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Interleukin Receptor
Interleukin receptors are a family of cytokine receptors for interleukins. They belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Types There are two main families of Interleukin receptors, Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 Type 1 interleukin receptors include: * Interleukin-1 receptor * Interleukin-2 receptor * Interleukin-3 receptor * Interleukin-4 receptor * Interleukin-5 receptor * Interleukin-6 receptor * Interleukin-7 receptor * Interleukin-9 receptor * Interleukin-11 receptor * Interleukin-12 receptor * Interleukin-13 receptor * Interleukin-15 receptor * Interleukin-18 receptor * Interleukin-21 receptor * Interleukin-23 receptor * Interleukin-27 receptor Type 2 Type 2 interleukin receptors are Type II cytokine receptors. They include: * Interleukin-10 receptor * Interleukin-20 receptor * Interleukin-22 receptor * Interleukin-28 receptor Other * Interleukin-8 receptor, RANTES receptors (CCR1, CCR3, CCR5), MIP-1 receptor, PF4 receptor, M-CSF receptor and NAP-2 receptor bel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytokine
Cytokines () are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling. Cytokines are produced by a broad range of cells, including immune cells like macrophages, B cell, B lymphocytes, T cell, T lymphocytes and mast cells, as well as Endothelium, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and various stromal cells; a given cytokine may be produced by more than one type of cell. Due to their size, cytokines cannot cross the lipid bilayer of cells to enter the cytoplasm and therefore typically exert their functions by interacting with specific cytokine receptor, cytokine receptors on the target cell surface. Cytokines are especially important in the immune system; cytokines modulate the balance between humoral immunity, humoral and cell-mediated immunity, cell-based immune responses, and they regulate the maturation, growth, and responsiveness of particular cell populations. Some cytokines enhance or inhibit the action of other cytokines in complex way ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interleukin-18 Receptor
The interleukin-18 receptor (IL-18R) is an interleukin receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Endometrial IL-18 receptor mRNA and the ratio of IL-18 binding protein to interleukin 18 are significantly increased in adenomyosis Adenomyosis is a medical condition characterized by the growth of cells that proliferate on the inside of the uterus (endometrium) atypically located among the cells of the uterine wall (myometrium), as a result, thickening of the uterus occurs. ... patients in comparison to normal people, indicating a role in its pathogenesis. References External links * Clusters of differentiation Immunoglobulin superfamily cytokine receptors {{membrane-protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor
Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (M-CSFR), and CD115 (Cluster of Differentiation 115), is a cell-surface protein encoded by the human ''CSF1R'' gene (known also as c-FMS). CSF1R is a Immune receptor, receptor that can be activated by two ligands: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) and Interleukin 34, interleukin-34 (IL-34). CSF1R is highly expressed in Myeloid tissue, myeloid cells, and CSF1R signaling is necessary for the Cell survival, survival, Cell proliferation, proliferation, and Cell differentiation, differentiation of many myeloid cell types ''in vivo'' and ''in vitro.'' CSF1R signaling is involved in many diseases and is targeted in therapies for cancer, neurodegeneration, and Bone disease, inflammatory bone diseases. Gene In the human genome, the ''CSF1R'' gene is located on chromosome 5 (5q32), and in mice the ''Csf1r'' gene is located on chromosome 18 (18D). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CXCR4
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4) also known as fusin or CD184 (cluster of differentiation 184) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CXCR4'' gene. The protein is a CXC chemokine receptor. Function CXCR-4 is an alpha- chemokine receptor specific for stromal-derived-factor-1 ( SDF-1 also called CXCL12), a molecule endowed with potent chemotactic activity for lymphocytes. CXCR4 is one of several chemokine co-receptors that HIV can use to infect CD4+ T cells. HIV isolates that use CXCR4 are traditionally known as T-cell tropic isolates. Typically, these viruses are found late in infection. It is unclear as to whether the emergence of CXCR4-using HIV is a consequence or a cause of immunodeficiency. CXCR4 is upregulated during the implantation window in natural and hormone replacement therapy cycles in the endometrium, producing, in presence of a human blastocyst, a surface polarization of the CXCR4 receptors suggesting that this receptor is implicated in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CCR5
C-C chemokine receptor type 5, also known as CCR5 or CD195, is a protein on the surface of white blood cells that is involved in the immune system as it acts as a receptor for chemokines. In humans, the ''CCR5'' gene that encodes the CCR5 protein is located on the short (p) arm at position 21 on chromosome 3. Certain populations have inherited the ''Delta 32'' mutation, resulting in the genetic deletion of a portion of the CCR5 gene. Homozygous carriers of this mutation are resistant to infection by macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) strains of HIV-1. Tissue distribution CCR5 is predominantly expressed on T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, microglia and a subpopulation of either breast or prostate cancer cells. The expression of CCR5 is selectively induced during the cancer transformation process and is not expressed in normal breast or prostate epithelial cells. Approximately 50% of human breast cancer expressed CCR5, primarily in triple negative brea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CCR3 (gene)
