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Guizi
''Guizi'' ( zh, c=鬼子, p=guǐzi, l=devil) is a pejorative Chinese slang term referring to foreigners, with a history of xenophobic connotations. History Starting with the arrival of European sailors in the sixteenth century, foreigners were often perceived in China as "uncivilized tribes given to mayhem and destruction". In the southern parts of China, the term '' gweilo'' () was used; this term remains popular today in the Cantonese-speaking regions of China. In northern parts, the term 'western devil' ( ) was used. Use The character ''gui'' () can have negative connotations itself without the ''zi'' () suffix. For example, when it was attached to the Westerners in the term ''yang guizi'' ( 'overseas devils') during the Boxer Rebellion, to the Japanese military in the term ''guizi bing'' ( 'devil soldiers') during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and to the Korean collaborators with the term ''er guizi'' ( 'second-rank devil'). It can also be used as an adjective to expres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
鬼子
''Guizi'' ( zh, c=wikt:鬼子, 鬼子, p=guǐzi, l=devil) is a pejorative Chinese language, Chinese slang term referring to foreigners, with a history of xenophobic connotations. History Starting with the arrival of European sailors in the sixteenth century, foreigners were often perceived in China as "uncivilized tribes given to mayhem and destruction". In the southern parts of China, the term ''gweilo'' () was used; this term remains popular today in the Cantonese-speaking regions of China. In northern parts, the term 'western devil' ( ) was used. Use The character ''gui'' () can have negative connotations itself without the ''zi'' () suffix. For example, when it was attached to the Westerners in the term ''yang guizi'' ( 'overseas devils') during the Boxer Rebellion, to the Japanese military in the term ''guizi bing'' ( 'devil soldiers') during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and to the Korean collaborators with the term ''er guizi'' ( 'second-rank devil'). It can also be u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gweilo
''Gweilo'' or (, pronounced ) is a common Cantonese slang term for Westerners. The term can be literally translated as "ghost man" and has a history of racially deprecatory and pejorative use, though its modern usage is often in a general and non-derogatory context. The appropriateness of the term and whether it constitutes as an offensive ethnic slur are disputed among both Cantonese speakers and Westerners. Etymology and history ''Gwái'' (, ''gui'' in Mandarin) means "ghost" or "devil", and ''lóu'' () means "man" or "guy". The literal translation of ''gwáilóu'' would thus be "ghost man" or "devil man". It is sometimes translated into English as "foreign devil". In many Sinitic languages, "鬼" gwai and its local equivalents can be a derogatory term used as a curse or an insult. The term ''鬼'' gwai has also been used to describe other ethnic groups, for example, a 17th-century writer from Canton, , wrote that Africans "look like ghosts", and ''gwáinòuh'' () was onc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanjian
In China, the word ''hanjian'' () is a pejorative term for those seen as traitors to the Chinese state and, to a lesser extent, Han Chinese ethnicity. The word ''hanjian'' is distinct from the general word for traitor, which could be used for any country or ethnicity. As a Chinese term, it is a digraph of the Chinese characters for "Han" and "traitor". ''Han'' is the majority ethnic group in China; and ''Jian'', in Chinese legal language, primarily referred to illicit sex. Implied by this term was a Han Chinese carrying on an illicit relationship with the enemy. ''Hanjian'' is often worded as "collaborator" in the West. History The term ''hanjian'' is one that emerged from a “conflation of political and ethnic identities, which was often blurred in the expression of Chinese nationalism.” It was/is applied to individuals who are designated collaborators and by which were not all ethnically Han. The modern usage of the term stems from the Second Sino-Japanese War in which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hinomoto Oniko
is a Japanese moe character created in 2010 which originated from the Breaking News (VIP) Board on 2channel, and has since become an internet meme within various forums and imageboards in Japan. The character is a moe anthropomorphism of the phrase "日本鬼子", a commonly used Chinese ethnic slur against people of Japanese descent. Backgrounds The character was originally conceived by users on a 2ch board as a satire of the aforementioned Chinese racial term. In China, the term Riben guizi "日本鬼子" () is a phrase used since World War II, and still used today, as a disparaging epithet against the Japanese. Japanese netizens chose to transform the normally racist and offensive phrase into a character which could be depicted as "cute" or ''moe'', in an expression that the negative connotations behind the slur can be reversed. The creation of the character in 2010 follows the escalation of the Senkaku Islands dispute as a result of the fishing trawler collision incident ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moe Anthropomorphism
is a form of anthropomorphism in anime, manga, and games where '' moe'' qualities are given to non-human beings (such as animals, plants, supernatural entities and fantastical creatures), objects, concepts, or phenomena. In addition to ''moe'' features, ''moe'' anthropomorphs are also characterized by their accessories, which serve to emphasize their original forms before anthropomorphosis. The characters here, usually in a kind of cosplay, are drawn to represent an inanimate object or popular consumer product. Part of the humor of this personification comes from the personality ascribed to the character (often satirical) and the sheer arbitrariness of characterizing a variety of machines, objects, and even physical places as cute. This form of anthropomorphism is very common in '' otaku'' subcultures. With the exception of ''kemonomimi'' (which are human-like characters that have animal features), many ''moe'' anthropomorphizations started as '' dōjin'' efforts. An early for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was