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Voiceless Bilabial Affricate
The voiceless bilabial affricate ( in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a bilabial stop and released as a voiceless bilabial fricative The voiceless bilabial fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a Latinised form of the Greek letter Phi. Features Features of th ... . It has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language. Features Features of the voiceless bilabial affricate: Occurrence Notes References * * * * * External links * {{DEFAULTSORT:Voiceless Bilabial Affricate Affricates Pulmonic consonants Voiceless oral consonants Bilabial consonants Central consonants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. The IPA is used by linguists, lexicography, lexicographers, foreign language students and teachers, speech–language pathology, speech–language pathologists, singers, actors, constructed language creators, and translators. The IPA is designed to represent those qualities of speech that are part of lexical item, lexical (and, to a limited extent, prosodic) sounds in oral language: phone (phonetics), phones, Intonation (linguistics), intonation and the separation of syllables. To represent additional qualities of speechsuch as tooth wikt:gnash, gnashing, lisping, and sounds made with a cleft lip and cleft palate, cleft palatean extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet, extended set of symbols may be used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scouse
Scouse ( ), more formally known as Liverpool English or Merseyside English, is an Accent (dialect), accent and dialect of English language, English associated with the city of Liverpool and the surrounding Merseyside. The Scouse accent is highly distinctive, as it was heavily influenced by Irish people, Irish and Welsh people, Welsh immigrants who arrived via the Liverpool docks, as well as Scandinavian sailors who also used the docks. People from Liverpool are known as Liverpudlians, but also called Scousers; the name comes from Scouse (food), scouse, a stew originating from Scandinavian lobscouse eaten by sailors and locals.Archived aGhostarchiveand thWayback Machine Liverpool's development since the 1950s has spread the accent into nearby areas such as the towns of Runcorn and Skelmersdale. Variations of Scouse have been noted: the accent of Liverpool's Liverpool city centre, city centre and northern neighbourhoods is usually described as fast, harsh, and nasal, while th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiceless Oral Consonants
In linguistics, voicelessness is the property of sounds being pronounced without the larynx vibrating. Phonologically, it is a type of phonation, which contrasts with other states of the larynx, but some object that the word phonation implies voicing and that voicelessness is the lack of phonation. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) has distinct letters for many voiceless and modally voiced pairs of consonants (the obstruents), such as . Also, there are diacritics for voicelessness, and , which is used for letters with a descender. Diacritics are typically used with letters for prototypically voiced sounds, such as vowels and sonorant consonants: . In Russian use of the IPA, the voicing diacritic may be turned for voicelessness, e.g. . Voiceless vowels and other sonorants Sonorants are sounds such as vowels and nasals that are voiced in most of the world's languages. However, in some languages sonorants may be voiceless, usually allophonically. For example, the Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pulmonic Consonants
A pulmonic consonant is a consonant produced by air pressure from the lungs, as opposed to ejective, implosive and click consonants. Most languages have only pulmonic consonants. Ian Maddieson, in his survey of 566 languages,Ian Maddieson (2008) "Presence of Uncommon Consonants". In: Martin Haspelmath & Matthew S. Dryer & David Gil & Bernard Comrie (eds.) ''The World Atlas of Language Structures Online.'' Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, chapter 19. Available online at http://wals.info/feature/19. Accessed on 18 January 2011 found that only 152 had ejectives, implosives, or clicks (or two or three of these types) – that is, 73% of the world's extant languages have only pulmonic consonants. See glottalic consonants and click consonants for more information on the distribution of nonpulmonic consonants. Chart See also * Ejective consonant * Implosive consonant * Click consonant * Airstream mechanism In phonetics, the airstream mechanism is the method by which airflow is cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Affricates
An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal). It is often difficult to decide if a stop and fricative form a single phoneme or a consonant pair. English has two affricate phonemes, and , often spelled ''ch'' and ''j'', respectively. Examples The English sounds spelled "ch" and "j" ( broadly transcribed as and in the IPA), German and Italian ''z'' and Italian ''z'' are typical affricates, and sounds like these are fairly common in the world's languages, as are other affricates with similar sounds, such as those in Polish and Chinese. However, voiced affricates other than are relatively uncommon. For several places of articulation they are not attested at all. Much less common are labiodental affricates, such as in German, Kinyarwanda and Izi, or velar affricates, such as in Tswana (written ''kg'') or in High Alemannic Swiss German dialects. Worldwide, relative ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taos Phonology
Taos is a Tanoan language spoken by several hundred people in New Mexico, in the United States. The main description of its phonology was contributed by George L. Trager in a (pre- generative) structuralist framework. Earlier considerations of the phonetics-phonology were by John P. Harrington and Jaime de Angulo. Trager's first account was in based on fieldwork 1935-1937, which was then substantially revised in (due in part to the inclusion of juncture phonemes and newly collected data in 1947 in the analysis). The description below takes as the main point of departure and notes where this differs from the analysis of . Harrington's description (although from a different period) is more similar to . Certain comments from a generative perspective are noted in a comparative work . Segments The two following sections detail phonetic information about Taos phonological segments (i.e., consonants and vowels), as well as their phonological patterning in morphophonemic alterna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taos Dialect
