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Zhu Zairui
Zhu Zairui (20 October 1536 – 14 April 1549) was a prince of the Ming dynasty. He was the second son of the Jiajing Emperor. His older brother died in 1533 as an infant, making Zhu Zairui the designated heir to the throne in 1539. He died only ten years later. Biography Zhu Zairui was born in 1536 as the second son of the Jiajing Emperor. His mother, surnamed Wang, was one of the emperor's concubines and held the title of ''Guifei'' (Noble Consort). The Jiajing Emperor's eldest son died just two months after his birth in 1533, making Zhu Zairui the eldest surviving son of the emperor. In the spring of 1539, the emperor embarked on a journey from Beijing to his birthplace in central China. Prior to this, he officially appointed Zhu Zairui as the crown prince (''Taizi''). Additionally, Zhu Zairui's younger brothers, Zhu Zaiji and Zhu Zaizhen, were given the titles of princes of Yu and Jing. The emperor selected scholars Lu Shen (; 1477–1544), Cui Xian (; 1478–1571), Luo Ho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Zhu
The House of Zhu was the imperial house that ruled the Ming dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644. Rump states of the Ming dynasty (collectively known as the Southern Ming) continued in the southern region until 1662, but the territory gradually decreased. The Ming dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people. After its downfall, China was conquered by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912). The Han-led state was only restored after the fall of the Qing dynasty, with the establishment of the Republic of China as a nation state in 1912. Its founder was Zhu Yuanzhang, the leader of a major rebellion against the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. He and his descendants lifted China to long-term economic prosperity and political stability. Over time, thanks to the polygamy common among the upper classes of Chinese society, the number of male members of the house increased to one hundred thousand. However, except for the emperors and heirs to the throne, they were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the short-lived Shun dynasty), numerous rump state, rump regimes ruled by remnants of the House of Zhu, Ming imperial family, collectively called the Southern Ming, survived until 1662. The Ming dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor (1368–1398), attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and the naval history of China, navy's dockyards in Nanjing were the largest in the world. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiajing Emperor
The Jiajing Emperor (16September 150723January 1567), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Shizong of Ming, personal name Zhu Houcong, art name, art names Yaozhai, Leixuan, and Tianchi Diaosou, was the 12th List of emperors of the Ming dynasty, emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1521 to 1567. He succeeded his cousin, the Zhengde Emperor. The Jiajing Emperor was born as a cousin of the reigning Zhengde Emperor, so his accession to the throne was unexpected, but when the Zhengde Emperor died without an heir, the government, led by Senior Grand Secretary Yang Tinghe and Empress Zhang (Hongzhi), Empress Dowager Zhang, chose him as the new ruler. After his enthronement, a dispute arose between the emperor and his officials regarding the method of legalizing his accession. This conflict, known as the Great Rites Controversy, was a significant political issue at the beginning of his reign. After three years, the emperor emerged victorious, with his main opponents eithe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beijing
Beijing, Chinese postal romanization, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital city of China. With more than 22 million residents, it is the world's List of national capitals by population, most populous national capital city as well as China's List of cities in China by population, second largest city by urban area after Shanghai. It is located in North China, Northern China, and is governed as a Direct-administered municipalities of China, municipality under the direct administration of the Government of the People's Republic of China, State Council with List of administrative divisions of Beijing, 16 urban, suburban, and rural districts.Figures based on 2006 statistics published in 2007 National Statistical Yearbook of China and available online at archive. Retrieved 21 April 2009. Beijing is mostly surrounded by Hebei Province and neighbors Tianjin to the southeast; together, the three divisions form the Jing-Jin-Ji, Jing-Jin-Ji cluster. Beijing is a global city and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Longqing Emperor
The Longqing Emperor (4March 15375July 1572), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Muzong of Ming, personal name Zhu Zaiji, art name Shunzhai, was the 13th emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1567 to 1572. He was initially known as the Prince of Yu () from 1539 to 1567 before he became the emperor. He succeeded his father, the Jiajing Emperor. After the death of the Jiajing Emperor, the Longqing Emperor inherited a country in turmoil due to years of mismanagement and corruption. Recognizing the extent of the chaos caused during his father's lengthy reign, the emperor worked to restore order in the state administration. He reinstated talented officials who had been previously exiled and dismissed corrupt officials and Taoist priests who had surrounded the Jiajing Emperor. Additionally, he lifted the ban on foreign trade, boosting the empire's economy, and reorganized the border troops to strengthen security on the inland and coastal borders. The seaports of Zhejian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhu Zaizhen
