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Zhuang Cunyu
Zhuang Cunyu (莊存與, 1719–1788) was a Chinese intellectual, and a representative of the Changzhou School of Thought, an important proponent of the New Text Confucianism. ''Jinshi'' degree holder (1745), secretary to the Qianlong Emperor. Background Zhuang lineage traced itself from the N.Song refugees who had moved south being pressed by the Jin campaigns against the Song Dynasty, Jurchen invasion. During the Ming dynasty, Zhuangs grew up tp become an influential local elite sympathizing with the Donglin movement (however not recorded as its direct participants). Though some members retired from public life during the Ming-Qing transition, the lineage continued to prosper and produced an outstanding amount of the ''jinshi'' degree holders: 29 during the whole timespan of the Qing (after producing 6 during the Ming). Father (Zhuang Zhu) and uncle (Zhuang Kai) of Cunyu were Hanlin Academy, Hanlin academicians. As reported by Dai Wang in "Yanshi xueji", Cunyu's father was influe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Changzhou School Of Thought
Changzhou School of Thought ( zh, t=常州學派) was the Changzhou-centered influential school of scholarship that existed during the late Ming dynasty, Ming and Qing dynasty, Qing dynasties in China. Scholars of this school are best known for their contribution to the New Text Confucianism. Ming Tang Shunzhi (唐順之; 1507–1560), the famous Ming mathematician and advocate of the ancient prose style, is considered the precursor of the school, since his work underlined the importance of calendaric studies and mathematics in the Han learning, Han scholarship. Tang's argument for the "concrete studies" (''shixue''), as well as concern about diluting the influence of the Buddhist and Daoist teachings on Confucianism of Wang Yangming became an important feature of the Changzhou intellectual framework. Tang Shunzhi was married to the grandmother of Zhuang Qiyuan (1559–1633), who compiled genealogies of Tangs and Zhuangs and claimed intellectual affinity to his predecessors. Qiyua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaozheng
''Kaozheng'' (), alternatively called ''kaoju xue'' () was a Chinese school of thought emphasizing philology that was active during the Qing dynasty (1644–1912) from to 1850. It was most prominent during the reigns of the Qianlong Emperor and Jiaqing Emperor; because of this, it is often also referred to as the Qian–Jia school (). Their approach corresponds to that of modern textual criticism, and was also associated with empiricism as regards scientific topics. History and controversies Nearly all of the representatives of the ''kaozheng'' movement were Ming loyalists, refusing to accept offers of government positions from the Qing dynasty. The Kaozheng school began in the late Ming, criticizing the subjectivism of Yangmingism. After the fall of the Ming, ''kaozheng'' scholars blamed this subjectivism for the collapse of the state and thus called for practical study of objective realities to replace subjectivism, directly leading to critical studies of the Confucian sourc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty Government Officials
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. At its height of power, the empire stretched from the Sea of Japan in the east to the Pamir Mountains in the west, and from the Mongolian Plateau in the north to the South China Sea in the south. Originally emerging from the Later Jin dynasty founded in 1616 and proclaimed in Shenyang in 1636, the dynasty seized control of the Ming capital Beijing and North China in 1644, traditionally considered the start of the dynasty's rule. The dynasty lasted until the Xinhai Revolution of October 1911 led to the abdication of the last emperor in February 1912. The multi-ethnic Qing dynasty assembled the territorial base for modern China. The Qing controlled the most territory of any dynasty in Chinese history, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philosophers From Jiangsu
Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language. It is a rational and critical inquiry that reflects on its methods and assumptions. Historically, many of the individual sciences, such as physics and psychology, formed part of philosophy. However, they are considered separate academic disciplines in the modern sense of the term. Influential traditions in the history of philosophy include Western, Arabic–Persian, Indian, and Chinese philosophy. Western philosophy originated in Ancient Greece and covers a wide area of philosophical subfields. A central topic in Arabic–Persian philosophy is the relation between reason and revelation. Indian philosophy combines the spiritual problem of how to reach enlightenment with the exploration of the nature of reality and the ways of arriving at knowledge. Chinese philosophy focuses principally on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Writers From Changzhou
A writer is a person who uses written words in different writing styles, genres and techniques to communicate ideas, to inspire feelings and emotions, or to entertain. Writers may develop different forms of writing such as novels, short stories, monographs, travelogues, plays, screenplays, teleplays, songs, and essays as well as reports, educational material, and news articles that may be of interest to the general public. Writers' works are nowadays published across a wide range of media. Skilled writers who are able to use language to express ideas well, often contribute significantly to the cultural content of a society. The term "writer" is also used elsewhere in the arts and music, such as songwriter or a screenwriter, but also a stand-alone "writer" typically refers to the creation of written language. Some writers work from an oral tradition. Writers can produce material across a number of genres, fictional or non-fictional. Other writers use multiple media such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty Classicists
