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Violet Plimmer
Violet Geraldine Plimmer (''née'' Sheffield; 2 May 1885 – 4 July 1949) was a British biologist and writer on nutrition. She wrote four books for the general public on the topic of healthy nutrition (the first two co-authored with her husband, the biochemist R. H. A. Plimmer): ''Vitamins and the Choice of Food'' (1922); ''Food, Health, Vitamins'' (1925), which was among the most popular interwar books on nutrition; ''Food Values at a Glance'' (1935), another popular work; and ''Food Values in Wartime'' (1941). She also wrote pamphlets and articles for newspapers, journals and magazines. Her obituarist, Katharine Coward, Katharine H. Coward, considers her works to have had a "very far-reaching effect" on the health of people across Britain. Biography Violet Sheffield was born on 2 May 1885 to Mary and Frederick Sheffield; her father was a solicitor. She studied at University College, London in around 1905–1910, initially studying French, and then sciences including geology, bota ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nutrition
Nutrition is the biochemistry, biochemical and physiology, physiological process by which an organism uses food and water to support its life. The intake of these substances provides organisms with nutrients (divided into Macronutrient, macro- and Micronutrient, micro-) which can be Metabolism, metabolized to create Food energy, energy and chemical structures; too much or too little of an essential nutrient can cause malnutrition. Nutritional science, the study of nutrition as a hard science, typically emphasizes human nutrition. The type of organism determines what nutrients it needs and how it obtains them. Organisms obtain nutrients by consuming organic matter, consuming inorganic matter, absorbing light, or some combination of these. Some can produce nutrients internally by consuming basic elements, while some must consume other organisms to obtain pre-existing nutrients. All forms of life require carbon, Biological thermodynamics, energy, and water as well as various other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rickets
Rickets, scientific nomenclature: rachitis (from Greek , meaning 'in or of the spine'), is a condition that results in weak or soft bones in children and may have either dietary deficiency or genetic causes. Symptoms include bowed legs, stunted growth, bone pain, large forehead, and trouble sleeping. Complications may include bone Deformity, deformities, bone pseudofractures and Bone fracture, fractures, muscle spasms, or an scoliosis, abnormally curved spine. The analogous condition in adults is osteomalacia. The most common cause of rickets is a hypovitaminosis D, vitamin D deficiency, although hereditary genetic forms also exist. This can result from eating a diet without enough vitamin D, dark skin, too little sun exposure, exclusive breastfeeding without vitamin D supplementation, celiac disease, and certain genetic conditions. Other factors may include not enough calcium or phosphorus. The underlying mechanism involves insufficient calcification of the growth plate. Di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford Dictionary Of National Biography
The ''Dictionary of National Biography'' (''DNB'') is a standard work of reference on notable figures from History of the British Isles, British history, published since 1885. The updated ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (''ODNB'') was published on 23 September 2004 in 60 volumes and online, with 50,113 biographical articles covering 54,922 lives. First series Hoping to emulate national biography, biographical collections published elsewhere in Europe, such as the (1875), in 1882 the publisher George Murray Smith, George Smith (1824–1901), of Smith, Elder & Co., planned a universal dictionary that would include biographical entries on individuals from world history. He approached Leslie Stephen, then editor of the ''Cornhill Magazine'', owned by Smith, to become the editor. Stephen persuaded Smith that the work should focus only on subjects from the United Kingdom and its present and former colonies. An early working title was the ''Biographia Britannica'', the na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of State Medicine
The ''Journal of Public Health'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed public health journal. It was originally established in 1892 as the ''Journal of State Medicine'' by the Royal Institute of Public Health and has undergone several renames during its history. It acquired its current name in 2004 and is currently published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Faculty of Public Health. The editors-in-chief are Keith Neal and Premila Webster. History *''Journal of State Medicine'' (1892–1905) *''Journal of Preventive Medicine'' (1905–1906) *''Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health'' (1907–1911) *''Journal of State Medicine'' (1912–1937) *''Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene'' (1937–1963) (which also continues ''Journal of the Institute of Hygiene, London'') *''Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene Journal'' (1964–1968) *''Community Health'' (1969–1978) *''Community Medicine'' (1979–1989) *''Journal of Public Health Medicine'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of The Royal Society Of Arts
The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, commonly known as the Royal Society of Arts (RSA), is a learned society that champions innovation and progress across a multitude of sectors by fostering creativity, social progress, and sustainable development. Through its extensive network of changemakers, thought leadership, and projects, the RSA seeks to drive transformative change, enabling “people, places, and the planet to thrive in harmony.” Committed to social change and creating progress, the RSA embodies a philosophy that values the intersection of arts, industry, and societal well-being to address contemporary challenges and enrich communities worldwide. From its "beginnings in a coffee house in the mid-eighteenth century", the RSA, which began as a UK institution, is now an international society for the improvement of "everything and anything". An "ambitious" organisation, the RSA has "evolved and adapted, constantly reinventing itself ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of The Royal Institute Of Public Health And Hygiene
