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Anhalonidine
Anhalonidine, also known as ''N''-desmethylpellotine, a naturally occurring tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid which can be isolated from certain members of the cactus family, such as ''Lophophora''. It is structurally related to mescaline. Anhalonidine produced no hallucinogenic effects in humans at doses of up to 250mg. However, it has been reported to have a calming or sedative effect instead, with about one-fourth the potency of pellotine and with marked sedation occurring at doses of 100 to 250mg. Anhalonidine has been found to act as a potent inverse agonist of the serotonin 5-HT7 receptor. See also * Substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline * Anhalamine * Anhalidine * Anhalinine * Gigantine * Pellotine Pellotine, also known as peyotline or ''N''-methylanhalonidine, is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid found in '' Lophophora'' species, in particular ''L. diffusa''. It is the second most common alkaloid found in ''Lophophora williamsii'' (peyo ... References External lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinoline
A substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline is a tetrahydroisoquinoline with one or more chemical substituents. Many simple tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids related to mescaline are known and occur naturally in cactus species such as peyote (''Lophophora williamsii'') and ''Pachycereus pringlei'' among many others. Simple tetrahydroisoquinolines may be thought of as cyclized phenethylamines. As an example, anhalinine may be thought of as a cyclic compound, cyclized structural analog, analogue of mescaline. The simple tetrahydroisoquinolines are analogous in concept to the substituted β-carboline, β-carbolines and harmala alkaloids, which can be considered cyclized analogues of substituted tryptamine, tryptamines. Some of the simple tetrahydroisoquinolines, for instance pellotine, are known to be pharmacology, pharmacologically active, although none are known to have hallucinogenic activity. Known activities of simple tetrahydroisoquinolines include sedative and hypnotic effects, monoam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pellotine
Pellotine, also known as peyotline or ''N''-methylanhalonidine, is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid found in '' Lophophora'' species, in particular ''L. diffusa''. It is the second most common alkaloid found in ''Lophophora williamsii'' (peyote). Pellotine is slightly sedative, and has been used by Native Americans as a constituent of peyote for sacramental purposes. It was reportedly once marketed for use as a sedative. Pharmacology and effects Doses of 8 to 10mg of isolated pellotine are known to cause convulsions in frogs. When injected subcutaneously to humans, participants have reported drowsiness and a desire not to exert any physical or mental effort, with one study reporting it to have hypnotic effects. It is also reported to lower blood pressure and heart rate. Pellotine produced no hallucinogenic effects in humans at doses of up to 250mg. However, it has been reported to have a calming or sedative effect instead. Pellotine has been identified as a selective an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-HT7 Receptor
The 5-HT7 receptor is a member of the GPCR superfamily of cell surface receptors and is activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The 5-HT7 receptor is coupled to Gs (stimulates the production of the intracellular signaling molecule cAMP) and is expressed in a variety of human tissues, particularly in the brain, the gastrointestinal tract, and in various blood vessels. This receptor has been a drug development target for the treatment of several clinical disorders. The 5-HT7 receptor is encoded by the ''HTR7'' gene, which in humans is transcribed into 3 different splice variants. Function When the 5-HT7 receptor is activated by serotonin, it sets off a cascade of events starting with release of the stimulatory G protein Gs from the GPCR complex. Gs in turn activates adenylate cyclase which increases intracellular levels of the second messenger cAMP. The 5-HT7 receptor plays a role in smooth muscle relaxation within the vasculature ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-HT7 Antagonists
The 5-HT7 receptor is a member of the GPCR superfamily of cell surface receptors and is activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The 5-HT7 receptor is coupled to Gs (stimulates the production of the intracellular signaling molecule cAMP) and is expressed in a variety of human tissues, particularly in the brain, the gastrointestinal tract, and in various blood vessels. This receptor has been a drug development target for the treatment of several clinical disorders. The 5-HT7 receptor is encoded by the ''HTR7'' gene, which in humans is transcribed into 3 different splice variants. Function When the 5-HT7 receptor is activated by serotonin, it sets off a cascade of events starting with release of the stimulatory G protein Gs from the GPCR complex. Gs in turn activates adenylate cyclase which increases intracellular levels of the second messenger cAMP. The 5-HT7 receptor plays a role in smooth muscle relaxation within the vasculature and in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anhalinine