Taos is a language of the Tiwa branch of the Tanoan language family and is mainly spoken in the unincorporated community of Taos Pueblo and the city of Taos, both of them being in New Mexico. Sociolinguistics In data collected in 1935 and 1937, George L. Trager (1946) notes that Taos was spoken by all members of the Taos Pueblo community. Additionally, most speakers were bilingual in either Spanish or English: speakers over 50 years of age were fluent in Spanish, adult speakers younger than 50 spoke Spanish and English, children around 5 years old could speak English but not Spanish—generally a decrease in age correlated with a decrease in Spanish fluency and an increase in English fluency. Pre-school children and a few very old women were monolingual Taos speakers. A more recent report by Gomez (2003) notes that the language "until a few years ago remained viable only in age groups of thirty and older", a sign that Taos is being affected by language endangerment pressures. No ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiwa Languages
Tiwa ( ) (Spanish ''Tigua'', also ''E-nagh-magh'') is a group of two, possibly three, related Tanoan languages spoken by the Tiwa Pueblo, and possibly Piro Pueblo, in the U.S. state of New Mexico. Subfamily members and relations Southern Tiwa is spoken in by around 1,600 people in Isleta Pueblo, Sandia Pueblo, and Ysleta del Sur Pueblo (Tigua Pueblo). The remaining two languages form a subgrouping known as ''Northern Tiwa''. Northern Tiwa consists of Taos spoken by 800 people in Taos Pueblo and Picuris spoken by around 220 people in Picuris Pueblo. The extinct language of Piro Pueblo may also have been a Tiwan language, but this is uncertain (see Piro Pueblo language). History After the Pueblo Revolt against the Spanish conquistadors in 1680, some of the Tigua and Piro peoples fled south with the Spanish to El Paso del Norte (present-day Ciudad Juárez, Mexico). There they founded Ysleta del Sur, Texas; Socorro, Texas Socorro is a city in El Paso County, Texa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaingang Language
The Kaingang language (also spelled Kaingáng) is a Southern Jê languages, Southern Jê language spoken by the Kaingang people of southern Brazil. The Kaingang nation has about 30,000 people, and about 60–65% speak the language. Most also speak Brazilian Portuguese, Portuguese. Overview The Kaingang language is a member of the Jê languages, Jê family, the largest language family in the Macro-Jê languages, Macro-Jê stock. The Kaingang territory occupies the modern states of São Paulo (state), São Paulo, Paraná (state), Paraná, Santa Catarina (state), Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (and, until the beginning of the 20th century, Misiones Province, Misiones, Argentina). Today they live in around 30 indigenous lands (similar to Native American reservations), especially in Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná. In the 1960s, due to a missionary interest conducted by the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL), the language was studied by Ursula Wiesemann. Names The Kaingang and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghomalaʼ Language
or Ghomala is a major Bamileke language spoken in Cameroon Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa. It shares boundaries with Nigeria to the west and north, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the R ..., originally in the following departments of the West region: * Mifi, Koung-Khi and Hauts-Plateaux: most of the three departments (except extreme south and except pockets in the north and west) * Menoua: east of the department * Bamboutos: a corner in the south It is spoken by an estimated 2 million people in two main population groups. Phonology Consonants * The glottal stop only occurs as word-final. * Sounds are alternative consonant sounds of . * , when occurring before close front-central vowel sounds /i ʉ/, can sound palatalized as . * Sounds , when preceding a sound, are realized as affricated . * , when occurring before central vowel sounds , ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Standard German Phonology
The phonology of Standard German is the standard pronunciation or accent of the German language. It deals with current phonology and phonetics as well as with historical developments thereof as well as the geographical variants and the influence of German dialects. While the spelling of German is officially standardised by an international organisation (the Council for German Orthography) the pronunciation has no official standard and relies on a ''de facto'' standard documented in reference works such as (German Pronunciation Dictionary) by Eva-Maria Krech et al., (Duden volume 6, The Pronunciation Dictionary) by Max Mangold and the training materials of radio and television stations such as '' Westdeutscher Rundfunk'', '' Deutschlandfunk'', or ''Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen''. This standardised pronunciation was invented, rather than coming from any particular German-speaking city. But the pronunciation that Germans usually consider to be closest to the standard is that of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Orthography
German orthography is the orthography used in writing the German language, which is largely phonemic. However, it shows many instances of spellings that are historic or analogous to other spellings rather than phonemic. The pronunciation of almost every word can be derived from its spelling once the spelling rules are known, but the opposite is not generally the case. Today, Standard High German orthography is regulated by the (Council for German Orthography), composed of representatives from most German-speaking countries. Alphabet The modern German alphabet consists of the twenty-six letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet plus four special letters. Basic alphabet Special letters German has four special letters; three are vowels accented with an umlaut sign () and one is derived from a ligature of (long s) and (; called "ess-zed/zee" or "sharp s"). They have their own names separate from the letters they are based on. * Capital ẞ was declare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
