Nephroscope
A nephroscopy is an endoscopic examination of the kidney. During the operation the surgeon passes a thin telescope (the nephroscope) into the kidney's drainage tubes through a key-hole puncture in the skin, letting them see, break up and take out kidney stone, stones that are blocking urine. History The first reported attempt at percutaneous renal access was made by the London physician Thomas Hillier in 1865, when he repeatedly drained a hydronephrotic kidney in a child through the loin, hoping to create a permanent fistula; the concept did not gain acceptance at the time. Modern practice dates from 1941, when Rupel and Brown slid a rigid Cystoscopy, cystoscope through a surgically made tunnel into the kidney and took out a stone while watching it directly. In 1955 the radiologist Willard Goodwin performed the first radiologically guided antegrade nephrostogram and left a drainage tube ''in situ'', establishing the principle of the percutaneous nephrostomy. The first true percu ...
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