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Bertran De Born
Bertran de Born (; 1140s – by 1215) was a baron from the Limousin in France, and one of the major Occitan troubadours of the 12th-13th century. He composed love songs (cansos) but was better known for his political songs (sirventes). He was involved in revolts against Richard I and then Phillip II. He married twice and had five children. In his final years, he became a monk. Early life Bertran de Born was the eldest son of Bertran de Born, lord of Hautefort ( Occitan: ''Autafòrt''), and his wife Ermengardis. He had two younger brothers, Constantine and Itier. His father died in 1178, and Bertran succeeded him as lord of Hautefort. By this time, he was already married to his first wife, Raimonda, and had two sons. Hautefort lies at the border between the Limousin and Périgord. As a result, Bertran became involved in the conflicts of the sons of Henry II Plantagenet. He was also fighting for control of Hautefort. According to the feudal custom of his region, he w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dalon Abbey
Dalon Abbey (; ; ) is a former Cistercian monastery in Sainte-Trie, Dordogne, southwestern France. It is listed as a Monuments historiques, Historic Monument. History Dalon Abbey was founded in 1114 by Gerald of Salles (or Salis) under the Rule of Saint Benedict thanks to donations by Gerald of Lastours and his brother Gouffier of Lastours, Gouffier, who attended the abbey's foundation day alongside Eustorge, the Bishop of Limoges, and several local lords. The successor of Gerald of Salles, the hermit Roger, developed the abbey and established several monasteries and priories (Aubignac Abbey, Aubignac, Bœuil Abbey, Bœuil, Loc-Dieu Abbey, Loc-Dieu, the Palais Notre-Dame, Prébenoît Abbey, Prébenoît), thereby forming the Order of Dalon. In 1142, Dalon was not a Cistercian community, but several other abbeys had already adopted the Cistercian Rule. On that year, Stephen of Obazine, abbot of Obazine Abbey, Obazine, followed the advice of Aymeric, bishop of Clermont, and requeste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry II Of England
Henry II () was King of England The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the form of government used by the United Kingdom by which a hereditary monarch reigns as the head of state, with their powers Constitutional monarchy, regula ... from 1154 until his death in 1189. During his reign he controlled Kingdom of England, England, substantial parts of Wales in the High Middle Ages, Wales and Lordship of Ireland, Ireland, and much of Kingdom of France, France (including Duchy of Normandy, Normandy, County of Anjou, Anjou, and Duchy of Aquitaine, Aquitaine), an area that altogether was later called the Angevin Empire, and also held power over Kingdom of Scotland, Scotland and the Duchy of Brittany. Henry was the eldest son of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, and Empress Matilda, Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England. By the age of fourteen, he became politically and militarily involved in The Anarchy, his mother's efforts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senhal
A ''senhal'' is a codename used to address ladies, patrons and friends in the Old Occitan poetry of the troubadours. Only a minority of persons addressed by ''senhal'' have been identified, the rest being subject to much speculation.Frank M. Chambers"Senhal" in Roland Greene (ed.), ''The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics'', 4th ed. (Princeton University Press, 2017). ''Senhals'' are usually found in the '' tornadas'' of poems. They could be nouns, adjectives or phrases. They were usually expressions of admiration, longing or joy, as in ''Bel vezer'' (beautiful gaze), ''Mon desir'' (my desire) and ''Gen conquis'' (nobly conquered). Occasionally they are humorous or deprecating, as in ''Tort n'avetz'' (you are wrong).Alfred Jeanroy, ''La poésie lyrique des troubadours'' (Slatkine Reprints, 1998 934, pp. 317–320. ''Senhals'' appear in the earliest troubadours works, those of Duke William IX of Aquitaine in the early twelfth century.Fidel Fajardo-Acosta, ''The Poetry of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Plantagenet