Zhu Zaizhen (29 March 1537 – 9 February 1565) was a prince of the Ming dynasty. He was the fourth son of the Jiajing Emperor, and his mother was Consort Lu. In 1538, he was granted the title of Prince of Jing (). Biography Zhu Zaizhen was notorious for his greed and arrogance, traits that were likely inherited from his father, the Jiajing Emperor, who was known for his violent temper. This often resulted in conflicts between the father and son, but despite their strained relationship, the Jiajing Emperor still protected his son. At the time, the emperor only had two sons: the eldest, Zaiji, Prince of Yu, and the second son, Zaizhen. Consort Du, the mother of Zaiji, was unfavored, while Consort Lu, the mother of Zaizhen, was favored. The emperor's indecisiveness in choosing a crown prince, influenced by the opinions of alchemists ( ''fāngshì''), caused concerns and doubts both at home and abroad. In January 1561, the emperor ordered Zaizhen to go to his fiefdom in De'an P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luo Hongxian
Luo Hongxian (; 1504 – 1564) was a Ming dynasty Chinese cartographer. He also studied astronomy, geography, irrigation methods, military affairs and mathematics. After passing the Imperial Examinations with the rank of ''jinshi'' in 1529, Luo worked as a senior compiler at the Hanlin Academy. He was a student of the philosophies of the Neo-Confucian Wang Yangming. Hearing of raids by wokou pirates on China's south-eastern shores, he began collating cartographical information for the Ming government, spending three years in research. During this period, he discovered the ''Yutu'' (Terrestrial Map), an atlas of China created by Zhu Siben during the Yuan dynasty some 300 years earlier around 1320, which he adapted and expanded using Chinese measuring methods to create his ''Guang Yu Tu'' 廣與圖 (Enlarged territorial atlas), a work that covered the entire country. It was first published in 1561, and remained the principal reference work in Chinese cartography until the 17th ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Song Lian
Song Lian (; 1310–1381), courtesy name Jinglian (), was a Chinese historian and official of the Ming dynasty. He was a literary and political advisor to the Hongwu Emperor. Before that, he was one of the principal figures in the Yuan dynasty's Jinhua school of Neo-Confucianism. As a head of the official ''Bureau of History'' of the Ming dynasty, Song Lian directed the compilation of the official dynastic history of the preceding Yuan dynasty. The compilation of the ''History of Yuan'', commissioned by the court of the Ming dynasty, was completed in 1370. Under the guidance of Song Lian, the official dynastic history broke with the old Confucian historiographical tradition, and established a new historical paradigm professing that the influence of history was equal in influence to the great Confucian classics in directing the human affairs. In Asian historiography, the ''History of Yuan'' is a major source for the study of the histories of the Han, Tungusic, Mongol, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guan Li
The ( zh, t=冠禮, s=冠礼, p=guànlǐ'')'' is the Confucian coming of age ceremony. According to the (), it is only after the coming of age ceremonies that young people could call themselves adults and could share social responsibilities. The name refers to the ritual ceremony for men which involves the use of a , while the ('')'' refers to the one for women and involves the use of a . Both the and have important symbolic meaning for the Han Chinese. Both of these ceremonies are key Confucian ritual religion, Confucian rites, and are part of the "four rites", along with Traditional Chinese marriage, marriage, mourning rites, and sacrificial rituals. The and the ceremony can be performed by people of any social class; however, rich people were more likely to hold the ceremony than poor people. In the 20th century, these ceremonies slowly phased out, but there has been a recent resurgence of interest, especially in those who are interested in Confucianism, Confucian tradi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Posthumous Name
A posthumous name is an honorary Personal name, name given mainly to revered dead people in East Asian cultural sphere, East Asian culture. It is predominantly used in Asian countries such as China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan, Malaysia and Thailand. Reflecting on the person's accomplishments or reputation, the title is assigned after death and essentially replaces the name used during life. Although most posthumous names are given to royalty, some posthumous names are given to honour significant people without hereditary titles, such as courtiers or General officer, military generals. To create a posthumous name, one or more adjectives are inserted before the deceased's title. The name of the state or domain of the owner may be added to avoid ambiguity. History Origins Early mythological rulers such as Emperor Yao were known to have posthumous names. Archaeology, Archaeological discoveries have shown that the titles of kings as far back as the Zhou dynasty (1046 to 256 BC) are po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ming Dynasty Imperial Princes
The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the short-lived Shun dynasty), numerous rump regimes ruled by remnants of the Ming imperial family, collectively called the Southern Ming, survived until 1662. The Ming dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor (1368–1398), attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and the navy's dockyards in Nanjing were the largest in the world. He also took great care breaking the power of the court eunuchs and unrelated magn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1536 Births
Year 1536 ( MDXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March *January 6 – The Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, the oldest European school of higher learning in the Americas, is established by Franciscans in Mexico City. * January 22 – John of Leiden, Bernhard Knipperdolling and Bernhard Krechting are executed in Münster for their roles in the Münster Rebellion. * January 24 – King Henry VIII of England is seriously injured when he falls from his horse at a jousting tournament in Greenwich, after which the fully armored horse falls on him. The King is unconscious for two hours, sustaining an injury to an ulcerated leg and a concussion. * February 2 – Spanish conquistador Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aires in what is now Argentina. * February 18 – A Franco-Ottoman alliance exempts French merchants from Ottoman law and allows them to travel, buy and sell throughout the sultan's domini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
