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Planh
A genre of the troubadours, the or (; "lament") is a funeral lament for "a great personage, a protector, a friend or relative, or a lady."Elisabeth Schulze-Busacker, "Topoi", in F. R. P. Akehurst and Judith M. Davis, eds., ''A Handbook of the Troubadours'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), pp. 421–440. Its main elements are expression of grief, praise of the deceased (eulogy) and prayer for his or her soul.Patricia Harris Stäblein, "New Views on an Old Problem: The Dynamics of Death in the ", ''Romance Philology'' 35, 1 (1981): 223–234. It is descended from the medieval Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power ... .William D. Paden, "Planh/Complainte", in W. W. Kibler and G. A. Zinn, eds., ''Medieval France: An Encyclopedia'' (New York: Garland, 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bertran De Born
Bertran de Born (; 1140s – by 1215) was a baron from the Limousin in France, and one of the major Occitan troubadours of the 12th-13th century. He composed love songs (cansos) but was better known for his political songs (sirventes). He was involved in revolts against Richard I and then Phillip II. He married twice and had five children. In his final years, he became a monk. Early life Bertran de Born was the eldest son of Bertran de Born, lord of Hautefort ( Occitan: ''Autafòrt''), and his wife Ermengardis. He had two younger brothers, Constantine and Itier. His father died in 1178, and Bertran succeeded him as lord of Hautefort. By this time, he was already married to his first wife, Raimonda, and had two sons. Hautefort lies at the border between the Limousin and Périgord. As a result, Bertran became involved in the conflicts of the sons of Henry II Plantagenet. He was also fighting for control of Hautefort. According to the feudal custom of his region, he w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Troubadour
A troubadour (, ; oc, trobador ) was a composer and performer of Old Occitan lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100–1350). Since the word ''troubadour'' is etymologically masculine, a female troubadour is usually called a '' trobairitz''. The troubadour school or tradition began in the late 11th century in Occitania, but it subsequently spread to the Italian and Iberian Peninsulas. Under the influence of the troubadours, related movements sprang up throughout Europe: the Minnesang in Germany, '' trovadorismo'' in Galicia and Portugal, and that of the trouvères in northern France. Dante Alighieri in his '' De vulgari eloquentia'' defined the troubadour lyric as ''fictio rethorica musicaque poita'': rhetorical, musical, and poetical fiction. After the "classical" period around the turn of the 13th century and a mid-century resurgence, the art of the troubadours declined in the 14th century and around the time of the Black Death (1348) it died out. The texts of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1173 In Poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). Events 1170: *Peire d'Alvernhe Peire d'Alvernhe or d'Alvernha (''Pèire'' in modern Occitan; b. c. 1130) was an Auvergnat troubadour (active 1149–1170) with twenty-oneGaunt and Kay, 287. or twenty-fourEgan, 72.Aubrey, ''The Music of the Troubadours'', 8. surviving works. ... probably wrote ''Chantarai d'aquest trobadors'' during the summertime at Puivert 1173: *Giraut de Bornelh composed a ''planh'' on the death of Raimbaut of Orange Works published ''Approximate date'' *Serlo of Wilton, "Linquo coax ranis" Births Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1170: * Gaucelm Faidit (died 1202 in poetry, 1202), Occitan language, Occitan troubadour (approx.) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giraut De Borneil
Giraut de Bornelh (; c. 1138 – 1215), whose first name is also spelled Guiraut and whose toponym is de Borneil or de Borneyll, was a troubadour connected to the castle of the viscount of Limoges. He is credited with the formalisation, if not the invention, of the "light" style, or '' trobar leu''. Biography Giraut was born to a lower-class family in the Limousin, probably in Bourney, near Excideuil in modern-day France. Guiraut might have accompanied Richard I of England and Aimar V of Limoges on the Third Crusade and stayed a while with the "good prince of Antioch", Bohemond III. He certainly made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, but perhaps before the Crusade. Works About ninety of Giraut's poems and four of his melodies survive; these were held in high esteem in the 13th century: Petrarch called him "master of the troubadours", while Dante, who preferred Arnaut Daniel, mentions that many considered him superior. Notable pieces include: * S'anc jorn aqui joi e solaz', a ''planh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Planctus
A ''planctus'' (" plaint") is a lament or dirge, a song or poem expressing grief or mourning. It became a popular literary form in the Middle Ages, when they were written in Latin and in the vernacular (e.g., the '' planh'' of the troubadours). The most common ''planctus'' is to mourn the death of a famous person, but a number of other varieties have been identified by Peter Dronke. The earliest known example, the '' Planctus de obitu Karoli'', was composed around 814, on the death of Charlemagne. Other ''planctus'' from the ninth century include vernacular laments in a woman's voice, Germanic songs of exile and journeying, and ''planctus'' on biblical or classical themes (like the Latin ''Planctus cygni'', which is possibly derived from Germanic models). The earliest examples of music for ''planctus'' are found in tenth-century manuscripts associated with the Abbey of Saint Martial of Limoges. From the twelfth century Dronke identifies a growing number of laments of the Virgin Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1199 In Poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). Events 1195: *Folquet de Marselha gives up poetry to take up the religious life 1197: * Salh d'Escola enters a cloister in Bergerac and gives up composing 1198: * Bertran de Born's last datable poem 1199: *Gaucelm Faidit composes a ''planh'' on the death of Richard I of England Works published 1190: * Probable approx. date of ''The Tale of Igor's Campaign'' (Old Ukrainian: , ''Slovo o pŭlku Igorevě'') 1192: * Approx. date of ''Layla and Majnun'' by Nezami Births Death years link to the corresponding " earin poetry" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1190: * Gonzalo de Berceo (died 1264), Spanish poet especially on religious themes * Pietro della Vigna (died 1249), Italian jurist, diplomat, poet, and so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaucelm Faidit