The House of Plantagenet (Help:IPA/English, /plænˈtædʒənət/ Help:Pronunciation respelling key, ''plan-TAJ-ə-nət'') was a royal house which originated from the Medieval France, French county of Anjou. The name Plantagenet is used by modern historians to identify four distinct royal houses: the Angevin kings of England, Angevins, who were also counts of Anjou; the main line of the Plantagenets following the loss of Anjou; and the Houses of House of Lancaster, Lancaster and House of York, York, two of the Plantagenets’ Cadet branch, cadet branches. The family held the English throne from 1154, with the accession of Henry II of England, Henry II, until 1485, when Richard III of England, Richard III died in battle. England was transformed under the Plantagenets, although only partly intentionally. The Plantagenet kings were often forced to negotiate compromises such as Magna Carta, which constrained royal power in return for financial and military support. The king was no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mercenary
A mercenary is a private individual who joins an armed conflict for personal profit, is otherwise an outsider to the conflict, and is not a member of any other official military. Mercenaries fight for money or other forms of payment rather than for political interests. Beginning in the 20th century, mercenaries have increasingly come to be seen as less entitled to protection by rules of war than non-mercenaries. The Geneva Conventions declare that mercenaries are not recognized as legitimate combatants and do not have to be granted the same legal protections as captured service personnel of the armed forces. In practice, whether or not a person is a mercenary may be a matter of degree, as financial and political interests may overlap. International and national laws of war Protocol Additional GC 1977 (APGC77) is a 1977 amendment protocol to the Geneva Conventions. Article 47 of the protocol provides the most widely accepted international definition of a mercenary, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfonso II Of Aragon
Alfonso II (1–25 March 1157Benito Vicente de Cuéllar (1995)«Los "condes-reyes" de Barcelona y la "adquisición" del reino de Aragón por la dinastía bellónida» p. 630-631; in ''Hidalguía''. XLIII (252) pp. 619–632."Alfonso II el Casto, hijo de Petronila y Ramón Berenguer IV, nació en Huesca en 1157;". ''Cfr''. Josefina Mateu Ibars, María Dolores Mateu Ibars (1980)''Colectánea paleográfica de la Corona de Aragon: Siglo IX-XVIII'' Universitat Barcelona, p. 546. , .Antonio Ubieto Arteta (1987)''Historia de Aragón. Creación y desarrollo de la Corona de Aragón'' Zaragoza: Anúbarpp. 177–184§ "El nacimiento y nombre de Alfonso II de Aragón". . – 25 April 1196), called the Chaste or the Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and, as Alfons I, the Count of Barcelona from 1164 until his death. The eldest son of Count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Queen Petronilla of Aragon, he was the first King of Aragon who was also Count of Barcelona. He was also Count of Prov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rigaut De Berbezill
Rigaut de Berbezilh (also Berbezill or Barbesiu; , ) was a troubadour (fl. 1140–1163Aubrey, 8.Gaunt and Kay, 290.) of the petty nobility of Saintonge. He was a great influence on the Sicilian School and is quoted in the ''Roman de la Rose''. About fifteen of his poems survive, including one ''planh'' and nine or ten ''cansos''. His name is sometimes given as Richart or Richartz. Life While the dates of his life are disputed, some maintaining a later career (c. 1170–1215), the general consensus is that he was an early troubadour. ''Vida'' According to his '' vida'', the reliability of which is highly doubtful, he was a poor knight from the castle of Barbezieux near Cognac in the diocese of Saintes.Egan, 99. He was described as capable and handsome, but ''saup mielhs trobar qu'entendre ni que dire'': "he knew better how to compose poetry than to listen to it or recite it." He was reputed by the author of the ''vida'' to be timid, especially in the company of noblemen, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Planh
A genre of the troubadours, the or (; "lament") is a funeral lament for "a great personage, a protector, a friend or relative, or a lady."Elisabeth Schulze-Busacker, "Topoi", in F. R. P. Akehurst and Judith M. Davis, eds., ''A Handbook of the Troubadours'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), pp. 421–440. Its main elements are expression of grief, praise of the deceased (eulogy) and prayer for his or her soul.Patricia Harris Stäblein, "New Views on an Old Problem: The Dynamics of Death in the ", ''Romance Philology'' 35, 1 (1981): 223–234. It is descended from the medieval Latin .William D. Paden, "Planh/Complainte", in W. W. Kibler and G. A. Zinn, eds., ''Medieval France: An Encyclopedia'' (New York: Garland, 1995), pp. 1400–1401. The is similar to the in that both were typically contrafacta. They made use of existing melodies, often imitating the original song even down to the rhymes. The most famous of all, however, Gaucelm Faidit's lament on the death ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martel, Lot
