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YWHAQ
14-3-3 protein theta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''YWHAQ'' gene. Function This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins that mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highly conserved protein family is found in both plants and mammals, and this protein is 99% identical to the mouse and rat orthologs. This gene is upregulated in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It contains in its 5' UTR a 6 bp tandem repeat sequence that is polymorphic; however, there is no correlation between the repeat number and the disease. Interactions YWHAQ has been shown to interact with: * BAX, * BAD, * C-Raf, * CRTC2, * CBL * HDAC5, * MEF2D, * NRIP1, * PFKFB2, * PRKD1, * PRKCZ, * TERT Tert may refer to: * ''tert''-, a chemical descriptor prefix used to designate tertiary atoms in molecules * Telomerase reverse transcriptase Telomerase reverse transcriptase (abbreviated to TERT, or hTERT in humans) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14-3-3
14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved regulatory molecules that are expressed in all eukaryotic cells. 14-3-3 proteins have the ability to bind a multitude of functionally diverse signaling proteins, including kinases, phosphatases, and transmembrane receptors. More than 200 signaling proteins have been reported as 14-3-3 ligands. Elevated amounts of 14-3-3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid are usually a sign of rapid neurodegeneration; a common indicator of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Properties Seven genes encode seven distinct 14-3-3 proteins in most mammals (See ''Human genes'' below) and 13-15 genes in many higher plants, though typically in fungi they are present only in pairs. Protists have at least one. Eukaryotes can tolerate the loss of a single 14-3-3 gene if multiple genes are expressed, but deletion of all 14-3-3s (as experimentally determined in yeast) results in death. 14-3-3 proteins are structurally similar to the Tetratrico Peptide Repeat (TPR) superfam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UCP3
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UCP3'' gene. The gene is located in chromosome (11q13.4) with an exon count of 7 (HGNC et al., 2016) and is expressed on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Uncoupling proteins transfer anions from the inner mitochondrial membrane to the outer mitochondrial membrane, thereby separating (or uncoupling) oxidative phosphorylation from synthesis of ATP, and dissipating energy stored in the mitochondrial membrane potential as heat. Uncoupling proteins also reduce generation of reactive oxygen species. Gene This gene has tissue-specific transcription initiation with other transcription initiation sites upstream of SM-1 (major skeletal muscle site). Chromosomal order is 5'-UCP3- UCP2-3'. Two splice variants have been found for this gene. UCP3 were confirmed containing four single nucleotide polymorphism rs1800849, rs11235972, rs1726745 and rs3781907. There was high impact score of rs11235972 GG genotype ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cbl Gene
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CBL is an enzyme that is humans is encoded by the ''CBL'' (Casitas B-lineage Lymphoma) gene. ''CBL'' gene is the founding member the Cbl family. The protein CBL which is an Ubiquitin ligase, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in cell signalling and protein ubiquitination. Mutations to this gene have been implicated in a number of human cancers, particularly acute myeloid leukaemia. Discovery In 1989 a virally encoded portion of the chromosomal mouse ''Cbl'' gene was the first member of the Cbl family to be discovered and was named ''v-Cbl'' to distinguish it from normal mouse ''c-Cbl''. The virus used in the experiment was a mouse-tropic strain of Murine leukemia virus isolated from the brain of a mouse captured at Lake Casitas, California known as ''Cas-Br-M'', and was found to have excised approximately a third of the original ''c-Cbl'' gene from a mouse into which it was injected. Sequencing revealed that the portion carried by the retrovirus e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (abbreviated to TERT, or hTERT in humans) is a catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, which, together with the telomerase RNA component (TERC), comprises the most important unit of the telomerase complex. Telomerases are part of a distinct subgroup of RNA-dependent polymerases. Telomerase lengthens telomeres in DNA strands, thereby allowing senescent cells that would otherwise become postmitotic and undergo apoptosis to exceed the Hayflick limit and become potentially immortal, as is often the case with cancerous cells. To be specific, TERT is responsible for catalyzing the addition of nucleotides in a TTAGGG sequence to the ends of a chromosome's telomeres. This addition of repetitive DNA sequences prevents degradation of the chromosomal ends following multiple rounds of replication. hTERT absence (usually as a result of a chromosomal mutation) is associated with the disorder Cri du chat. Function Telomerase is a ribonucleopr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Kinase Mζ
Protein kinase C, zeta (PKCζ), also known as PRKCZ, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the ''PRKCZ'' gene. The PRKCZ gene encodes at least two alternative transcripts, the full-length PKCζ and an N-terminal truncated form PKMζ. PKMζ is thought to be responsible for maintaining long-term memories in the brain. The importance of PKCζ in the creation and maintenance of long-term potentiation was first described by Todd Sacktor and his colleagues at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center in 1993. Structure PKC-zeta has an N-terminal regulatory domain, followed by a hinge region and a C-terminal catalytic domain. Second messengers stimulate PKCs by binding to the regulatory domain, translocating the enzyme from cytosol to membrane, and producing a conformational change that removes auto-inhibition of the PKC catalytic protein kinase activity. PKM-zeta, a brain-specific isoform of PKC-zeta generated from an alternative transcript, lacks the regulatory region of full-length P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Kinase D1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PRKD1'' gene. Function Members of the protein kinase D (PKD) family function in many extracellular receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways. The PRKCM gene encodes a cytosolic serine-threonine kinase that binds to the trans-Golgi network and regulates the fission of transport carriers specifically destined to the cell surface. upplied by OMIMref name="entrez" /> Interactions Protein kinase D1 has been shown to interact with: * Bruton's tyrosine kinase Bruton's tyrosine kinase (abbreviated Btk or BTK), also known as tyrosine-protein kinase BTK, is a tyrosine kinase that is encoded by the ''BTK'' gene in humans. BTK plays a crucial role in B cell development. Structure BTK contains five di ..., * C1QBP, * Centaurin, alpha 1, * Metallothionein 2A, and * YWHAQ. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * EC 2.7.11 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PFKFB2