C-C chemokine receptor type 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CCR3'' gene. CCR3 has also recently been designated CD193 ( cluster of differentiation 193). Function The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for C-C type chemokines. It belongs to family 1 of the G protein-coupled receptors. This receptor binds and responds to a variety of chemokines, including eotaxin ( CCL11), eotaxin-3 ( CCL26), MCP-3 ( CCL7), MCP-4 ( CCL13), and RANTES ( CCL5). It is highly expressed in eosinophils and basophils, and is also detected in TH1 and TH2 cells, as well as in airway epithelial cells. This receptor may contribute to the accumulation and activation of eosinophils and other inflammatory cells in the allergic airway, and possibly at sites of parasitic infection. It is also known to be an entry co-receptor for HIV-1, enabling viral infection in cells that also express CD4 In molecular biology, CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein that serves a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CCR1
C-C chemokine receptor type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CCR1'' gene. CCR1 has also recently been designated CD191 (cluster of differentiation 191). Function This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which belongs to G protein-coupled receptors. The ligands of this receptor include CCL3 (or MIP-1 alpha), CCL5 (or RANTES), CCL7 (or MCP-3), and CCL23 (or MPIF-1). Chemokines and their receptors, which mediate signal transduction, are critical for the recruitment of effector immune cells to the site of inflammation. Knockout studies of the mouse homolog suggested the roles of this gene in host protection from inflammatory response, and susceptibility to virus and parasite. This gene and other chemokine receptor genes, including CCR2, CCRL2, CCR3, CCR5 C-C chemokine receptor type 5, also known as CCR5 or CD195, is a protein on the surface of white blood cells that is involved in the immune system as it acts as a receptor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interleukin-8 Receptor
The interleukin-8 receptors (IL-8R) are two G protein–coupled receptor, 7-transmembrane proteins in the G protein–coupled receptor, G-protein coupled-receptor family: interleukin-8 receptor A (IL-8RA) and interleukin-8 receptor B (IL-8RB). These receptors are generally found on human neutrophils, a type of white blood cell of the myeloid lineage, with approximately 65,000 receptors per neutrophil. Both receptors have a size of 60kDa, are Glycosylation, glycosylated (contains covalent attachments and modifications) and G protein–coupled receptor, G-protein linked, and can cause an increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels. Binding of Interleukin 8 leads to activation of the cell (commonly a neutrophil), allowing it to recruit more white blood cells to the site of Interleukin 8 release and to produce enzymes that would assist in the destruction of foreign material at the site of infection Structure IL-8 receptors are 7-transmembrane proteins; they contain 7 Alpha helix, alpha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interleukin-28 Receptor
Interleukin-28 receptor is a type II cytokine receptor found largely in epithelial cells. It binds type 3 interferons, interleukin-28 A (Interferon lambda 1), Interleukin-28B (Interferon lambda 2), interleukin 29 (Interferon lambda 3) and interferon lambda 4. It consists of an α chain and shares a common β subunit with the interleukin-10 receptor. Binding to the interleukin-28 receptor, which is restricted to select cell types, is important for fighting infection. Binding of the type 3 interferons to the receptor results in activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Structure The interleukin 28 receptor consists of an interleukin-28R alpha chain (IL-28RA) and another receptor, the beta subunit of the Interleukin-10 receptor ( IL-10R2). IL-10R2 is part of the receptor for other cytokines such as IL-10, IL-22, IL-26, and IL-20. The IL-28Ra chain is a part of the cytokine receptor family 2. The IL-28Ra chain is important for recognition and ligand specificity, while ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interleukin-22 Receptor
Interleukin-22 receptor is a type II cytokine receptor Type II cytokine receptors, also commonly known as class II cytokine receptors, are transmembrane proteins that are expressed on the surface of certain cells. They bind and respond to a select group of cytokines including interferon type I, i .... It binds to Interleukin-22. It is a heterodimer of α1 and IL-10Rβ2 subunits. References External links * Type II cytokine receptors {{membrane-protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interleukin-20 Receptor
Interleukin 20 receptors (IL20R) belong to the IL-10 family. IL20R are involved in both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune response. There are two types of IL20R: Type I and Type II. IL20R is found in many organ resident effector cells such as keratinocytes at the skin epidermis, osteoclasts, found in bones, and epithelial cells of the intestine and trachea. IL20R alpha and beta subunits have also been found in some immune cells. IL20R is implicated in diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and glaucoma. Structure and function There are two types of IL20R: Type I, made up of the IL-20 receptor alpha subunit and beta subunit, and Type II, made up of the IL-22 receptor and IL-20 receptor beta subunit. Both types of receptor bind the cytokines IL-20, IL-24. Type 1 also binds cytokine IL-19. Signaling IL20R signalling happens through the JAK-STAT pathway. When an IL-20 subfamily cytokine binds IL20R, JAK's linked to intracellular domains of IL20R a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interleukin-10 Receptor
Interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) is a type II cytokine receptor. The receptor is tetrameric, composed of 2 α and 2 β subunits. The α subunit (encoded in the ''Il10ra gene)'' is expressed on haematopoietic cells (such as T, B, NK, mast, and dendritic cells) whilst the β subunit (encoded in the ''Il10rb gene'') is expressed ubiquitously. The α subunit is exclusive to interleukin-10, however the β subunit is shared with other type II cytokine receptors such as IL-22R, IL-26R and INFλR. The IL-10R α subunit acts as the ligand binding site and may be upregulated in various cell types as necessary. The IL-10R β functions as the signaling subunit and is constitutively expressed in a majority of cell types. There is evidence that upon ligand binding at the α subunit, a conformational change occurs in the β subunit that allows it to additionally bind to IL-10. This structure forms a heterotetramer that leads to the signaling complex activation of JAK1 and TYK2 kinase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
