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Heterosteidae
Heterosteidae (also known as Heterostiidae) is an extinct family of moderately large to giant, flattened, benthic arthrodire placoderms with distinctive, flattened, triangular skulls that are extremely broad posteriorly, but become very narrow anteriorly. Heterosteidae belongs to the superfamily SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ... Dunkleosteoidea, a relative of the giant '' Dunkleosteus'', as shown in the cladogram below: Genera '' Herasmius'' Orvig, 1969 '' Heterosteus'' Asmuss, 1856 '' Yinostius'' J. Wang & N. Wang, 1984 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q15259423 Arthrodires Placoderm families Early Devonian first appearances Middle Devonian extinctions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herasmius
''Herasmius'' is an extinct genus of heterosteid placoderm from the Devonian period. Fossils have been discovered freshwater deposits in Norway and Canada. Description The type species ''Herasmius granulatus'' was discovered in early Eifelian-aged freshwater deposits from the Wood Bay Group on the island of Spitsbergen in the Svalbard archipelago of Norway, and was described in 1966 by Orvig based on an incomplete skull. It was placed in the family Heterostiidae along with the genus '' Heterosteus''. ''Herasmius'' is smaller than ''Heterosteus'', and also differs by having a comparatively broader, shorter skull. A second species, ''Herasmius dayi'', was described in 2017 by Schultze & Cumbaa, found in Lower Devonian marine deposits of the Bear Rock Formation along the Anderson River of Northwest Territories, Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterosteus
''Heterosteus'' (also known as ''Heterostius'') is an extinct genus of heterosteid placoderm of the Middle Devonian known from remains discovered in Europe and Greenland. Name ''Heterosteus'' was originally described in 1837 as species of '' Trionyx'', a softshelled turtle. Also in later studies it was often misidentified and given names like ''Ichthyosauroides'', '' Asterolepis asmussi'' and ''Chelonichthys asmusii''. Even in recent studies, it is controversial as to whether to use genus name ''Heterosteus'' or ''Heterostius''. According to International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, suffix ‘-ostius’ in scientific name should not be corrected as ‘-osteus’, so some study uses genus name ''Heterostius''. Description This genus includes the largest species in the family, and are among the largest arthrodires, as well, with the type species, ''H. asmussi'', having an estimated body length of up to . The genus differs from ''Herasmius'' by having the orbits on slight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yinostius
''Yinostius'' is an extinct genus of heterosteid placoderm of the Middle Devonian known from remains discovered in China. Description This genus is known from Emsian-aged specimens from the Wuding region of Yunnan, China. In overall anatomy, it is extremely similar to the European genera, though it differs from them in its slightly smaller size, the shape of its nuchal plate, and in various body proportions. Phylogeny ''Yinostius'' is a member of the family Heterosteidae, which belongs to the superfamily SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ... Dunkleosteoidea. It is a relative of the giant '' Dunkleosteus'', as shown in the cladogram below: References Arthrodires Placoderm families Early Devonian first appearances Early Devonian extinctions {{plac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heterosteus Ingens
''Heterosteus'' (also known as ''Heterostius'') is an extinct genus of heterosteid placoderm of the Middle Devonian known from remains discovered in Europe and Greenland. Name ''Heterosteus'' was originally described in 1837 as species of '' Trionyx'', a softshelled turtle. Also in later studies it was often misidentified and given names like ''Ichthyosauroides'', '' Asterolepis asmussi'' and ''Chelonichthys asmusii''. Even in recent studies, it is controversial as to whether to use genus name ''Heterosteus'' or ''Heterostius''. According to International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, suffix ‘-ostius’ in scientific name should not be corrected as ‘-osteus’, so some study uses genus name ''Heterostius''. Description This genus includes the largest species in the family, and are among the largest arthrodires, as well, with the type species, ''H. asmussi'', having an estimated body length of up to . The genus differs from ''Herasmius'' by having the orbits on slight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunkleosteoidea
