that dates back to 7 AD. Originally, it was called as ''pazhanthakkam'' in Ancient Tamil music. A very auspicious ragam that emanates Veera rasa (valour), Arabhi is one of the five ''Ghana'' ragams that shine with special brilliance when '' Thanam'' is played on Veena. Structure and Lakshana Its structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see '' swaras in Carnatic music'' for details on below notation and terms): * : * : ''Arabhi'' raga is an ''Owdava-sampoorna'' raga meaning, 5 ''swaras'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swati Tirunal
Sri Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma III (16 April 1813 – 26 December 1846) was the Maharaja of the Kingdom of Travancore. He was a great musician and composer who has to his credit over 400 classical compositions in both Carnatic and Hindustani style. A code of laws, courts of justice, introduction of English education, construction of an observatory, installation of the first Government printing press, establishment of the first manuscripts library were amongst the many initiatives taken by Swathi Thirunal, as a King, to modernize Travancore. Early life Swathi Thirunal was born into the Venad dynasty of the Matrilineal royal family of Travancore, which is now a part of Kerala, on 16 April 1813. He was the second child of Queen Gowri Lakshmi Bayi who ruled Travancore from 1810 to 1815, and Raja Raja Varma Koil Thampuran of Changanasseri Palace, and the elder son. While in the womb itself, he was proclaimed King and thus was referred to as Garbha Sreemaan. He was born in Svat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dheerasankarabharanam
Dhīraśankarābharaṇaṃ, commonly known as ''Śankarābharaṇaṃ'', is a rāga in Carnatic music. It is the 29th '' Melakarta'' rāga in the 72 ''Melakarta'' rāga system of Carnatic music. Since this raga has many Gamakās (ornamentations), it is glorified as ''"Sarva Gamaka Māṇika Rakti Rāgaṃ".'' By scale wise, the Śankarābharaṇaṃ scale corresponds to '' Bilaval'' in the Hindustani music system. The Western equivalent is the major scale, or the ''Ionian mode''.''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras Hence this rāga is one of the most popular scales across the world, known with different names in different musical styles. Its nature is mellifluous and smooth. This rāga offers a large scope for compositions. It is ideal for a melodious, but still laid back majestic presentation. Structure and Lakshana It is the 5th Rāga in the 5th ''Chakra Bā� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacchimiriam Adiyappa
Pacchimiriam Adiappayya was a famous court musician at the Maratha kingdom of Thanjavur in the 18th century. He belongs to Kannada Madhwa Brahmin community. Famous musicians Veena Venkatamaramana Das of Vijayanagaram and Veena Seshanna of Mysore are his descendants. He was a composer of Carnatic music. Some of his famous disciples were Syama Sastri (1762-1827), one of the Trinity of Carnatic composers, and Ghanam Krishna Iyer. Three of his compositions, all in the Telugu language, survive today in the 21st C, two of them being kritis and one a varnam. Pacchimiriam Adiappayya's most famous composition is the varnam ''Viriboni'' in ''Bhairavi'' ragam. See also *List of Carnatic composers List of composers of Carnatic music, a subgenre of Indian classical music. Chronologically they can be grouped into 4 different Eras: Pre-Trinity Era, Trinity Era, Post Trinity Era and Modern Era. Composers are listed here based on this classif ... References * M. V. Ramana, Pre-trinity com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhairavi (ragam)
Bhairavi is a ''janya'' rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). Though it is a ''sampoorna'' rāgam (scale having all 7 notes), it has two different ''dhaivathams'' in its scale making it a Bhashanga Ragam, and hence is not classified as a ''melakarta'' rāgam (parent scale). This is one of the ancient rāgams, said to have been prevalent about 1500 years ago. There are numerous compositions in this rāgam.https://www.manishvyas.ch/healing-ragas#:~:text=Bhairavi%20relates%20to%20the%20Mahavidya,very%20wide%20scope%20for%20improvisation. Though a Raga called Bhairavi also exists in Hindusthani music, it is very different from the Carnatic version. Hindustani's Bhairavi, in terms of its aroha and avaroha alone, corresponds to Carnatic music's Thodi. It is considered a ''janya'' of the 20th ''melakarta Natabhairavi''. Its ' structure is as follows (see ''swaras'' of Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms): *: *: The other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanumatodi
Hanumatodi, more popularly known as Todi (pronounced hanumatōdi and tōdi), is a rāgam (musical scale) in Carnatic music. It is the 8th ''melakarta'' rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system. This is sung very often in concerts. It is a difficult rāgam to perform in owing to its complexity in '' prayoga'' (phrases of notes and intonation). It is called Janatodi in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.''Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal'' by Vidwan A Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai Its Western equivalent is the Phrygian mode. Todi in Carnatic music is different from ''Todi (thaat)'' of Hindustani music (North Indian classical music). The equivalent of the Hindustani raga ''Todi'' in Carnatic music is '' Shubhapantuvarali'' (which is the 45th ''melakarta'').''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras The equiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
