, nickname = id, Kota Santri
en, City of Learners , image_map = Map of West Java highlighting Sukabumi City.svg , map_caption = Location within

West Java West Java ( id, Jawa Barat, su, ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪, romanized ''Jawa Kulon'') is a province of Indonesia on the western part of the island of Java, with its provincial capital in Bandung. West Java is bordered by the province of Bante ...

, mapsize = , pushpin_map = Indonesia_Java#Indonesia , pushpin_label = Sukabumi City , pushpin_label_position = right , pushpin_map_caption = Location in

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mo ...

and

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

, coordinates = , coor_pinpoint = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type =

Country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, whil ...

, subdivision_name = , subdivision_type2 =

Province A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outsi ...

, subdivision_name2 = ---- , subdivision_type3 = Historic residency , subdivision_name3 = Priangan Residency

Buitenzorg Residency Buitenzorg Residency ( nl, Residentie Buitenzorg) was an administrative division (Residency) of the Dutch East Indies located in western Java which existed from 1817 to 1867 and from 1925 to 1942. Its seat was at Buitenzorg (today Bogor, Indonesia) ...

, established_title = Settled , established_date = 1709 , established_title1 = Consolidated , established_date1 = 1 April 1914
(as '' Gemeente Soekaboemi'') , government_footnotes = , government_type = , governing_body = Sukabumi City Government , leader_title = Mayor , leader_name = Achmad Fahmi , leader_title1 = Vice Mayor , leader_name1 = Andri Setiawan Hamami , total_type = Total , unit_pref = Metric , area_footnotes = , area_total_km2 = 48.33 , area_land_km2 = , area_water_km2 = 4.815 , area_metro_km2 = , elevation_footnotes = , elevation_m = 584 , elevation_ft = , population_footnotes = , population_rank = 37th, Indonesia , population_density_km2 = auto , population_total = 350804 , population_as_of = mid 2021 estimate , population_demonym = Sukabumian
Warga Sukabumi ( id)
Urang Sukabumi ( su) , timezone1 = Indonesia Western Time , utc_offset1 = +7 , timezone1_DST = , utc_offset1_DST = , postal_code_type = Postcodes , postal_code = 431xx , area_code_type =

Area code A telephone numbering plan is a type of numbering scheme used in telecommunication to assign telephone numbers to subscriber telephones or other telephony endpoints. Telephone numbers are the addresses of participants in a telephone network, re ...

, area_code = (+62)266 , registration_plate_type = Registration plate , registration_plate = F , blank_name_sec1 = HDI , blank_info_sec1 = 0.742 () , blank_name_sec2 = Largest

district A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municipa ...

by area , blank_info_sec2 = Lembursitu – , blank1_name_sec2 = Largest district by population , blank1_info_sec2 = Cikole (61,885 – 2020 Census) , website = Sukabumi ( su, ) is a landlocked city surrounded by the regency of the same name (

enclave An enclave is a territory (or a small territory apart of a larger one) that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state or entity. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is sometimes used improperly to deno ...

) in the southern foothills of Mount Gede, in

, about south of the national capital, Jakarta. At an altitude of approximately , the city is a minor

hill station A hill station is a town located at a higher elevation than the nearby plain or valley. The term was used mostly in colonial Asia (particularly in India), but also in Africa (albeit rarely), for towns founded by European colonialists as refuges ...

resort, with a cooler climate than the surrounding lowlands. The area around Sukabumi is also a popular destination for

whitewater rafting Rafting and whitewater rafting are recreational outdoor activities which use an inflatable raft to navigate a river or other body of water. This is often done on whitewater or different degrees of rough water. Dealing with risk is often ...

. Tea and

Rubber Rubber, also called India rubber, latex, Amazonian rubber, ''caucho'', or ''caoutchouc'', as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds. Thailand, Malaysia, a ...

production is a major industry in the area. The suburban area surrounding Sukabumi circling the mountain has grown tremendously in population, such that northern Sukabumi Regency, hugging the volcano, and bordering Greater Jakarta, is home to the bulk of the

regency A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state '' pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy ...

