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Wiranatakusumah V
Wiranatakusumah V (Van Ophuijsen Spelling System, EVO: Wiranatakoesoemah V; 23 November 1888 – 22 January 1965) was an Indonesian noble and politician. He served as the first and only Wali Negara of Pasundan, during the Indonesian National Revolution. He also served as the first List of Ministers of Home Affairs (Indonesia), Minister of Home Affairs and the second chairman of the Supreme Advisory Council. He was born on 23 November 1888. He was educated at the Europeesche Lagere School (ELS), the Hogere Burgerschool (HBS), and later the Opleiding School Voor Inlandsche Ambtenaren (OSVIA). His first career in government began when he was a clerk at Wedana Tanjungsari, Sumedang in 1910. One year later, he became a Police Mantri in Cibadak, Sukabumi, and continued with the same position in Sukapura, Tasikmalaya. In 1912, he became Assistant Wedana of Obeureum, Tasikmalaya, before being appointed Regent of Cianjur from 1912 to 1920, and Regent of Bandung from 1920 to 1931 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Priyayi
''Priyayi'' (also spelled ''Priayi''; Van Ophuijsen Spelling System, former spelling: ''Prijaji'') was the Dutch East Indies, Dutch-era class of the nobles of the robe, as opposed to royal nobility or ''List of Surakarta and Yogyakarta nobility titles, ningrat'' (Javanese language, Javanese), in Java, Indonesia. ''Priyayi'' is a Javanese word originally denoting the descendants of the ''adipati'' or governors, the first of whom were appointed in the 17th century by the Sultan Agung of Mataram to administer the principalities he had conquered. Initially court officials in pre-colonial kingdoms, the ''priyayi'' moved into the colonial civil service and then on to administrators of the modern Indonesian Republic. Pre-colonial period The Mataram Sultanate, an Islamic polity in south-central Java that reached its peak in the 17th century, developed a Kraton (Indonesia), ''kraton'' ("court") culture from which the Sultan emerged as a charismatic figure who ruled over a relatively ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (; ), was a Dutch Empire, Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, declared independence on 17 August 1945. Following the Indonesian National Revolution, Indonesian War of Independence, Indonesia and the Netherlands Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, made peace in 1949. In the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, the Dutch ceded the governorate of Dutch Malacca to Britain, leading to its eventual incorporation into Malacca, Malacca (state) of modern Malaysia. The Dutch East Indies was formed from the nationalised Factory (trading post), trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Batavian Republic, Dutch government in 1800. During the 19th century, the Dutch fought Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, many wars against indigenous rulers and peoples, which caused hundreds of thousands of d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proclamation Of Indonesian Independence
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence (, or simply ''Proklamasi'') was read at 10:00 Tokyo Standard Time on Friday 17 August 1945 in Jakarta. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially acknowledged Indonesia's independence in 1949. The document was signed by Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, who were appointed president and vice-president respectively the following day. The date of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was made a public holiday by a government decree issued on 18 June 1946. Background The beginnings of the independence movement In 1918, the Dutch authorities in the Dutch East Indies established a partly-elected People's Council, the '' Volksraad'', which for the first time gave Indonesian nationalists a voice. Meanwhile, Indonesian students studying in the Netherlands formed the Perhimpo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tasikmalaya
Tasikmalaya (also known as Tasik) is a landlocked city in West Java, Indonesia. The city is sometimes dubbed ''kota santri'' (city of religious learners) or "the City of a Thousand Pesantrens" for its abundance of Islamic boarding schools. Located around southeast from the provincial capital of Bandung, Tasikmalaya is passed by Indonesian National Route 3. The city is located in the mountainous Priangan region of Java at an elevation of 351 metres (1,151 feet). The population of the city (excluding the Tasikmalaya Regency, which surrounds the city to the west, south and east) was 634,948 according to the 2010 census,Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and increased to 716,155 at the 2020 census;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 741,760 (comprising 375,737 males and 366,023 females).Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, ''Kota Tasikmalaya Dalam Angka 2024'' (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3278) Its built-up (''or metro'') area (m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukabumi
Sukabumi () is a landlocked city surrounded by the Sukabumi Regency, regency of the same name (within which it is an enclave and exclave, enclave) in the southern foothills of Mount Gede, in West Java, Indonesia, about south of the national capital, Jakarta. At an altitude of approximately , the city is a minor hill station resort, with a cooler climate than the surrounding lowlands. The area around Sukabumi is also a popular destination for whitewater rafting. Tea and Rubber production is a major industry in the area. The suburban area surrounding Sukabumi circling the mountain has grown tremendously in population, such that northern Sukabumi Regency, hugging the volcano, and bordering Greater Jakarta, is home to the bulk of the Sukabumi Regency, regency's population. The area of the city is 48.31 km2, and the population at the 2010 Census was 300,359,Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. while the 2020 Census was 346,325;Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. the official ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumedang
Sumedang (former spelling: Soemedang) is a town in Western Java, Indonesia, approximately 46 km northeast of Bandung. It is the capital of Sumedang Regency. The town is just south of the volcanic Mount Tampomas, which is 1,684 m (5,525 ft) high and is usually climbed from Cimalaka District, 7 km from Sumedang. Sumedang's museum, Prabu Geusan Ulun, houses a collection of traditional Sundanese weaponry, as well as some crown jewels and other finery. It is on Geusan Ulun Road. The town is famous for '' Sumedang tofu'', a local variety of deep-fried tofu that was first made by a Chinese immigrant, Ong Kino. In the district surrounding the town lies Cadas Pangeran, a section of the trans-Java postal road constructed on the order of Dutch governor Willem Daendels during the first quarter of the 19th century. The section is famous due to the difficulty during the construction, which required blasting of a mountainside. Hence "cadas" which means mountain rock ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hogere Burgerschool
