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Cough And Cold Preparation
R05C Expectorants, excluding combinations with cough suppressants R05CA Expectorants :R05CA01 Tyloxapol :R05CA02 Potassium iodide :R05CA03 Guaifenesin :R05CA04 Ipecacuanha :R05CA05 Altheae radix :R05CA06 Senega :R05CA07 Antimony pentasulfide :R05CA08 Creosote :R05CA09 Guaiacolsulfonate :R05CA10 Combinations :R05CA11 Levoverbenone :R05CA12 Hederae helicis folium :R05CA13 Cineole R05CB Mucolytics :R05CB01 Acetylcysteine :R05CB02 Bromhexine :R05CB03 Carbocisteine :R05CB04 Eprazinone :R05CB05 Mesna :R05CB06 Ambroxol :R05CB07 Sobrerol :R05CB08 Domiodol :R05CB09 Letosteine :R05CB10 Combinations :R05CB11 Stepronin :R05CB13 Dornase alfa ( desoxyribonuclease) :R05CB14 Neltenexine :R05CB15 Erdosteine :R05CB16 Mannitol :QR05CB90 Dembrexine hydrochloride R05D Cough suppressants, excluding combinations with expectorants R05DA Opium alkaloids and derivatives :R05DA01 Ethylmorphine :R05DA03 Hydrocodone :R05DA04 Codeine :R05DA05 Opium alkaloids with morphine :R05DA06 Normethadone :R05DA0 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectorant
Mucoactive agents are a class of chemical agents that aid in the clearance of mucus or sputum from the upper and lower airways, including the lungs, bronchi, and trachea. Mucoactive drugs include expectorants, mucolytics, mucoregulators, and mucokinetics. These medications are used in the treatment of respiratory diseases that are complicated by the oversecretion or inspissation of mucus. These drugs can be further categorized by their mechanism of action. Mechanism of action Mucoactive agents - expectorants – include mucolytics, secretolytics and mucokinetics (also called secretomotorics) * Mucolytics – thin (reduce the viscosity of) mucus * Secretolytics – increase airway water or the volume of airway secretions * Mucokinetics – increase mucociliary transport (clearance) and transportability of mucus by cough * Mucoregulators – suppress underlying mechanisms of mucus hypersecretion Alternatively, attacking the affinity between secretions and the biological surfaces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eprazinone
Eprazinone (trade names Eftapan, Isilung, Mucitux) is a mucolytic and bronchospasm Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release ( degranulation) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins. It causes ... relieving drug. It has been marketed in many European countries, but not in the US or United Kingdom. Indications Indications include acute and chronic bronchitis, cough, rhinitis, and asthma. Side effects Adverse effects include headache, somnolence, vertigo, heartburn, and nausea. References Piperazines Aromatic ketones Phenylethanolamine ethers Ethoxy compounds {{respiratory-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cough Suppressant
Cold medicines are a group of medications taken individually or in combination as a treatment for the symptoms of the common cold and similar conditions of the upper respiratory tract. The term encompasses a broad array of drugs, including analgesics, antihistamines and decongestants, among many others. It also includes drugs which are marketed as cough suppressants or antitussives, but their effectiveness in reducing cough symptoms is unclear or minimal. While they have been used by 10% of American children in any given week, they are not recommended in Canada or the United States in children six years or younger because of lack of evidence showing effect and concerns of harm. In 2020, one version containing codeine and guaifenesin was the 377th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States with more than 400thousand prescriptions. Types There are a number of different cough and cold medications, which may be used for various coughing symptoms. The commercia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mannitol
Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sweetener and medication. It is used as a low calorie sweetener as it is poorly absorbed by the intestines. As a medication, it is used to decrease pressure in the eyes, as in glaucoma, and to lower increased intracranial pressure. Medically, it is given by injection or inhalation. Effects typically begin within 15 minutes and last up to 8 hours. Common side effects from medical use include electrolyte problems and dehydration. Other serious side effects may include worsening heart failure and kidney problems. It is unclear if use is safe in pregnancy. Mannitol is in the osmotic diuretic family of medications and works by pulling fluid from the brain and eyes. The discovery of mannitol is attributed to Joseph Louis Proust in 1806. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It was originally made from the flowering ash and called manna due to its supposed resemblance to the Biblical food. Mann ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erdosteine