fought between the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China and the Empire of Japan between 1937 and 1945, following a period of war localized to Manchuria that started in 1931. It is considered part of World War II, and often regarded as the beginning of World WarII in Asia. It was the largest Asian war in the 20th century and has been described as The Asian Holocaust, in reference to the scale of Japanese war crimes against Chinese civilians. It is known in China as the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. On 18 September 1931, the Japanese staged the Mukden incident, a false flag event fabricated to justify their Japanese invasion of Manchuria, invasion of Manchuria and establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo. This is sometimes marked as the beginning of the war. From 1931 to 1937, China and Japan engaged in skirmishes, including January 28 incident, in Shanghai and in Northern China. Chinese Nationalist and C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parapolice
Parapolice are law enforcement officers or intelligence agents considered "beyond", "ancillary" or "subsidiary" to the regular police force. The term has been used in criminology to refer to private security with an explicit relationship to public police forces. Parapolice organizations are generally considered legally sanctioned bodies acting either beyond or in addition to the duties and responsibilities normally attributed to the public or state police. Parapolice organizations, therefore, can include all private security companies, auxiliary or adjunct police services, or other legal albeit politically motivated intimidation squads acting either at the behest or with the acquiescence of government and/or power elites. Geographic variation The term seems to have developed slightly different normative meanings in northern versus southern and developing nations. In northern, democratic nations, parapolicing has acquired a critical connotation largely attached to an aggressive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kun'yomi
is the way of reading kanji characters using the native Japanese word that matches the meaning of the Chinese character when it was introduced. This pronunciation is contrasted with ''on'yomi'', which is the reading based on the original Chinese pronunciation of the character. Generally, ''kun'yomi'' readings are used for simple, singular words, including most verbs, while ''on'yomi'' readings are used for compound, technical words. Characteristics ''Kun'yomi'' are characterized by the strict (C)V syllable structure of Japanese words (''yamato kotoba''). Most noun or adjective ''kun'yomi'' are two to three syllables long, while verb ''kun'yomi'' are usually between one and three syllables in length, not counting trailing hiragana called '' okurigana''. ''Okurigana'' are not considered to be part of the internal reading of the character, although they are part of the reading of the word. A beginner in the language will rarely come across characters with long readings, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Characters
Chinese characters are logographs used Written Chinese, to write the Chinese languages and others from regions historically influenced by Chinese culture. Of the four independently invented writing systems accepted by scholars, they represent the only one that has remained in continuous use. Over a documented history spanning more than three millennia, the function, style, and means of writing characters have changed greatly. Unlike letters in alphabets that reflect the sounds of speech, Chinese characters generally represent morphemes, the units of meaning in a language. Writing all of the frequently used vocabulary in a language requires roughly 2000–3000 characters; , nearly have been identified and included in ''The Unicode Standard''. Characters are created according to several principles, where aspects of shape and pronunciation may be used to indicate the character's meaning. The first attested characters are oracle bone inscriptions made during the 13th century&n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberty Times
The ''Liberty Times'' is a national newspaper published in Taiwan. Founded by Lin Rong-San, it is published by the Liberty Times Group. The newspaper was first published on 17 April 1980, as Liberty Daily, before adopting its current name in 1987. In 1999, they launched their English language version, the ''Taipei Times''. It is one of the four most influential newspapers in Taiwan, the other three being the '' Apple Daily'', the '' China Times'', and the '' United Daily News''. While the ''United Daily News'' is regarded as taking an editorial line that supports a Pan-Blue political stance, the ''Liberty Times'' is thought to take a Pan-Green pro-independence political stance. History Early history In 1946, the Three Principles of the People Youth League established a newspaper in Taitung, called ''Taitung Daobao''. Initially on the verge of closure in 1948, it was taken over by Chen Zhen-zong and renamed ''Taitung Xinbao'', becoming the first newspaper in eastern Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korea Under Japanese Rule
From 1910 to 1945, Korea was ruled by the Empire of Japan under the name Chōsen (), the Japanese reading of "Joseon". Japan first took Korea into its sphere of influence during the late 1800s. Both Korea (Joseon) and Japan had been under policies of isolationism, with Joseon being a Tributary system of China, tributary state of Qing China. However, in 1854, Perry Expedition, Japan was forcibly opened by the United States. It then rapidly modernized under the Meiji Restoration, while Joseon continued to resist foreign attempts to open it up. Japan eventually succeeded in opening Joseon with the unequal Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876. Afterwards, Japan embarked on a decades-long process of defeating its local rivals, securing alliances with Western powers, and asserting its influence in Korea. Japan Assassination of Empress Myeongseong, assassinated the defiant Korean queen and intervened in the Donghak Peasant Revolution.Donald Keene, ''Emperor of Japan: Meiji and his World, 1852� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
