|
Wings Group
PT Wings Surya, also known as the Wings Group or simply Wings, is an Indonesian multinational consumer goods company headquartered in Surabaya. It was founded on 21 September 1948 as Fa Wings, by Johannes Ferdinand Katuari and Harjo Sutanto. History In 1948, Johannes Ferdinand Katuari (Oen Jong Khing) and Harjo Sutanto (Tan Siek Miauw), the co-founders of Wings, began producing a simple laundry soap in their backyard, using limited resources. Katuari and Sutanto operated out of a small workshop in their home in Surabaya, East Java, peddling their goods door to door, at market stalls, and travelling from village to village. They gradually expanded their business, developing more effective detergent formulations, later including cream detergent, which is much cheaper than powder detergent due to low energy cost and low investment cost of machinery. This product thus became successful as a practical and economical way of doing laundry, spreading throughout Java and subsequentl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Privately Held Company
A privately held company (or simply a private company) is a company whose Stock, shares and related rights or obligations are not offered for public subscription or publicly negotiated in their respective listed markets. Instead, the Private equity, company's stock is offered, owned, traded or exchanged privately, also known as "over-the-counter (finance), over-the-counter". Related terms are unlisted organisation, unquoted company and private equity. Private companies are often less well-known than their public company, publicly traded counterparts but still have major importance in the world's economy. For example, in 2008, the 441 list of largest private non-governmental companies by revenue, largest private companies in the United States accounted for $1.8 trillion in revenues and employed 6.2 million people, according to ''Forbes''. In general, all companies that are not owned by the government are classified as private enterprises. This definition encompasses both publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cleaning Agent
Cleaning agents or hard-surface cleaners are substances (usually liquids, powders, sprays, or granules) used to remove dirt, including dust, stains, foul odors, and clutter on surfaces. Purposes of cleaning agents include health, beauty, removing offensive odors, and avoiding the spread of dirt and contaminants to oneself and others. Some cleaning agents can kill bacteria (e.g. door handle bacteria, as well as bacteria on worktops and other metallic surfaces) and clean at the same time. Others, called degreasers, contain organic solvents to help dissolve oils and fats. Chemical agents Acidic Acidic cleaning agents are mainly used for removal of deposits like fouling, scaling. The active ingredients are normally strong mineral acids and Chelation, chelants. Often, surfactants and corrosion inhibitors are added to the acid. Hydrochloric acid is a common mineral acid typically used for concrete. Vinegar can also be used to clean hard surfaces and remove calcium deposits. Sulphuric ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Door-to-door
Door-to-door is a canvassing technique that is generally used for sales, marketing, advertising, evangelism or campaigning, in which the person or persons walk from the door of one house to the door of another, trying to sell or advertise a product or service to the general public or gather information. People who use this sales approach are often known as ''traveling salesmen'', or by the archaic name ''drummer'' (someone who "drums up" business), and the technique is also sometimes called '' direct sales''. A variant of this involves cold calling first, when another sales representative attempts to gain agreement that a salesperson should visit. Historically, this was a major method of distributing goods outside large towns, with the salesmen, often self-employed, known as pedlars, peddlers, or hawkers. With the huge growth of retail shops in the 19th century, it became less important, and the development of mail order and finally sales via the internet gradually reduc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Backyard
A backyard, or back yard (known in the United Kingdom as a back garden or just garden), is a Yard (land), yard at the back of a house, common in suburban developments in the Western world. It is typically a residential garden located at the rear of a property, on the other side of the house from the front yard. While Western gardens are almost universally based on plants, the "garden" (which etymologically may imply a shorthand of botanical garden) may use plants sparsely or not at all. Hence, the terms ''yard'' and ''garden'' are for the context of this article interchangeable in most cases. History United Kingdom In English suburban and gardening culture, back gardens have a special place. In United Kingdom, Britain there are over 10 million back gardens. British planning require minimum distances between the rear faces of adjacent dwellings and so there is usually space for a back garden of some sort. In other countries, such as Australia, this does not apply and pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laundry Detergent
Laundry detergent is a type of detergent (cleaning agent) used for cleaning dirty laundry (clothes). Laundry detergent is manufactured in powder (washing powder) and liquid form. While powdered and liquid detergents hold roughly equal share of the worldwide laundry detergent market in terms of Value (economics), value, powdered detergents are sold twice as much compared to liquids in terms of volume. History From ancient times, chemical additives were used to facilitate the mechanical washing of textile fibers with water. The earliest recorded evidence of the production of soap-like materials dates back to around 2800 BC in ancient Babylon. German chemical companies developed an alkyl sulfate surfactant in 1917, in response to shortages of soap ingredients during the Blockade of Germany (1914–1919), Allied Blockade of Germany during World War I. In the 1930s, commercially viable routes to fatty alcohols were developed, and these new materials were converted to their Orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multinational Corporation