Dunkleosteoidea is an extinct superfamily of arthrodire placoderms that lived during the Devonian period. The gigantic apex predator '' Dunkleosteus terrelli'' is the best known member of this group. Phylogeny Eubrachythoraci is divided into the clades Coccosteomorphi and Pachyosteomorphi, the latter of which can be further sub-divided into Aspinothoracidi and Dunkleosteoidea. Dunkleosteoidea was then considered to consist of the two sister families Dunkleosteidae and Panxiosteidae. However, the 2016 Zhu ''et al.'' phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ... study using a larger morphological dataset recovered Panxiosteidae well outside of Dunkleosteoidea, leaving the status of Dunkleosteidae as a clade grouping separate from Dunkleosteoidea in doubt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devonian
The Devonian ( ) is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic era, spanning 60.3 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya. It is named after Devon, England, where rocks from this period were first studied. The first significant adaptive radiation of life on dry land occurred during the Devonian. Free-sporing vascular plants began to spread across dry land, forming extensive forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the first seed-bearing plants appeared. The arthropod groups of myriapods, arachnids and hexapods also became well-established early in this period, after starting their expansion to land at least from the Ordovician period. Fish reached substantial diversity during this time, leading the Devonian to often be dubbed the Age of Fishes. The placoderms began domina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastmanosteus Pustulosus
''Eastmanosteus'' ("Eastman's bone") is a fossil genus of dunkleosteid placoderms. It was closely related to the giant ''Dunkleosteus'', but differed from that genus in size, in possessing a distinctive tuberculated bone ornament, a differently shaped nuchal plate and a more zig-zagging course of the sutures of the skull roof.http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/200812/W020090813371138329343.pdf Species of ''Eastmanosteus'' had powerful jaws with sharp cutting edges and were likely active predators. Fossils have been found in many parts of the world in marine sediments dating from the Middle to Late Devonian. They were medium-to-large fish, with specimens ''E. pustulosus'' and ''E. licharevi'' approaching a total length of 3 metres. Complete exoskeletons with soft-tissue traces of ''E. calliaspis'' from Australia make this one of the best known dunkleosteids. Phylogeny ''Eastmanosteus'' and its relative ''Dunkleosteus'' belong to the family Dunkleosteidae. The phylogeny of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthrodires
Arthrodira (Greek for "jointed neck") is an order of extinct armored, jawed fishes of the class Placodermi that flourished in the Devonian period before their sudden extinction, surviving for about 50 million years and penetrating most marine ecological niches. Arthrodires were the largest and most diverse of all groups of Placoderms. Description Arthrodire placoderms are notable for the movable joint between armor surrounding their heads and bodies. Like all placoderms, they lacked distinct teeth; instead, they used the sharpened edges of a bony plate on their jawbone as a biting surface. The eye sockets are protected by a bony ring, a feature shared by birds and some ichthyosaurs. Early arthrodires, such as the genus '' Arctolepis'', were well-armoured fishes with flattened bodies. The largest member of this group, '' Dunkleosteus'', was a true superpredator of the latest Devonian period, reaching as much as 6 m in length. In contrast, the long-nosed '' Rolfosteus'' measured j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dunkleosteus Amblyodoratus
''Dunkleosteus'' is an extinct genus of large armored, jawed fishes that existed during the Late Devonian period, about 382–358 million years ago. It consists of ten species, some of which are among the largest placoderms to have ever lived: ''D. terrelli'', ''D. belgicus'', ''D. denisoni'', ''D. marsaisi'', ''D. magnificus'', ''D. missouriensis'', ''D. newberryi'', ''D. amblyodoratus'', and ''D. raveri''. The largest and most well known species is ''D. terrelli'', which grew up to long and in weight. ''Dunkleosteus'' could quickly open and close its jaw, like modern-day suction feeders, and had a bite force of at the tip and at the blade edge. Numerous fossils of the various species have been found in North America, Poland, Belgium, and Morocco. Etymology ''Dunkleosteus'' was named in 1956 to honour David Dunkle (1911–1982), former curator of vertebrate paleontology at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. The genus name ''Dunkleosteus'' combines David Dunkle's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
