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Yaralde
The Jarildekald people, also known as Yarilde or Yaralde, are an Aboriginal Australian people of South Australia originating on the eastern side of Lake Alexandrina and the Murray River. Name The tribal name Jarildekald is said to derive from ''Jarawalangan'', a phrase meaning "Where shall we go?" referring to a tradition according to which on migrating from the interior to the mouth of the Murray, the tribe at that point was perplexed as to where they were to continue their travels. They were grouped as the Ngarrindjeri by the early ethnographer George Taplin, though Norman Tindale and others have argued that while his data refer predominantly to the Jarildekald, it would be mistaken to confuse them with the Narinndjeri. In 2019, law professor Irene Watson wrote in an article about the Maria massacre: "The ancient identity and name of the Milmendjeri, one of the Tanganekald peoples, belong to the Coorong. They are ancient names that have become almost lost to living memory. Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngarrindjeri
The Ngarrindjeri people are the traditional Aboriginal Australian people of the lower Murray River, eastern Fleurieu Peninsula, and the Coorong of the southern-central area of the state of South Australia. The term ''Ngarrindjeri'' means "belonging to men", and refers to a "tribal constellation". The Ngarrindjeri actually comprised several distinct if closely related tribal groups, including the Jarildekald people, Jarildekald, Tanganekald people, Tanganekald, Meintangk people, Meintangk and Ramindjeri, who began to form a unified cultural bloc after remnants of each separate community congregated at Raukkan, South Australia (formerly Point McLeay Mission). A descendant of these peoples, Irene Watson, has argued that the notion of Ngarrindjeri identity is a cultural construct imposed by settler colonialists, who bundled together and conflated a variety of distinct Aboriginal cultural and kinship groups into one homogenised pattern, now known as Ngarrindjeri. Historical designa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngarrindjeri Language
Ngarrindjeri, also written Narrinyeri, Ngarinyeri and other variants, is the language of the Ngarrindjeri and related peoples of southern South Australia. Five dialects have been distinguished by a 2002 study: Warki, Tanganekald, Ramindjeri, Portaulun and Yaraldi (or Yaralde Tingar). Ngarrindjerri is Pama–Nyungan. McDonald (2002) distinguishes five dialects: Warki, Tanganekald, Ramindjeri, Portaulun and Yaraldi. Bowern (2011) lists the Yaraldi, Ngarrindjeri, and Ramindjeri varieties as separate languages. Tanganekald, also known as Thangal, is now extinct. Name Linguist Ghil'ad Zuckermann suggests that the original pronunciation of ''Ngarrindjeri'' had two distinct rhotic consonants: the first was ''rr'' (as in Italian) and the second was ''r'' (as in English). Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2020), ''Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond''Oxford University Press / However, in revitalized Ngarrindjeri, both rhotics "are pronounced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanganekald People
The Tanganekald people were or are an Aboriginal Australian people of South Australia, today classed as part of the Ngarrindjeri nation. The clan name Milmenrura (also spelt Milmendura, Milmendjuri, or Milmendjeri) was often used in the early days of the colony of South Australia to mean the whole tribe, in particular in association with the Maria massacre, in which 25 or 26 shipwrecked survivors of the brig ''Maria'' were massacred by local people on the Coorong. Country The Tanganekald lay to the southeast of the Jarildekald people, Jarildekald (aka Yaralde) and occupied , predominantly about the narrow coastal strip along Coorong. Norman Tindale gives the following precise locations, based on detailed work with his informant, Clarence Long (''Milerum''), the last full blooded adult survivor of the Tangane. from Middleton south to Twelve Mile Point (north of Kingston SE, Kingston); inland only to about inner margin of first inland swamp and dune terrace, the Woakwine or 25 foo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Massacre