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PFKFB2'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in both the synthesis and degradation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, a regulatory molecule that controls glycolysis in eukaryotes. The encoded protein has a 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase activity that catalyzes the synthesis of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate, and a fructose-2,6-biphosphatase activity that catalyzes the degradation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. This protein regulates fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels in the heart, while a related enzyme encoded by a different gene regulates fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels in the liver and muscle. This enzyme functions as a homodimer. Two transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. Interactions PFKFB2 has been shown to interact with YWHAQ 14-3-3 protein theta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''YWHAQ'' gene. Function This gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NRIP1
Nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 (NRIP1) also known as receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NRIP1'' gene. Function Nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 (NRIP1) is a nuclear protein that specifically interacts with the hormone-dependent activation domain AF2 of nuclear receptors. Also known as RIP140, this protein is a key regulator which modulates transcriptional activity of a variety of transcription factors, including the estrogen receptor. RIP140 has an important role in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, and regulates gene expression in metabolic tissues including heart, skeletal muscle, and liver. A major role for RIP140 in adipose tissue is to block the expression of genes involved in energy dissipation and mitochondrial uncoupling, including uncoupling protein 1 and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b. Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRa) can activate RIP140 during adipogenesis, by means of direct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MEF2D
Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MEF2D'' gene. Interactions MEF2D has been shown to interact with: * CABIN1, * EP300, * MAPK7, * Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2A, * NFATC2 * Sp1 transcription factor Transcription factor Sp1, also known as specificity protein 1* is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SP1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich motifs of many p ..., and * YWHAQ. See also * Mef2 References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * {{Transcription factors, g4 Transcription factors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Histone Deacetylase 5
Histone deacetylase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''HDAC5'' gene. Function Histones play a critical role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, and developmental events. Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the class II histone deacetylase/acuc/apha family. It possesses histone deacetylase activity and represses transcription when tethered to a promoter. It coimmunoprecipitates only with HDAC3 family member and might form multicomplex proteins. It also interacts with myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) proteins, resulting in repression of MEF2-dependent genes. This gene is thought to be associated with colon cancer. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. AMP-activated protein kinase regulation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 occurs by phosphorylation of HDAC5. HDAC5 is involved in memo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CRTC2
CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2, also known as CRTC2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CRTC2 gene. Function CRTC2, initially called TORC2, is a transcriptional coactivator for the transcription factor CREB and a central regulator of gluconeogenic gene expression in response to cAMP. CRTC2 is thought to drive tumorigenesis in STK11(LKB1)-null non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Interactions CRTC2 has been shown to interact with SNF1LK2 and YWHAQ 14-3-3 protein theta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''YWHAQ'' gene. Function This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins that mediate signal transduction by binding to phosphoserine-containing proteins. This highl .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * * * * Gene expression Transcription coregulators {{gene-1-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
C-Raf
RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase, also known as proto-oncogene c-RAF or simply c-Raf or even Raf-1, is an enzyme that in humans is genetic code, encoded by the ''RAF1'' gene. The c-Raf protein is part of the MAPK/ERK pathway, ERK1/2 pathway as a MAP kinase (MAP3K) that functions downstream of the Ras subfamily of membrane associated GTPases. C-Raf is a member of the Raf kinase family of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases, from the TKL (Tyrosine-kinase-like) group of kinases. Discovery The first Raf gene, v-Raf was found in 1983. It was isolated from the murine retrovirus bearing the number 3611. It was soon demonstrated to be capable to transform rodent fibroblasts to cancerous Immortalised cell line, cell lines, so this gene was given the name Virus-induced Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma (V-RAF). A year later, another transforming gene was found in the avian retrovirus MH2, named v-Mil - that turned out to be highly similar to v-Raf. Researchers were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