's population. The area of the city is 48.33 km², and the population at the 2010 Census was 300,359, while the 2020 Census was 346,325; the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 350,804. However, some 1.8 million people, as of the 2010 census figures, live in the surrounding metropolitan area. The bulk of the metro area population is unusual in that it forms a narrow southwest ring around Mount Gede. The eastern portion of the ringed population belt continues on to Cianjur Regency.

History

Early history

The area around Sukabumi was already inhabited at least in the 11th century. The first written record found in this area was the Sanghyang Tapak inscription in Cibadak, 20 km west of the city. Written in

Kawi script The Kawi or or Old Javanese script is a Brahmic script found primarily in Java and used across much of Maritime Southeast Asia between the 8th century and the 16th century.Aditya Bayu Perdana and Ilham Nurwansah 2020Proposal to encode Kawi/ ...

, the stone tells about the prohibition of fishing activity in the nearby river by the authorities of the

Sunda Kingdom The Sunda Kingdom ( su, , Karajaan Sunda, ) was a Sundanese Hindu kingdom located in the western portion of the island of Java from 669 to around 1579, covering the area of present-day Banten, Jakarta, West Java, and the western part of Cen ...

. At the end of the 16th century, the area was captured by the

Banten Sultanate The Banten Sultanate (كسلطانن بنتن) was a Bantenese Islamic trading kingdom founded in the 16th century and centred in Banten, a port city on the northwest coast of Java; the contemporary English name of both was Bantam. It is sa ...

, after the fall of the

. The area however became contested in the 1620s between Banten, the

Mataram Sultanate The Sultanate of Mataram () was the last major independent Javanese kingdom on the island of Java before it was colonised by the Dutch. It was the dominant political force radiating from the interior of Central Java from the late 16th cent ...

in the east and the Batavia-based

Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock c ...

. After a series of military clashes between them, the area was included in a buffer zone territory between Banten and Mataram, although the area is considered ''de jure'' as a part of Mataram. In 1677, after the Dutch forced Mataram to sign a series of unequal treaties as a consequence of Dutch assistance for quelling the

Trunajaya rebellion The Trunajaya rebellion (also spelled Trunojoyo; id, Pemberontakan Trunajaya) or Trunajaya War was the ultimately unsuccessful rebellion waged by the Madurese prince Trunajaya and fighters from Makassar against the Mataram Sultanate and it ...

, Sukabumi came under direct control of Tjiandjoer. By that time, there were only few rural Sundanese settlements existed, one of the largest was Tjikole.

Colonial Sukabumi

Sukabumi Coffee Plantations

The area around the present-day Sukabumi (or Soekaboemi in

Van Ophuijsen Spelling System The Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was used as the orthography for the Indonesian language from 1901 to 1947. Before the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was in force, the Malay language (and consequently Indonesian) in the Dutch East Indies (now ...

) began to develop in the 18th century when the

started to open coffee plantation areas in the western Priangan region of

. Due to the high demands of coffee in Europe, in the year of 1709 the Dutch governor-general Abraham van Riebeeck started to open coffee plantations around the area of Tjibalagoeng (present-day

Bogor Bogor ( su, , nl, Buitenzorg) is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide.Tjiandjoer, Djogdjogan, Pondok Kopo, and Goenoeng Goeroeh. Coffee plantations in these five areas had then undergone expansion and intensification during the era of Hendrick Zwaardecroon (1718–1725), where the Tjiandjoer regent at that time Wira Tanoe III acquired territorial expansion of his regency as a compensation for more coffee plantations openings. The growth of Goenoeng Goeroeh coffee plantation led to the establishment of small settlements around its area, one of those was the Tjikole (Cikole) hamlet, named after the nearby Tjikole River. In 1776, regent of Tjiandjoer Wira Tanoe Datar VI established the Tjikole Viceregency which were the indirect predecessor of the present-day Sukabumi Regency. The viceregency consisted of six districts of Djampang Koelon, Djampang Tengah, Goenoeng Parang, Tjiheoelang, Tjimahi, and Tjitjoeroeg. The administrative center was located in Tjikole, due to its very strategic locations for communications between Batavia and Tjiandjoer which were the capital of the Priangan Residency at that time.