''Maria'' was a brigantine of 136 tons, built in Dublin, Ireland, and launched in 1823 as a passenger ship. On 26 June 1840 she sailed from Port Adelaide under orders for Hobart. ''Maria'' was commanded by William Ettrick Smith. With Smith sailed a mate, a crew of eight men and boys, and 16 passengers: four men, six women, five children, and a baby in arms. She wrecked on the Margaret Brock Reef, near Cape Jaffa in the colony of South Australia, somewhere south-west of the current site of the town of Kingston SE, South Australia, two days later. The wreck has never been located. Aboriginal Australians, Aboriginal people on the Coorong murdered some or all of the survivors of the wreck as they journeyed to Adelaide, an event known as the Maria massacre. There were no eyewitness accounts of the killings, and accounts vary as to whether there were 25 or 26 victims; either way, it was the largest massacre of colonists by Aboriginal people in Australia. A punitive expedition, settin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramindjeri
The Ramindjeri or Raminjeri people were an Aboriginal Australian people forming part of the ''Kukabrak'' grouping now otherwise known as the Ngarrindjeri people. They were the most westerly Ngarrindjeri, living in the area around Encounter Bay and Goolwa in southern South Australia, including Victor Harbor and Port Elliot. In modern native title actions a much more extensive territory has been claimed. Country and naming Ramindjeri Heritage Association Inc asserts historical territory including Karta (Kangaroo Island) and the whole southern portion of the Fleurieu Peninsula, extending as far north as Noarlunga or even the River Torrens. However, the claimed territory overlaps a significant portion of the territory claimed by both the neighbouring Ngarrindjeri to the east and the Kaurna to the west, in their Federal Court Native Title Claims Registered respectively in 1998 and 2000. Linguistic evidence suggests that the "Aborigines" encountered by Colonel Light at Rapid Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stromateidae
The family Stromateidae or butterfish contains 15 species of ray-finned fish in three genera. Butterfishes live in coastal waters off the Americas, western Africa and in the Indo-Pacific. The endemic New Zealand species '' Odax pullus'' is commonly called butterfish, but is from a separate family Odacidae. The Japanese butterfish ''Psenopsis anomala'' is from the separate family Centrolophidae. The African butter catfish is also known as the butter fish. In South Australia, the ''Argyrosomus japonicus'' is commonly called butterfish as well. Species * Genus '' Pampus'' ** Silver or white pomfret, '' Pampus argenteus'' (Euphrasen, 1788); Synonym: ''P. cinereus'' (Bloch, 1795). ** Chinese silver pomfret, '' Pampus chinensis'' (Euphrasen, 1788): ** '' Pampus echinogaster'' (Basilewsky, 1855). ** Southern lesser pomfret, '' Pampus minor'' Liu & Li, 1998. ** '' Pampus punctatissimus'' ( Temminck & Schlegel, 1845). * Genus '' Peprilus'' ** Gulf butterfish, '' Peprilus burti' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rakali
The rakali (''Hydromys chrysogaster''), also known as the rabe, the "Australian otter" or water-rat, is an Australian native rodent first scientifically described in 1804. Adoption of the Ngarrindjeri name ''rakali'' is intended to foster a positive public attitude by Environment Australia. One of four described species in the genus '' Hydromys'', it is the only one with a range extending beyond New Guinea. Having adapted to and colonised a unique niche of a semiaquatic and nocturnal lifestyle, this species lives in burrows on the banks of rivers, lakes and estuaries and feeds on aquatic insects, fish, crustaceans, mussels, snails, frogs, bird's eggs and small water birds. Rakali have a body length of , weigh , and have a thick tail measuring around . Females are generally smaller than males but tail lengths are normally the same. They have partially webbed hind legs, waterproof fur, a flattened head, a long blunt nose, many whiskers and small ears and eyes. The body is streamlin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelican
Pelicans (genus ''Pelecanus'') are a genus of large water birds that make up the family Pelecanidae. They are characterized by a long beak and a large throat pouch used for catching prey and draining water from the scooped-up contents before swallowing. They have predominantly pale plumage, except for the Brown pelican, brown and Peruvian pelicans. The bills, pouches, and bare facial skin of all pelicans become brightly coloured before the breeding season. The eight living pelican species have a patchy, seasonally-dependent yet global distribution, ranging latitude, latitudinally from the tropics to the temperate zone. Pelicans are absent from interior Amazon Rainforest, Amazonian South America, from polar regions and the open ocean; at least one species is known to migrate to the inland desert of Australia's Red Centre, after heavy rains create temporary lakes. White pelicans are also observed at the American state of Utah's Great Salt Lake, for example, some 600 miles (965&n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silver Bream
