Hanumatodi, more popularly known as Todi (pronounced hanumatōdi and tōdi), is a rāgam (musical scale) in

Carnatic music Carnatic music, known as or in the South Indian languages, is a system of music commonly associated with South India, including the modern Indian states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, and Sri Lanka. It is o ...

. It is the 8th '' melakarta'' rāgam (parent scale) in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system. This is sung very often in concerts. It is a difficult rāgam to perform in owing to its complexity in '' prayoga'' (phrases of notes and intonation). It is called Janatodi in Muthuswami Dikshitar school of Carnatic music.''Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar Keertanaigal'' by Vidwan A Sundaram Iyer, Pub. 1989, Music Book Publishers, Mylapore, Chennai Its Western equivalent is the

Phrygian mode The Phrygian mode (pronounced ) can refer to three different musical modes: the ancient Greek ''tonos'' or ''harmonia,'' sometimes called Phrygian, formed on a particular set of octave species or scales; the Medieval Phrygian mode, and the moder ...

. Todi in Carnatic music is different from '' Todi (thaat)'' of

Hindustani music Hindustani classical music is the classical music of northern regions of the Indian subcontinent. It may also be called North Indian classical music or, in Hindustani, ''shastriya sangeet'' (). It is played in instruments like the violin, si ...

(North Indian classical music). The equivalent of the Hindustani raga ''Todi'' in Carnatic music is '' Shubhapantuvarali'' (which is the 45th ''melakarta'').''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras The equivalent of Carnatic ''Todi'' in Hindustani is '' Bhairavi thaat'' in terms of notes, but the two sound very different due to differing uses of gamakas.

Structure and Lakshana

It is the 2nd rāgam in the 2nd ''chakra Netra''. The mnemonic name is ''Netra-Sri''. The mnemonic phrase is ''sa ra gi ma pa dha ni''. Its ''ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa'' structure is as follows (see ''swaras'' in Carnatic music page for details on below notation and terms): * ārohaṇa : * avarohaṇa : This scale uses the notes ''shuddha rishabham, sadharana gandharam, shuddha madhyamam, shuddha dhaivatham'' and ''kaisiki nishadham''. It is a ''sampoorna'' rāgam - rāgam having all 7 '' swarams''. It is the ''shuddha madhyamam'' equivalent of ''

Bhavapriya Bhavapriya (meaning ''The one dear to Bhava (Shiva)'') is a ragam (musical scale) in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music). It is the 44th ''Melakarta'' rāgam in the 72 ''melakarta'' rāgam system of Carnatic music. It is called Bhavā ...

'', which is the 44th ''melakarta'' scale. A peculiarity of this raga is that it is sung in all lower notes. It is also classified as a "rakti" raga (a raga of high melodic content).

''Janya'' rāgams

''Hanumatodi'' has a quite a few '' janya'' rāgams (derived scales) associated with it, of which '' Asaveri'', '' Janatodi'', '' Dhanyasi'', '' Punnagavarali'' and ''Shuddha Seemanthini'' are popular. See List of ''janya'' rāgams for all of ''Todi's janyas''.

Popular compositions

Most composers have composed songs in ''Todi''. Thyagaraja alone has composed about 32 compositions in this raga with each composition starting at every single note of the three octaves. Thāye Yashoda, composed by Oottukkadu Venkata Kavi, is a very well known composition, in the

Tamil language Tamil (; ' , ) is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia. Tamil is an official language of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, the sovereign nations of Sri Lanka and Singapore, and the Indian territory of Pud ...

. This popular '' kriti'' is sung frequently in concerts. A popular '' varnam'' in the ''Todi'' rāgam is ''Erā Nāpai'' by Patnam Subramania Iyer, one of the famous composers of Carnatic music. Other popular compositions are: * ''Era Na Pai'' an Aadi thala varnam by Patnam Subramania Iyer * ''Daani Samajendra'', ''Saridisavasa'' (Varnams) by

Swathi Thirunal ( ml, സ്വാതി തിരുനാള്‍ രാമവർമ്മ) (16 April 1813 – 26 December 1846) was the Maharaja of the Kingdom of Travancore. He is also considered as a brilliant music composer and is credited with over 4 ...

