Interleukin receptors are a family of
cytokine
Cytokines () are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–25 kDa) important in cell signaling.
Cytokines are produced by a broad range of cells, including immune cells like macrophages, B cell, B lymphocytes, T cell, T lymphocytes ...
receptors for
interleukin
Interleukins (ILs) are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins and signal molecules) that are expressed and secreted by white blood cells (leukocytes) as well as some other body cells. The human genome encodes more than 50 interleukins and related ...
s. They belong to the
immunoglobulin superfamily
The immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) is a large protein superfamily of cell surface and soluble proteins that are involved in the recognition, binding, or adhesion processes of cells. Molecules are categorized as members of this superfamily ...
.
Types
There are two main families of Interleukin receptors,
Type 1 and
Type 2.
Type 1
Type 1 interleukin receptors include:
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Interleukin-1 receptor
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Interleukin-2 receptor
The interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) is a heterotrimeric protein expressed on the surface of certain immune cells, such as lymphocytes, that binds and responds to a cytokine called IL-2.
Composition
IL-2 binds to the IL-2 receptor, which has ...
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Interleukin-3 receptor
The interleukin-3 receptor ( CD123) is a molecule found on cells which helps transmit the signal of interleukin-3, a soluble cytokine important in the immune system.
The gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings. The Mendelian gen ...
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Interleukin-4 receptor
The interleukin 4 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor. It is a heterodimer, that is, composed of two subunits. IL4R is the human gene coding for IL-4Rα, the subunit which combines with either common gamma chain (γc, forming the type I ...
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Interleukin-5 receptor
The interleukin-5 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor. It is a heterodimer of the interleukin 5 receptor alpha subunit and CSF2RB.
The IL-5 receptor (IL-5R) belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family and is a heterodimer composed of tw ...
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Interleukin-6 receptor
Interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R) also known as CD126 (Cluster of Differentiation 126) is a type I cytokine receptor.
Function
Interleukin 6 (IL6) is a potent pleiotropic cytokine that regulates cell growth and differentiation and plays an impor ...
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Interleukin-7 receptor
The interleukin-7 receptor is a protein found on the surface of cells. It is made up of two different smaller protein chains - i.e. it is a heterodimer, and consists of two subunits, interleukin-7 receptor-α ( CD127) and common-γ chain re ...
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Interleukin-9 receptor
Interleukin 9 receptor (IL9R) also known as CD129 (Cluster of Differentiation 129) is a type I cytokine receptor. IL9R also denotes its human gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine receptor that specifically mediates the biological ...
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Interleukin-11 receptor
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Interleukin-12 receptor
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Interleukin-13 receptor
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Interleukin-15 receptor
Interleukin-15 receptor is a type I cytokine receptor, binding interleukin-15.
Structure
The IL-15 receptor is composed of the IL-2Rβ and γc subunits, along with a unique ligand-specific subunit, IL-15Rα, which bears homology to IL-2R ...
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Interleukin-18 receptor
The interleukin-18 receptor (IL-18R) is an interleukin receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily.
Endometrial IL-18 receptor mRNA and the ratio of IL-18 binding protein to interleukin 18 are significantly increased in adenomyosis
Adenomyos ...
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Interleukin-21 receptor
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Interleukin-23 receptor
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Interleukin-27 receptor
Type 2
Type 2 interleukin receptors are
Type II cytokine receptors. They include:
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Interleukin-10 receptor
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Interleukin-20 receptor
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Interleukin-22 receptor
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Interleukin-28 receptor
Other
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Interleukin-8 receptor, RANTES receptors (
CCR1
C-C chemokine receptor type 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CCR1'' gene.
CCR1 has also recently been designated CD191 (cluster of differentiation 191).
Function
This gene encodes a member of the beta chemokine receptor fam ...
,
CCR3,
CCR5
C-C chemokine receptor type 5, also known as CCR5 or CD195, is a protein on the surface of white blood cells that is involved in the immune system as it acts as a receptor for chemokines.
In humans, the ''CCR5'' gene that encodes the CCR5 p ...
),
MIP-1 receptor,
PF4 receptor,
M-CSF receptor and
NAP-2 receptor belong to
GPCR
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily related ...
chemokine receptor
Chemokine receptors are cytokine receptors found on the surface of certain cells that interact with a type of cytokine called a chemokine. There have been 20 distinct chemokine receptors discovered in humans. Each has a rhodopsin-like 7-tran ...
family.
References
External links
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Immunology
Single-pass transmembrane proteins
{{membrane-protein-stub