Silver bream is the common name of several species of fish: * ''Blicca bjoerkna'' (white bream), freshwater species of cyprinids from Europe and Western Asia * ''Acanthopagrus australis'' (surf bream), marine and freshwater species of sea bream from eastern Australia * ''Acanthopagrus berda'' (goldsilk seabream), marine species of sea bream from the Indian Ocean * ''Acanthopagrus butcheri'' (southern black bream), marine and freshwater species of sea bream from southern Australia * ''Rhabdosargus sarba'' (goldlined seabream), marine species of sea bream from the Indo-West Pacific * ''Bidyanus bidyanus'' (silver perch), freshwater species of grunters endemic to the Murray–Darling river system in southeastern Australia * '' Bidyanus welchi'' (Welch's grunter), freshwater species of grunters from Australia * '' Pseudocaranx dentex'' (white trevally), marine species of jack widespread in tropical and warm temperate waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, as well as the Medit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurasian Coot
The Eurasian coot (''Fulica atra''), also known as the common coot, or Australian coot, is a member of the rail and crake bird family, the Rallidae. It is found in Europe, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and parts of North Africa. It has a slaty-black body, a glossy black head and a white bill with a white frontal shield. The sexes are similar. Similar looking coot species are found throughout the world, with the largest variety of coot species living in South America. Taxonomy The Eurasian coot was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his ''Systema Naturae'' under its current binomial name ''Fulica atra''. Linnaeus specified the locality as Europe but this is now restricted to Sweden. The binomial name is from Latin: ''Fulica'' means 'coot', and ''atra'' means 'black'. Four subspecies are recognised: * ''F. a. atra'' Linnaeus, 1758 – Europe and north Africa to Japan, India, southeast Asia, Philippines and Borneo * ''F. a. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aboriginal Australian
Aboriginal Australians are the various indigenous peoples of the Australian mainland and many of its islands, excluding the ethnically distinct people of the Torres Strait Islands. Humans first migrated to Australia 50,000 to 65,000 years ago, and over time formed as many as 500 language-based groups. In the past, Aboriginal people lived over large sections of the continental shelf. They were isolated on many of the smaller offshore islands and Tasmania when the land was inundated at the start of the Holocene inter-glacial period, about 11,700 years ago. Despite this, Aboriginal people maintained extensive networks within the continent and certain groups maintained relationships with Torres Strait Islanders and the Makassar people of modern-day Indonesia. Over the millennia, Aboriginal people developed complex trade networks, inter-cultural relationships, law and religions, which make up some of the oldest, and possibly ''the'' oldest, continuous cultures in the world ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiliqua Rugosa
''Tiliqua rugosa'', most commonly known as the shingleback skink, stumptail skink or bobtail lizard, is a short-tailed, slow-moving species of blue-tongued skink (genus ''Tiliqua'') endemic to Australia. It is commonly known as the shingleback (lizard), potato lizard or sleepy lizard. Three of its four recognised subspecies are found in Western Australia, where the ''bobtail'' name is most frequently used. The fourth subspecies, ''T. rugosa asper,'' is the only one native to eastern Australia, where it goes by the common name of the eastern shingleback. Apart from bobtail and shingleback, a variety of other common names are used in different states, including two-headed skink, stumpy lizard, stumpy-tailed skink, or , pinecone lizard. The Noongar Aboriginal people refer to ''rugosa'' as ''yoorn'' in their language. ''T. rugosa'' has a short, wide, stumpy tail that resembles its head and may serve the purpose of confusing predators. The tail also contains fat reserves, which ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