* ''Kādhanu vāriki'', ''Dācu kovalena'', ''Proddupoyenu'', ''Dasarathi Nee Runamu'', ''Aragimpave'', ''Raju Vedale'', ''Endu daginado'', ''Chesinadella'', ''Koluvamaregada'', ''Nee vanti daivamu sadanana'' and ''Gati Neevani'' by Thyagaraja * ''Sarasijanabha Murare'', ''Devadevamam Palaya'', ''Japatha Japatha'', ''Devadeva Mam Palayamam'', ''Mandara Dhara'', ''Pankajaksha Tava Sevam'', ''Samodam Kalayami'' by

* ''Shri Krishnam Bhajamaanasa'', ''Daakshayani'',''Shri Subramanyomam Rakshatu'' and ''Kamalambike'' by Muthuswami Dikshitar * ''Raave Himagiri Kumari'', ''Karunanidhi Ilalo'' by Syama Sastri * ''Kangalidyatako'' by Sripadaraja * ''Enu Dhanyalo Lakumi'', ''Banda nodi Govinda'', ''Ninna Nodi Dhanyanadeno'' by

Purandara Dasa Purandara Dasa ( IAST: Purandara dāsa) ( 1470 – 1565) was a Haridasa philosopher and a follower of Madhwacharya 's Dwaitha philosophy -saint from present-day Karnataka, India. He was a composer, singer and one of the chief founding ...

* ''Sharadeye Karuna Varidhi'' Ny Vijaya Dasa * ''Gajananam Ganapathim'' by Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar * ''Kārthikeya Gangeya'' and ''Thamatham aen swami'' by

Papanasam Sivan Paapanaasam Raamayya Sivan (26 September 1890 – 1 October 1973) was an Indian composer of Carnatic music and a singer. He was awarded the Madras Music Academy's Sangeetha Kalanidhi in 1971. He was also a film score composer in Kannada cine ...

* ''Paradevathe Nin Pada Bhajanam'' by

Irayimman Thampi Iravivarman Thampi, better known as Irayimman Thampi (1782 October 12 - 1856 July 29), was an Indian Carnatic musician, music composer and poet from the Kingdom of Travancore. He was a vocalist in the court of Swathi Thirunal. His compositions i ...

*'' varnam ''miinakshi niidu'' by gnanananda teertha (ogirala veera raghava sarma) *''SarasijanAbha MurArE'' by

Swati Tirunal ( ml, സ്വാതി തിരുനാള്‍ രാമവർമ്മ) (16 April 1813 – 26 December 1846) was the Maharaja of the Kingdom of Travancore. He is also considered as a brilliant music composer and is credited with over 4 ...

* *'' kriti ''kamakshi sada'' by gnanananda teertha (ogirala veera raghava sarma) * ''Anjaneyam upasmahe'' by Bellary M. Sheshagiri Acharya * ''Ninne namminanu'' by Shyama Shastri * ''Notru Suvargam'' part of the Thiruppavai by

Andal Andal ( ta, ஆண்டாள்), also known as Kothai, Nachiyar, and Godadevi, was the only female Alvar among the twelve Hindu poet-saints of South India. She was posthumously considered an avatar of the goddess Bhudevi. As with the A ...

* ''Sudha Nidhe Mamava Sadha'' by

Balamurali Krishna Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna (6 July 1930 – 22 November 2016) was an Indian Carnatic vocalist, musician, multi-instrumentalist, playback singer, composer, and character actor. He was awarded the Madras Music Academy's Sangeetha Kalanidhi i ...

Film Songs

Language: Tamil

Related rāgams

''Todi's'' notes when shifted using '' Graha bhedam'', yields 5 other major ''melakarta'' rāgams, namely, ''

Kalyani Kalyani may refer to: Film and television * ''Kalyani'' (1940 film), a Hindi film * ''Kalyani'' (1952 film), a Tamil film * ''Kalyani'' (1971 film), a Kannada film * ''Kalyani'' (1979 film), a Telugu film * ''Kalyani'' (1983 film), an Oriya ...

'', '' Shankarabharanam'', '' Natabhairavi'', '' Kharaharapriya'' and '' Harikambhoji''. For further details and an illustration of ''graha bhedam'' of this rāgam refer related rāgams section in Shankarabharanam page.

Notes

References

{{Janya, state=collapsed Melakarta ragas