Erdosteine is a molecule with mucolytic activity. Structurally it is a thiol derivative characterized by the presence of two thiol groups. These two functional sulfhydryl groups contained in the molecule are released following first-pass metabolism with the conversion of erdosteine into its pharmacologically active metabolite Met-I. The molecule has been discovered and developed in Italy by Edmond Pharma, today it is prescribed for chronic and acute respiratory disorders in more than 40 countries worldwide. The drug is sold under several commercial names (Esteclin, Erdomed, Erdos, Erdotin etc.), as hard capsules 300 mg, dispersible tablets 300 mg, granulates for oral suspension 225 mg and powder for oral suspension 175 mg/5ml. Pharmacodynamics Erdosteine is an oral mucoactive anti-oxidant molecule, characterized by a multi-faceted pharmacological profile that may positively interfere in more than one of the pathological processes ongoing in all respirat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neltenexine
Neltenexine (trade name Alveoten) is a mucolytic Mucoactive agents are a class of chemical agents that aid in the clearance of mucus or sputum from the upper and lower airways, including the lungs, bronchi, and trachea. Mucoactive drugs include expectorants, mucolytics, mucoregulators, and mucok .... References Antitussives Thiophenes Bromoarenes Acetanilides Secondary alcohols Carboxamides {{respiratory-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desoxyribonuclease
Deoxyribonuclease (DNase, for short) refers to a group of glycoprotein endonucleases which are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone, thus degrading DNA. The role of the DNase enzyme in cells includes breaking down extracellular DNA (ecDNA) excreted by apoptosis, necrosis, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) of cells to help reduce inflammatory responses that otherwise are elicited. A wide variety of deoxyribonucleases are known and fall into one of two families (DNase I or DNase II), which differ in their substrate specificities, chemical mechanisms, and biological functions. Laboratory applications of DNase include purifying proteins when extracted from prokaryotic organisms. Additionally, DNase has been applied as a treatment for diseases that are caused by ecDNA in the blood plasma. Assays of DNase are emerging in the research field as well. Types The two main types of DNase found in metazoans are known as deoxy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dornase Alfa
Dornase alfa (proprietary name Pulmozyme from Genentech) is a highly purified solution of recombinant human deoxyribonuclease I (rhDNase), an enzyme which selectively cleaves DNA. Dornase alfa hydrolyzes the DNA present in sputum/mucus of cystic fibrosis patients and reduces viscosity in the lungs, promoting improved clearance of secretions. This protein therapeutic agent is produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cystic fibrosis Dornase alfa is the most recent therapeutic agent developed with this basic mechanism of action. Prior to the cloning of the human enzyme, bovine DNase I was on the market for many years, though its utility was limited by the inherent antigenic response to a cow protein in the lungs of patients. Other DNases, such as DNase II, have therapeutic potential as well, but no further DNases have been brought to market yet for cystic fibrosis. Dornase alfa is an orphan drug. Contraindications * Hypersensitivity to dornase alfa * Hypersensitivity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stepronin
Stepronin is a mucolytic and expectorant Mucoactive agents are a class of chemical agents that aid in the clearance of mucus or sputum from the upper and lower airways, including the lungs, bronchi, and trachea. Mucoactive drugs include expectorants, mucolytics, mucoregulators, and mucok .... References Expectorants Thiophenes Carboxamides Thioesters {{respiratory-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Letosteine
Letosteine is a mucolytic patented (U.S. patent 6987120) by Piero del Soldato of Milan Milan ( , , Lombard language, Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the List of cities in Italy, second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 ..., Italy. He filed his application in 2000. References Antitussives Carboxylic acids Carboxylate esters Ethyl esters Thioethers Thiazolidines {{respiratory-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domiodol
Domiodol is a mucolytic and expectorant Mucoactive agents are a class of chemical agents that aid in the clearance of mucus or sputum from the upper and lower airways, including the lungs, bronchi, and trachea. Mucoactive drugs include expectorants, mucolytics, mucoregulators, and mucok .... It has been marketed in Italy by Maggioni under the trade name Mucolitico Maggioni and sold in syrup, sachet, and tablet form, with a dosage of 60mg three to four times daily in adults. Contraindications include severe renal or hepatic insufficiency. References Antitussives Organoiodides Primary alcohols Dioxolanes {{respiratory-system-drug-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
