Yezo Virus
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Yezo Virus
Yezo virus (''Orthonairovirus yezoense'') is a species of virus in the genus ''Orthonairovirus'', discovered 2021 in Japan, circulating in mammals and ticks, causing a mild febrile illness in humans. Virology Yezo virus is classified into the genus ''Orthonairovirus'' and is phylogenetically grouped with Sulina virus. Natural reservoir As of 2021, Yezo virus was found in wild deer, raccoons, and ticks from Hokkaido, the northernmost island in Japan. They were not found in Hokkaido raccoon dogs (''Nyctereutes procyonoides albus'') or rodents (''Myodes rufocanus bedfordiae'' and ''Apodemus speciosus''). Among the three major tick species in Hokkaido ('' Haemaphysalis megaspinosa'', '' Ixodes ovatus'', and ''Ixodes persulcatus'') Yezo virus was most commonly detected in H. megaspinosa. It is suspected to circulate in Ixodes ticks as well, so the geographical range may extend much further into Asia and Europe. In 2024, Yezo virus was also found in 0.5% of ''Ixodes persulcatus'' t ...
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Orthonairovirus
''Orthonairovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the family '' Nairoviridae'' of the order '' Hareavirales'' which includes viruses with circular, negative-sense single stranded RNA. The name is derived from the Nairobi sheep disease which affects the gastrointestinal tracts of sheep and goats. All viruses in this genus are tick-borne viruses with human or other vertebrate hosts. Structure The virions for viruses in this genus have a spherical shape. They range in size from about 80–120 nm in diameter, with 50% of their weight attributed to proteins and 20–30% of their weight attributed to lipids. The ribonucleocapsid is filamentous, having a length of about 200-300 nm and a width of about 2–2.5 nm. These nucleocapsids are surrounded by a single envelope that has projections made of glycoproteins protruding from its surface. These projections evenly cover the surface of the virion, and are about 5–10 nm long. They aid in attachment to the host r ...
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Sulina Virus
Sulina () is a town and free port in Tulcea County, Northern Dobruja, Romania, at the mouth of the Sulina branch of the Danube. It is the easternmost point of Romania. History During the mid-Byzantine period, Sulina was a small cove, and in the 14th century, a Genoese port inhabited by a handful of sailors, pirates and fishermen. In the 18th century, the Ottomans built a lighthouse there in order to facilitate communication between Constantinople (Istanbul) and the Danubian Principalities, the main breadbaskets for the Ottoman capital. Thanks to the signing of the Treaty of Adrianoupolis (Edirne) on September 2, 1829, that unfettered the Danube grain trade, Sulina, by then under Russian control, became an important port. Great sailing boats could not sail fully loaded to Brăila and Galați, which were the main export centers of Wallachia and Moldavia, because of the shallow waters of the river; therefore, they had to transship at least part of their cargoes to smaller riverbo ...
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Hokkaido
is the list of islands of Japan by area, second-largest island of Japan and comprises the largest and northernmost prefectures of Japan, prefecture, making up its own list of regions of Japan, region. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō from Honshu; the two islands are connected by railway via the Seikan Tunnel. The largest city on Hokkaido is its capital, Sapporo, which is also its only cities designated by government ordinance of Japan, ordinance-designated city. Sakhalin lies about to the north of Hokkaidō, and to the east and northeast are the Kuril Islands, which are administered by Russia, though the four most southerly are Kuril Islands dispute, claimed by Japan. The position of the island on the northern end of the archipelago results in a colder climate, with the island seeing significant snowfall each winter. Despite the harsher climate, it serves as an agricultural breadbasket for many crops. Hokkaido was formerly known as ''Ezo'', ''Yezo'', ''Yeso'', or ''Yes ...
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Haemaphysalis Megaspinosa
''Haemaphysalis'' is a genus of ticks, containing these species: *'' Haemaphysalis aborensis'' Warburton, 1913 *'' Haemaphysalis aciculifer'' Warburton, 1913 *'' Haemaphysalis aculeata'' Lavarra, 1904 *'' Haemaphysalis adleri'' Feldman-Muhsam, 1951 *'' Haemaphysalis anomala'' Warburton, 1913 *'' Haemaphysalis anomaloceraea'' Teng & Cui, 1984 *'' Haemaphysalis anoplos'' Hoogstraal, Uilenberg & Klein, 1967 *'' Haemaphysalis aponommoides'' Warburton, 1913 *'' Haemaphysalis asiatica'' (Supino, 1897) *'' Haemaphysalis atheruri'' Hoogstraal, Trapido & Kohls, 1965 *'' Haemaphysalis bancrofti'' Nuttall & Warburton, 1915 *'' Haemaphysalis bandicota'' Hoogstraal & Kohls, 1965 *''Haemaphysalis bartelsi'' Schulze, 1938 *''Haemaphysalis bequaerti'' Hoogstraal, 1956 *'' Haemaphysalis birmaniae'' Supino, 1897 *'' Haemaphysalis bispinosa'' Neumann, 1897 *'' Haemaphysalis bochkovi'' Apanaskevich & Tomlinson, 2019Dmitry Apanaskevich and Jackson A. Tomlinson. 2019. Description of four new species of ...
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Ixodes Ovatus
''Ixodes'' is a genus of hard-bodied ticks (family Ixodidae). It includes important disease vectors of animals and humans (tick-borne disease), and some species (notably ''Ixodes holocyclus'') inject toxins that can cause paralysis. Some ticks in this genus may transmit the pathogenic bacterium ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' responsible for causing Lyme disease. Additional organisms that may be transmitted by ''Ixodes'' are parasites from the genus ''Babesia'', which cause babesiosis, and bacteria from the related genus ''Anaplasma'', which cause anaplasmosis. Species These species are recognised within the genus ''Ixodes'': *''Ixodes abrocomae'' Lahille, 1916 *''Ixodes acer'' Apanaskevich & Schenk, 2020 *''Ixodes acuminatus'' Neumann, 1901 *''Ixodes acutitarsus'' (Karsch, 1880) *''Ixodes affinis'' Neumann, 1899 *''Ixodes albignaci'' Uilenberg & Hoogstraal, 1969 *''Ixodes alluaudi'' Neumann, 1913 *'' Ixodes amarali'' Fonseca, 1935 *'' Ixodes amersoni'' Kohls, 1966 *'' Ixodes anat ...
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