The ''Journal of Public Health'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed public health journal. It was originally established in 1892 as the ''Journal of State Medicine'' by the Royal Institute of Public Health and has undergone several renames during its history. It acquired its current name in 2004 and is currently published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Faculty of Public Health. The editors-in-chief are Keith Neal and Premila Webster. History *''Journal of State Medicine'' (1892–1905) *''Journal of Preventive Medicine'' (1905–1906) *''Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health'' (1907–1911) *''Journal of State Medicine'' (1912–1937) *''Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene'' (1937–1963) (which also continues ''Journal of the Institute of Hygiene, London'') *''Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene Journal'' (1964–1968) *''Community Health'' (1969–1978) *''Community Medicine'' (1979–1989) *''Journal of Public Health Medicine'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The British Medical Journal
''The BMJ'' is a fortnightly peer-reviewed medical journal, published by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, which in turn is wholly-owned by the British Medical Association (BMA). ''The BMJ'' has editorial freedom from the BMA. It is one of the world's oldest general medical journals. Previously called the ''British Medical Journal'', the title was officially shortened to ''BMJ'' in 1988, and then changed to ''The BMJ'' in 2014. The current editor-in-chief of ''The BMJ'' is Kamran Abbasi, who was appointed in January 2022. History The journal began publishing on 3 October 1840 as the ''Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal'' and quickly attracted the attention of physicians around the world through its publication of high-quality original research articles and unique case reports. The ''BMJ''s first editors were P. Hennis Green, lecturer on the diseases of children at the Hunterian School of Medicine, who also was its founder, and Robert Streeten of Worcester, a member of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biochemical Journal
The ''Biochemical Journal'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal which covers all aspects of biochemistry, as well as cell and molecular biology. It is published by Portland Press and was established in 1906. History The journal was established in 1906 by Benjamin Moore, holder of the first UK chair of biochemistry at the University of Liverpool, with financial support from Edward Whitley, an heir of the Greenall Whitley brewers.Clark J. Biochemical Journal Centenary (2006) (accessed 30 September 2007) The two served as the first editors and the journal was initially published by the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancestry
An ancestor, also known as a forefather, fore-elder, or a forebear, is a parent or ( recursively) the parent of an antecedent (i.e., a grandparent, great-grandparent, great-great-grandparent and so forth). ''Ancestor'' is "any person from whom one is descended. In law, the person from whom an estate has been inherited." Relationship Two individuals have a genetic relationship if one is the ancestor of the other or if they share a common ancestor. In evolutionary theory, species which share an evolutionary ancestor are said to be of common descent. However, this concept of ancestry does not apply to some bacteria and other organisms capable of horizontal gene transfer. Some research suggests that the average person has twice as many female ancestors as male ancestors. This might have been due to the past prevalence of polygynous relations and female hypergamy. Assuming that all of an individual's ancestors are otherwise unrelated to each other, that individual has 2'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Journal Of Nursing
The ''American Journal of Nursing'' (AJN) is a monthly peer-reviewed nursing journal established in 1900. the editor-in-chief is Carl Kirton and it is published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. In 2009 the journal was selected as one of the "100 Most Influential Journals in Biology and Medicine in the Last 100 Years" by the Biomedical and Life Sciences Division of the Special Libraries Association. History The journal was established in 1900 as the official journal of the Associated Alumnae of Trained Nurses of the United States which later became the American Nurses Association. Isabel Hampton Robb, Lavinia Dock, Mary E. P. Davis and Sophia Palmer are credited with founding the journal, the latter serving as the first editor. Other editors have included Mary May Roberts (1921–1949), Nell V. Beeby (1949–1956), Jeanette V. White (1956–1957), Edith P. Lewis (1957–1959), Barbara G. Schutt (1959–1971), Thelma M. Schorr (1971–1981), Mary B. Mallison (1981–1993), Lu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Loaf
The National Loaf was a fortified wholemeal bread, made from wholemeal flour with added calcium and vitamins, introduced in Britain during the Second World War by the Federation of Bakers (FOB), specifically Dr Roland Gordon Booth. Introduced in 1942, the loaf was made from wholemeal flour, known to be more nutritious, and fortified to prevent nutritional deficiencies like rickets. There was limited shipping space for flour imports (and limited domestic wheat), so more efficient use of limited resources was a major consideration. The loaf was abolished in October 1956.- Working with the government, the FOB published four recipes for wholemeal bread, which became the only recipes that could legally be used to make bread in the U.K. The National Loaf was criticized as grey, mushy and unappetising; only one person in seven preferred it to white bread, which became unavailable. The government insisted on it because it saved space in shipping food to Britain- Angus Calder, ''The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