Gaucelm Faidit ( literally "Gaucelm the Dispossessed" c. 1156 – c. 1209) was a troubadour, born in Uzerche, in the Limousin, from a family of knights in service of the count of Turenne. He travelled widely in France, Spain, and Hungary. His known patrons include Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany and Dalfi d'Alvernha; he was at one time in Poitiers at the court of Richard I of England, for whose death he wrote a famous '' planh'' (lament) in 1199. It is possible, but controversial, that Gaucelm took part in the Third Crusade from 1189–1191; it seems clear that in 1202 he set out on the Fourth Crusade, as did his current patron, Boniface of Montferrat. After 1202 there is no further historical trace of him. Three sources – the anonymous '' vida'' (biography) of Gaucelm, an exchange of verses between Gaucelm and Elias d'Ussel, and the satirical '' sirventes'' on rival troubadours by the Monk of Montaudon – allege that Gaucelm married a prostitute. According to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1192 In Poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). Events 1195: *Folquet de Marselha gives up poetry to take up the religious life 1197: * Salh d'Escola enters a cloister in Bergerac and gives up composing 1198: * Bertran de Born's last datable poem 1199: *Gaucelm Faidit composes a ''planh'' on the death of Richard I of England Works published 1190: * Probable approx. date of ''The Tale of Igor's Campaign'' (Old Ukrainian: , ''Slovo o pŭlku Igorevě'') 1192: * Approx. date of ''Layla and Majnun'' by Nezami Births Death years link to the corresponding " earin poetry" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1190: * Gonzalo de Berceo (died 1264), Spanish poet especially on religious themes * Pietro della Vigna (died 1249), Italian jurist, diplomat, poet, and so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raimbaut D'Aurenga
Raimbaut of Orange (c. 1147 – 1173) or, in his native Old Provençal, Raimbaut d'Aurenga, was the lord of Orange and Aumelas. His properties included the towns of Frontignan and Mireval. He was the only son of William of Aumelas and of Tiburge, Countess of Orange, daughter of Raimbaut, count of Orange. After the early death of Raimbaut's father, his guardians were his uncle William VII of Montpellier and his elder sister Tibors. He was a major troubadour, having contributed to the creation of ''trobar ric'', or articulate style, in troubadour poetry. Abouforty of his workssurvive, displaying a gusto for rare rhymes and intricate poetic form. His death in 1173 is mourned in a ''planh'' (lament) by Giraut de Bornelh, and also in the only surviving poem of the trobairitz Azalais de Porcairagues, who was the lover of Raimbaut's cousin Gui Guerrejat. It seems possible that Azalais's poem was composed in an earlier form while Raimbaut was still alive, because in his poem ''A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cercamon
Cercamon (, fl. 1135-1145) was one of the earliest troubadours. His true name and other biographical data are unknown. He was apparently a Gascony-born jester of sorts who spent most of his career in the courts of William X of Aquitaine and perhaps of Eble III of Ventadorn. He was the inventor of the ''planh'' (the Provençal dirge), of the ''tenso'' (a sort of rhymed debate in which two poets write one stanza each) and perhaps of the ''sirventes''. Most of the information about Cercamon's life is nothing but rumour and conjecture; some of his contemporaries credit him as Marcabru's mentor, and some circumstantial evidence points to his dying on crusade as a follower of Louis VII of France. About seven of his lyrics survive, but not a single melody; the works that most contributed to his fame among his contemporaries, his '' pastorelas'' or pastourelles, are lost. ''Cercamon'' means "world searcher" in medieval Occitan Occitan may refer to: * Something of, from, or related ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1180 In Poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). Events 1181: *Bertran de Born's first datable poem, a ''sirventes'' 1183: * Ordering of the Senzai Wakashū, an imperial Japanese poetry anthology * Bertran de Born composed a ''planh'', "Mon chan fenisc ab dol et ab maltraire", on the death of Henry the Young King. Rigaut de Berbezill composed another, "Si tuit li dol e.l plor e.l marrimen", as did Peire Raimon de Tolosa. 1187: * Compilation of the Senzai Wakashū, ordered in 1183 Works published 1180: * Approx. date of ''Khusraw and Shirin'' by Nezami Births Death years link to the corresponding " earin poetry" article. There are conflicting or unreliable sources for the birth years of many people born in this period; where sources conflict, the poet is listed again and the conflict is noted: 1180: * August 6 - Emperor Go-Toba (died 1239), Japanese Emperor, calligrapher, painter, musician, poet, criti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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