Anhalinine, also known as ''O''-methylanhalamine or mescaline-CR, is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid found in ''Lophophora williamsii'' (peyote) and other cacti. It is structurally related to mescaline and is a cyclized phenethylamine analogue of mescaline. Anhalinine is also pharmacologically active, but is only a minor constituent of peyote and is unlikely to contribute to its effects. Simple isoquinoline alkaloids of mescaline-containing cacti like anhalinine have received relatively little investigation. Arthur Heffter found many of them to produce no effects similar to those of mescaline. However, some of them have been found to produce convulsions in animals at high doses. Anhalinine specifically has been described as having "stimulant" properties due to inhibiting cholinergic neurotransmission. Alexander Shulgin tried anhalinine at small doses of 0.5 to 4.3mg but experienced no effects.Alexander Shulgin. Pharmacology Notebook 1. Subacute effects Anhalinine. 1963. https ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norsalsolinol Ethers
Norsalsolinol is a tetrahydroisoquinoline that is produced naturally in the body through the metabolism of dopamine. It has been shown to be a selective dopaminergic neurotoxin, and has been suggested as a possible cause of neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease and the brain damage associated with alcoholism, although evidence for a causal relationship is unclear. The related compound (''R'')-salsolinol, which has been shown to be a product of ethanol metabolism, stereospecifically induces behavioral sensitization and leads to excessive alcohol intake in rats. See also * Substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline * 6-Hydroxydopamine * MPTP * Rotenone Rotenone is an odorless, colorless, crystalline isoflavone. It occurs naturally in the seeds and stems of several plants, such as the jicama vine, and in the roots of several other members of the Fabaceae. It was the first-described member of the ... References {{Phenethylamines Catechols Human pathological m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypnotics
A hypnotic (from Greek ''Hypnos'', sleep), also known as a somnifacient or soporific, and commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep and to treat insomnia (sleeplessness). This group of drugs is related to sedatives''. ''Whereas the term sedative describes drugs that serve to calm or relieve anxiety, the term hypnotic generally describes drugs whose main purpose is to initiate, sustain, or lengthen sleep. Because these two functions frequently overlap, and because drugs in this class generally produce dose-dependent effects (ranging from anxiolysis to loss of consciousness), they are often referred to collectively as sedative–hypnotic drugs. Hypnotic drugs are regularly prescribed for insomnia and other sleep disorders, with over 95% of insomnia patients being prescribed hypnotics in some countries. Many hypnotic drugs are habit-forming and—due to many factors known to disturb the human sleep pattern—a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gigantine
Gigantine is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid found in ''Carnegiea gigantea'' and other related cactus species. It was first discovered along with macromerine in 1967. Gigantine is found in significant quantities in many mescaline-containing cactus species, but it is unclear whether it contributes to their psychoactive effects. The compound has been suspected to be hallucinogenic based on animal studies in cats and monkeys, but has not been evaluated in humans. See also * Substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline A substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline is a tetrahydroisoquinoline with one or more chemical substituents. Many simple tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids related to mescaline are known and occur naturally in cactus species such as peyote (''Lophophor ... References External links Gigantine - Isomer Design {{Phenethylamines Methyl compounds Norsalsolinol ethers Phenols Tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anhalidine
Anhalidine is a naturally occurring tetrahydroisoquinoline based alkaloid which can be isolated from ''Lophophora williamsii''; it has also been detected other cactii and several species of ''Acacia''. It is part of a family of compounds that are structurally related to mescaline. Anhalidine has been found to act as a potent inverse agonist of the serotonin 5-HT7 receptor. See also * Substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline * Pellotine Pellotine, also known as peyotline or ''N''-methylanhalonidine, is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid found in '' Lophophora'' species, in particular ''L. diffusa''. It is the second most common alkaloid found in ''Lophophora williamsii'' (peyo ... References External links Anhalidine - Isomer Design 5-HT7 antagonists Lophophora Norsalsolinol ethers Tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids {{Alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anhalamine
Anhalamine is a naturally occurring tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid which can be isolated from ''Lophophora williamsii''. It is structurally related to mescaline. It has been found to act as a potent inverse agonist of the serotonin 5-HT7 receptor. See also * Substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline * Anhalinine * Anhalonidine * Pellotine Pellotine, also known as peyotline or ''N''-methylanhalonidine, is a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid found in '' Lophophora'' species, in particular ''L. diffusa''. It is the second most common alkaloid found in ''Lophophora williamsii'' (peyo ... References 5-HT7 antagonists Norsalsolinol ethers Tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids {{alkaloid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