The ''Hogere Burgerschool'' (''HBS'') (Dutch: Higher Civic School) was a secondary school type that existed between 1863 and 1974 in the Netherlands and the Dutch Empire. These schools, with a five- or sometimes six-year program, continued in 1968 as VWO. The last HBS diplomas were given out in 1974. History The HBS is a mid-19th-century creation by the liberal politician Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, and resulted from the law on secondary education enacted in May 1863. Along with the creation of ''burgerscholen'' in each city of more than 10,000 inhabitants, the HBS was intended as a practically oriented education for higher functions in industry and trade. It was explicitly not intended as a sufficient education to enter university. According to historian Hans Verhage the form "''hogere-burgerschool''" (the hyphen indicating that ''hogere'', "higher", modifies ''burger'', "citizen") is linguistically correct, since it was a schooling system geared toward higher-ranked citizens, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europeesche Lagere School
Europeesche Lagere School (ELS) was a European elementary school system in what was then the Dutch East Indies during colonial rule. The schools were intended primarily for Europeans. The implementation of basic education at that time was differentiated between basic education for European children and indigenous children, so there was a primary school for a European child (''Lager Onderwijs en Lagere School voor Europeanen'') and an elementary school for native and foreign Eastern children attending the ELS. Although special requirements were established, in 1902 the name Europeesche Lagere Scholen was used for European children's primary schools. It means to eliminate the impression that this school is solely for Europeans. Having been established for the first time in Weltevreden (Batavia), Weltevreden (Jatinegara), the ELS was growing more and more in number. In 1820 there were only seven schools, and in 1845 there were 24 schools. Then, the number of schools grew up to 68 i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian National Revolution
The Indonesian National Revolution (), also known as the Indonesian War of Independence (, ), was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during Aftermath of WWII, postwar and Dutch East Indies#World War II and independence, postcolonial Indonesia. It took place between Indonesian Declaration of Independence, Indonesia's declaration of independence in 1945 and the Netherlands' Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, transfer of sovereignty over the Dutch East Indies to the Republic of the United States of Indonesia at the end of 1949. The four-year struggle involved sporadic but bloody armed conflict, internal Indonesian political and communal upheavals, and two major international diplomatic interventions. Dutch military forces (and, for a while, the forces of the World War II Allies, World War II allies) were able to control the major towns, cities and industrial assets in Repu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Van Ophuijsen Spelling System
The Van Ophuijsen Spelling System (, EVO) was the Romanized standard orthography for the Indonesian language from 1901 to 1947. Before the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was in force, the Malay language (and consequently Indonesian) in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) did not have a standardized spelling, or was written in the Jawi script. In 1947, the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was replaced by the Republican Spelling System. History Prof. , who devised the orthography, was a Dutch linguist. He was a former inspector in a school at Bukittinggi, West Sumatra in the 1890s, before he became a professor of the Malay language at Leiden University in the Netherlands. Together with two native assistants, Engku Nawawi and Mohammed Taib Sultan Ibrahim, he published the new orthography on ''Kitab Logat Malajoe: Woordenlijst voor Spelling der Maleische Taal'' in 1901, and published a second book, ''Maleische Spraakkunst'', in 1910. The latter was translated by T.W. Kamil into ''Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politician
A politician is a person who participates in Public policy, policy-making processes, usually holding an elective position in government. Politicians represent the people, make decisions, and influence the formulation of public policy. The roles or duties that politicians must perform vary depending on the level of government they serve, whether Local government, local, national, or international. The ideological orientation that politicians adopt often stems from their previous experience, education, beliefs, the political parties they belong to, or public opinion. Politicians sometimes face many challenges and mistakes that may affect their credibility and ability to persuade. These mistakes include political corruption resulting from their misuse and exploitation of power to achieve their interests, which requires them to prioritize the public interest and develop long-term strategies. Challenges include how to keep up with the development of social media and confronting biase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syarifah Nawawi
Syarifah Nawawi (1896–1988) was an Indonesian activist and educationist. Nawawi worked to promote educational reform in the Dutch East Indies and later Indonesia, placing special emphasis on women's and children's education. Biography Nawawi was born in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, then part of the Dutch East Indies. She was the daughter of Nawawi Soetan Makmoer, himself a strong advocate for educational reform in Sumatra. She was educated at the European-style Kweekschool in Bukittinggi, where her father worked as a teacher. She graduated in 1916, and in doing so became one of the first Minangkabau woman to receive a western education. She moved to Battavia and worked as a teacher, eventually marrying Wiranatakusumah V. The couple had three children before Wiranatakusumah divorced Nawawi in 1924, an act which caused a minor scandal; Nawawi's daughter, Mien Soedarpo (1924–2013) would become a prominent independence activist. Nawawi returned to Bukittinggi after her divorc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