Tjikole becomes Soekaboemi

After the Dutch East Indies were under the rule of the British in 1811, vast lands in the Tjikole area were bought by

Stamford Raffles Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (5 July 1781 – 5 July 1826) was a British statesman who served as the Lieutenant-Governor of the Dutch East Indies between 1811 and 1816, and Lieutenant-Governor of Bencoolen between 1818 and 1824. He i ...

, the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies at that time, via an auction held in Batavia. The name Soekaboemi was first used on 1815, when a Priangan-based plantation owner (known then as ''Preanger Planter'') and surgeon, Andries de Wilde visited Tjikole in 1814. From his consultations with local people, De Wilde wrote a letter to Nicolaus Engelhard, a friend and plantation investor, where de Wilde asked Engelhard to propose a

name change Name change is the legal act by a person of adopting a new name different from their current name. The procedures and ease of a name change vary between jurisdictions. In general, common law jurisdictions have loose procedures for a name chang ...

of the viceregency from Tjikole to Soekaboemi, to which Raffles agreed. In Dutch colonial times, Sukabumi was the site of ''Politieschool'', the colonial police academy. During the Japanese occupation of Indonesia during the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

, the Japanese had created a strategic garrison in

Ujung Genteng Ujung Genteng is a village in an area of Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark the National Geopark in the Sukabumi Regency in West Java, Indonesia, about 80 Kilometers from Sukabumi. Ujung Genteng is famous for its Green Turtle nature reserve, beautiful ...

, part of the South Sukabumi Regency. Remains of the harbor and lookout towers at the end of this peninsula are still in place, along with the caves that the Japanese lived and died in towards the end of the war.

is directly North of

Christmas Island Christmas Island, officially the Territory of Christmas Island, is an Australian external territory comprising the island of the same name. It is located in the Indian Ocean, around south of Java and Sumatra and around north-west of the ...

and Australia and would have made an excellent point of defense or attack, without official records to substantiate this, it is presumed that they had their sights on Christmas Island and a close link to Australia.

Present day

In early 2005, Sukabumi Regency became the first place in Indonesia that

polio Poliomyelitis, commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Approximately 70% of cases are asymptomatic; mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe sym ...

was reported in ten years, the beginning of a nationwide outbreak of the disease which had been believed to be eradicated in the country.

Government and politics

Administrative districts

The city of Sukabumi is divided into seven

districts A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municipa ...

(''kecamatan''), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as of 2021. Map of Sukabumi (en).svg, Administrative map of Sukabumi Locator kota sukabumi.png, Sukabumi city is located in the western Parahyangan region, surrounded by Sukabumi Regency in West Java province

Climate

Sukabumi has an elevation moderated

tropical rainforest climate A tropical rainforest climate, humid tropical climate or equatorial climate is a tropical climate sub-type usually found within 10 to 15 degrees latitude of the equator. There are some other areas at higher latitudes, such as the coast of southea ...

(Af) with moderate rainfall from July to September and heavy rainfall in the remaining months.

Transportation

After almost one year of hiatus, the railway transport between Sukabumi and

Bogor Bogor ( su, , nl, Buitenzorg) is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide.Bogor-Ciawi–Sukabumi Toll Road is under construction that will connect Bogor Regency,

Bogor Bogor ( su, , nl, Buitenzorg) is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide.Sukabumi Regency and Sukabumi city. The 15.35-kilometer first section of the toll road between Ciawi and Cigombong was inaugurated by Indonesian President

Joko Widodo Joko Widodo (; born 21 June 1961), popularly known as Jokowi, is an Indonesian politician and businessman who is the 7th and current president of Indonesia. Elected in July 2014, he was the first Indonesian president not to come from an elit ...

on 3 December 2018.

Culinary

Sukabumi also has some traditional dishes that are worth trying, for example Roti Priangan, Mochi, Bandros, Soto Mie and Bubur.

References

External links

*
Official site
{{Authority control Populated places in West Java