Martel is a commune in the Lot department in southwestern France. It is a small medieval town in a region well known for its walnuts and truffles. It is a member of Les Plus Beaux Villages de France (The Most Beautiful Villages of France) Association. History The town's name means "hammer", and three of these are to be seen on the town's coat of arms. Charles Martel, who earned the nickname "hammer" after his victory in the Battle of Tours in 732, is said to have founded the town. It is more likely to have been established as an urban centre by Rodulphe, first Viscount of Turenne, without a castle or abbey. Henry the Young King died here in 1183. He had sought refuge there after revolting against his father, Henry II of England, and ransacking local monasteries including Rocamadour. He died after confessing his sins, on a bed of hot ashes and a heavy crucifix on his chest. In 1219, the town received its charter and was a fiefdom of the Viscounts of Turenne. It was exempt fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limoges
Limoges ( , , ; , locally ) is a city and Communes of France, commune, and the prefecture of the Haute-Vienne Departments of France, department in west-central France. It was the administrative capital of the former Limousin region. Situated on the first western foothills of the Massif Central, Limoges is crossed by the river Vienne (river), Vienne, of which it was originally the first ford crossing point. The second most populated town in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine, New Aquitaine region after Bordeaux, a University of Limoges, university town, an administrative centre and intermediate services with all the facilities of a regional metropolis, it has an urban area of 323,789 inhabitants in 2018. The inhabitants of the city are called the Limougeauds. Founded around 10 BC under the name of Augustoritum, it became an important Gallo-Roman culture, Gallo-Roman city. During the Middle Ages Limoges became a large city, strongly marked by the cultural influence of the Abbey of Saint Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aimar V Of Limoges
Aimar V(c. 1135 – c. 1199) was a Viscount of Limoges and a nobleman in the Duchy of Aquitaine. Life Born in Limoges around 1135, his family named him Boson; he later adopted the traditional name for the previous viscounts, Aimar. He was orphaned at a young age in 1148, and raised by his relatives among the southern French aristocracy. Due to the strategic importance of the city of Limoges and the nearby dependent ''castrum'' of Aixe-sur-Vienne, Aimar was a ward of King Henry II and ruled from 1148 to approximately 1184, when he was exiled to France and was succeeded by his son Guy. Rebellion Aimar is best known for his frequent rebellions against his Plantagenet overlord, Richard the Lionheart, who was Duke of Aquitaine after his mother Eleanor Eleanor () is a feminine given name, originally from an Old French adaptation of the Old Provençal name ''Aliénor''. It was the name of a number of women of royalty and nobility in western Europe during the High Middle Ages" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquitaine
Aquitaine (, ; ; ; ; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Aguiéne''), archaic Guyenne or Guienne (), is a historical region of southwestern France and a former Regions of France, administrative region. Since 1 January 2016 it has been part of the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is situated in the southwest corner of metropolitan France, along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain; for most of its Recorded history, written history Bordeaux has been a vital port and administrative centre. It is composed of the five Departments of France, departments of Dordogne, Lot-et-Garonne, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Landes (department), Landes and Gironde. Gallia Aquitania was established by the Romans in ancient times and in the Middle Ages, Duchy of Aquitaine, Aquitaine was a kingdom and a duchy, whose boundaries fluctuated considerably. History Ancient history There are traces of human settlement by prehistoric peoples, especially in the Périgord, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