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. At its height of power, the empire stretched from the Sea of Japan in the east to the Pamir Mountains in the west, and from the Mongolian Plateau in the north to the South China Sea in the south. Originally emerging from the Later Jin dynasty founded in 1616 and proclaimed in Shenyang in 1636, the dynasty seized control of the Ming capital Beijing and North China in 1644, traditionally considered the start of the dynasty's rule. The dynasty lasted until the Xinhai Revolution of October 1911 led to the abdication of the last emperor in February 1912. The multi-ethnic Qing dynasty assembled the territorial base for modern China. The Qing controlled the most territory of any dynasty in Chinese history, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Confucianists
Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of various ethnicities in contemporary China ** Ethnic minorities in China, people of non-Han Chinese ethnicities in modern China ** Ethnic groups in Chinese history, people of various ethnicities in historical China ** Nationals of the People's Republic of China ** Nationals of the Republic of China ** Overseas Chinese, Chinese people residing outside the territories of mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan * Sinitic languages, the major branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family ** Chinese language, a group of related languages spoken predominantly in China, sharing a written script (Chinese characters in traditional and simplified forms) *** Standard Chine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1788 Deaths
Events January–March * January 1 – The first edition of ''The Times'', previously ''The Daily Universal Register'', is published in London. * January 2 – Georgia ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the fourth U.S. state under the new government. * January 9 – Connecticut ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the fifth U.S. state. * January 18 – The leading ship (armed tender HMS ''Supply'') in Captain Arthur Phillip's First Fleet arrives at Botany Bay, to colonise Australia. * January 22 – The Congress of the Confederation, effectively a caretaker government until the United States Constitution can be ratified by at least nine of the 13 states, elects Cyrus Griffin as its last president.''Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909'', ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p167 * January 24 – The La Perouse expedition in the ''Astrolabe'' and '' Boussole'' arri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1719 Births
Events January–March * January 8 – Carolean Death March begins: A catastrophic retreat by a largely-Finnish Swedish Empire, Swedish-Caroleans, Carolean army under the command of Carl Gustaf Armfeldt across the Tydalen mountains in a blizzard kills around 3,700 men and cripples a further 600 for life. * January 23 – The Principality of Liechtenstein is created, within the Holy Roman Empire. * February 3 (January 23 Old Style) – The Riksdag of the Estates recognizes Ulrika Eleonora's claim to the Swedish throne, after she has agreed to sign a new Swedish constitution. Thus, she is recognized as queen regnant of Sweden. * February 20 – The first Age of Liberty, Treaty of Stockholm is signed. * February 28 – Farrukhsiyar, the Mughal Emperor of India since 1713, is deposed by the Sayyid brothers, who install Rafi ud-Darajat in his place. In prison, Farrukhsiyar is strangled by assassins on April 19. * March 6 – A serious earthquake (estimated magnitude >7) in El ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuca Clan
Fuca (Manchu: ; ) was a clan of Manchu nobility. After the demise of the dynasty, some of its descendants sinicized their clan name to the Chinese surnames '' Fu'' (富/傅) or '' Li'' (李). Notable figures Males * Arantai (; d. 1699), served as the Minister of Works from 1687–1688 ** Funingga (; d. 1728), Arantai's son; political figure * Maci (1652–1739), political figure * Fuheng (1720–1770), Maci's nephew; political and military figure ** Fulong'an (; 1746–1784), Fuheng's second son ** Fuk'anggan (1754–1796), Fuheng's son; general *** Delin, Fuk'anggan's son * Mingliang (; 1736–1822), Fuheng's nephew * Mingrui (d. 1768), Fuheng's nephew; general * Fumin (; 1673–1756), official * Jingshou (; 1829–1889), served as one of the Eight Regents of the Tongzhi Emperor ** Zhiduan (; d. 1871), Jingshou's son by Princess Shou'en ; Prince Consort Females Imperial Consort * Empress ** Empress Xiaoxianchun (1712–1748), the Qianlong Emperor's first empress, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuntao
Yuntao (; 18 January 1686 - 1 September 1763) was a Qing dynasty imperial prince and the 12th son of the Kangxi Emperor. Yuntao was rather a crony of the Yongzheng Emperor and his adoptive brother, which helped him persist in the succession war. He became the first bearer of the Prince Lü of the First Rank title. Life Yuntao was born on 18 January 1686 to Concubine Ding, Wanlioha Niuniu (完琉哈•妞妞). In his childhood, he was taught by Sumalagu, a confidant of Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang. In 1695, Yuntao was awarded a yellow riding jacket for his excellence in martial arts Yunzhi once recalled that Yuntao addressed Sumalagu as Azhagu (阿扎姑，meaning "careful" in Manchu language). When Sumalagu fell critically ill in 1705, Yuntao personally took care of her. In 1709, Yuntao was granted a title of the prince of the fourth rank for his merits. After Kangxi Emperor's death, Yuntao controlled Bordered Yellow Banner, in contradiction to the earlier records claiming hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liu Fenglu
Liu (; or ) is an East Asian surname. pinyin: in Mandarin Chinese, in Cantonese. It is the family name of the Han dynasty emperors. The character originally meant 'battle axe', but is now used only as a surname. It is listed 252nd in the classic text Hundred Family Surnames. Today, it is the 4th most common surname in mainland China as well as one of the most common surnames in the world. Distribution In 2019 劉 was the fourth most common surname in mainland China. Additionally, it was the most common surname in Jiangxi province. In 2013 it was found to be the 5th most common surname, shared by 67,700,000 people or 5.1% of the population, with the province with the most people being Shandong.中国四百大姓, 袁义达, 邱家儒, Beijing Book Co. Inc., 1 January 2013 Origin One source is that they descend from the Qí (祁) clan of Emperor Yao. For example, the founding emperor of the Han dynasty (one of China's golden ages), Liu Bang (Emperor Gaozu of Han) was a descend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