A multinational corporation (MNC; also called a multinational enterprise (MNE), transnational enterprise (TNE), transnational corporation (TNC), international corporation, or stateless corporation, is a corporate organization that owns and controls the production of goods or services in at least one country other than its home country. Control is considered an important aspect of an MNC to distinguish it from international portfolio investment organizations, such as some international mutual funds that invest in corporations abroad solely to diversify financial risks. Most of the current largest and most influential companies are Public company, publicly traded multinational corporations, including Forbes Global 2000, ''Forbes'' Global 2000 companies. History Colonialism The history of multinational corporations began with the history of colonialism. The first multinational corporations were founded to set up colonial "factories" or port cities. The two main examples were the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Rupiah
The rupiah (Currency symbol, symbol: Rp; ISO 4217, currency code: IDR) is the official currency of Indonesia, issued and controlled by Bank Indonesia. Its name is derived from the Sanskrit word for silver, (). Sometimes, Indonesians also informally use the word ( in Indonesian language, Indonesian) in referring to rupiah in coins. The rupiah is divided into 100 Cent (currency), cents (), although high inflation has rendered all coins and banknotes denominated in cents obsolete. The rupiah was introduced in 1946 by Indonesian nationalists Indonesian National Revolution, fighting for independence. It replaced the Japanese government-issued currency in the Dutch East Indies, Japanese-issued version of the Netherlands Indies gulden which had been introduced during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Japanese occupation in World War II. In its early years, the rupiah was used in conjunction with other currencies, including a new version of the gulden introduced by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medication
Medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal product, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to medical diagnosis, diagnose, cure, treat, or preventive medicine, prevent disease. Drug therapy (pharmacotherapy) is an important part of the medicine, medical field and relies on the science of pharmacology for continual advancement and on pharmacy for appropriate management. Drugs are Drug class, classified in many ways. One of the key divisions is by level of controlled substance, control, which distinguishes prescription drugs (those that a pharmacist dispenses only on the medical prescription) from over-the-counter drugs (those that consumers can order for themselves). Medicines may be classified by mode of action, route of administration, biological system affected, or therapeutic effects. The World Health Organization keeps a list of essential medicines. Drug discovery and drug development are complex and expensive endeavors undertake ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Condiment
A condiment is a preparation that is added to food, typically after cooking, to enhance the Flavoring, flavour, to complement the dish or to impart a specific flavor. Such specific flavors generally add sweetness or pungency, or sharp or piquant flavors. The seasonings and spices common in many different cuisine arise from global introductions of foreign trade. Condiments include those added to cooking to impart flavor, such as barbecue sauce and soy sauce, those added before serving such as mayonnaise in a sandwich, and those added tableside to taste, such as ketchup with fast food. Condiments can also provide other health benefits to diets that lack micronutrients. Definition The exact definition of a condiment varies. Some definitions encompass spices and herbs, including salt and pepper, using the term interchangeably with ''seasoning''. Others restrict the definition to include only "prepared food compound[s], containing one or more spices", which are added to food after th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chip (snack)
A chip (American English and Australian English) or crisp (British English and Hiberno-English, Irish English) is a snack food in the form of a crisp, flat or slightly bowl shaped, bite-sized unit. Some chips can be made into Dish (food), dishes and served as an Hors d'oeuvre, appetizer, Side dish, side, hors d'oeuvre, etc. Some types of chip are often served in the combination plate, chips and dip. Other chips are sweet or strongly flavored or fragile. Tortilla chips can be used for chips and salsa, nachoes, bean dip, guacamole, or a ''Seven-layer dip, layered dip'' containing multiple of these. Popular kinds of chip Root chips * Potato chips, a thin slice of potato that has been deep fried or baked until crunchy * Tapioca chips, a snack food made from thin wafers of deep fried cassava root Grain and bean chips *Bean chips, chips prepared using beans as a primary ingredient *Corn chips, a snack food made from cornmeal fried in oil or baked *Pita chips, chips made of dr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Instant Coffee
Instant coffee is a beverage derived from brewed coffee beans that enables people to quickly prepare hot coffee by adding hot water or milk to coffee solids in powdered or crystallized form and stirring. The product was first invented in Invercargill, the largest city in Southland, New Zealand, in 1890. Instant coffee solids (also called soluble coffee, coffee crystals, coffee powder, or powdered coffee) refers to the dehydrated and packaged solids available at retail used to make instant coffee. Instant coffee solids are commercially prepared by either freeze-drying or spray drying, after which it can be rehydrated. Instant coffee in a concentrated liquid form, as a beverage, is also manufactured. Advantages of instant coffee include speed of preparation (instant coffee dissolves quickly in hot water), lower shipping weight and volume than beans or ground coffee (to prepare the same amount of beverage), and long shelf life—though instant coffee can spoil if not kept dry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ice Cream
Ice cream is a frozen dessert typically made from milk or cream that has been flavoured with a sweetener, either sugar or an alternative, and a spice, such as Chocolate, cocoa or vanilla, or with fruit, such as strawberries or peaches. Food colouring is sometimes added in addition to Food stabilizer, stabilizers. The mixture is cooled below the freezing point of water and stirred to incorporate air spaces and prevent detectable ice crystals from forming. It can also be made by Whisk, whisking a flavoured cream base and liquid nitrogen together. The result is a smooth, semi-solid foam that is solid at very low temperatures (below ). It becomes more Ductility, malleable as its temperature increases. Ice cream may be served in dishes, eaten with a spoon, or licked from edible wafer Ice cream cone, ice cream cones held by the hands as finger food. Ice cream may be served with other desserts—such as cake or pie—or used as an ingredient in cold dishes—like ice cream floats, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
