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Vembaukum Family
The Vembaukum or Vembakkam family were one of the two preeminent Brahmin dynasties in the Madras Presidency, dominating the Mylapore clique alongside the Calamur clan, and 'possess(ing) an enormous presence in the... bureaucracy of the capital and its surrounding district(s)', whose historical presence began in the 1820s, with the sprawling clan famously having begun holding yearly family conferences by the 1890s to preserve their dynastic unity, political cohesion and influence, and wealth. Populated by numerous elite lawyers and administrators, the Vembaukum were originally Vadakalai Iyengars from Vembakkam in the Chingleput District of the Madras Presidency (in contrast to the Calamurs, who were Vadama Iyers from North Arcot). The ''Law Weekly'', a legal journal, has been edited and published by the family for over a century. Members * V. Ramiengar , Diwan of Travancore * V. Bhashyam Aiyangar , Advocate-General, Justice of the High Court * C. R. Thiruvenkatachari, Just ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brahmin
Brahmin (; ) is a ''Varna (Hinduism), varna'' (theoretical social classes) within Hindu society. The other three varnas are the ''Kshatriya'' (rulers and warriors), ''Vaishya'' (traders, merchants, and farmers), and ''Shudra'' (labourers). The traditional occupation of Brahmins is that of priesthood (purohit, pandit, or pujari) at Hindu temples or at socio-religious ceremonies, and the performing of rite of passage rituals, such as solemnising a wedding with hymns and prayers.James Lochtefeld (2002), Brahmin, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing, , page 125 Traditionally, Brahmins are accorded the supreme ritual status of the four social classes, and they also served as spiritual teachers (guru or acharya). In practice, Indian texts suggest that some Brahmins historically also became agriculturalists, warriors, traders, and had also held other occupations in the Indian subcontinent.GS Ghurye (1969), Caste and Race in India, Popular Prakasha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diwan Of Travancore
The Diwan or Dewan of Travancore was the head of government of Travancore in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, serving at the pleasure of the Maharaja, corresponding to a prime minister, and consisting in the formal titles Valiya Sarvadhikaryakar and Dalawa until the insurrection of Velu Thampi Dalawa and administrative reforms of John Munro. Post-Munro, the title of ''Dalawa'', which remained formally the highest ranking established office, though administratively impotent, was revived as a sinecure to sideline Raman Menon and remove him from the Diwanship. The office of Diwan existed until 1948, when it gave way to the office of Prime Minister of Travancore. List of Diwans * Arumukan Pillai (1729–1736) * Nanu Pillai (1736–1737) * Ramayyan Dalawa (1737–1756) * Martandan bagavathi Pillai (1756–1763) * Subbayyan Dalawa (1763–1768) * Krishna Gopalayyan Iyyer (1768–1776) * Vadiswaran Subbrahmanya Iyer (1776–1780) * Mullen Chempakaraman Pillai (1780–1782) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Srinivas Varadachariar
Sir Srinivas Varadachariar (20 June 18816 September 1970) was an Indian jurist who was the first Indian chief justice of the Federal Court of India when he served as the acting chief justice of the court between 25 April 1943 and 7 June 1943. He was also a judge of the Madras High Court and of the Federal Court of India. Varadachariar headed the ad-hoc committee of the Constituent Assembly of India, which drafted the provisions to set up the Supreme Court of India. Biography Varadachariar was born on 20 June 1881 into a family of Iyengar priests, with limited financial means. His father was the priest to the house of lawyer and jurist Sir V. Bhashyam Aiyangar, the first Indian Advocate-General of Madras. Varadachariar started as an apprentice under Aiyangar and later under P. S. Sivaswami Iyer. He was admitted into the bar in 1905 and rose to become the judge of the Madras High Court in 1934. Varadachariar was knighted and appointed as a judge of the Federal Court of In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambujammal
Ambujammal Desikachari née Srinivasa Iyengar (1899-1983) was an Indian independence activist and women's rights activist. A Gandhian, she participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement and served as vice-president of the Tamil Nadu Congress Committee. Ambujammal was awarded the Padma Shri in 1964. Early life and education Ambujammal was born on 8 January 1899 to S. Srinivasa Iyengar and his wife Ranganayaki. Srinivasa Iyengar was one of the foremost leaders of the Indian National Congress in the Madras Presidency and had served as the President of the Swaraj Party. Ambujammal's maternal grandfather was Sir V. Bhashyam Aiyangar, the first native Indian to be appointed Advocate-General of the Madras Presidency. Ambujammal married S Desikachari, an advocate from Kumbakonam, in 1910. Early on in her life, she was fascinated by Mahatma Gandhi's ideas, especially his constructive socio-economic program. This interest was fanned by her contact with Sister Subbalakshmi, Dr. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vembaukum Rajagopacharlu
V. Rajagopalacharlu (1830–1868) was an Indian lawyer, jurist, and Hindu religious reformer, who was one of the first Indians in the colonial epoch to achieve wealth and renown in the courts of British India, accomplishing both alongside his brother, V. Sadagopacharlu, in the judicial system of the Madras Presidency, in which they were leading Vakils. He also was an advocate of religious reform within Hinduism, as the primary exponent of the Brahmo Samaj movement in South India. Career The brothers practiced before the appellate Sudder Court and its cassation court, the Supreme Court, operated in civil matters by the British East India Company under the aegis and authority of the Mughal emperors, and administering customary law in both Hindu and Muslim varieties, as selected and interpreted by learned Brahmin Pandits and Ulema known as Maulvis respectively, and decided by British judicial officers they instructed accordingly, referring in the former case to Dharmaśāstr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vembaukum Sadagopacharlu
Vembaukum Sadagopacharlu (died 1863) was an Indian lawyer, jurist, banker, and statesman, who was the first native Indian member of the Madras Legislative Council, serving from 1861 to until his 1863 death, and one of the first Indians to achieve wealth and renown in the courts of British India, doing both alongside his brother, religious reformer and minor polymath V. Rajagopalacharlu, in the judicial system of the Madras Presidency, in which they were leading Vakils, he himself being the first Indian to become one. He belonged to the influential Vembaukum family. Early life Sadagopacharlu hailed from the village of Vembakkam near Kanchipuram. He matriculated from the Presidency College, Madras in 1858 and studied law. Soon, he enrolled himself as a lawyer, and along with his reportedly "even more brilliant" brother V. Rajagopalacharlu, emerged as one of the first and foremost Indians in the bar making up a fortune in a short time. At a time when the typical remuneration of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legislative Council Of Madras
Tamil Nadu Legislative Council was the upper house of the former bicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It began its existence as Madras Legislative Council, the first provincial legislature for Madras Presidency. It was initially created as an advisory body in 1861, by the British colonial government. It was established by the Indian Councils Act 1861 ( 24 & 25 Vict. c. 67), enacted in the British parliament in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Its role and strength were later expanded by the Indian Councils Act 1892 ( 55 & 56 Vict. c. 14). Limited election was introduced in 1909. The council became a unicameral legislative body in 1921 and eventually the upper chamber of a bicameral legislature in 1937. After India became independent in 1947, it continued to be the upper chamber of the legislature of Madras State, one of the successor states to the Madras Presidency. It was renamed as the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council when the state was renamed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diwan Of Mysore
The dewan of Mysore (sometimes spelled diwan) was the ''de facto'' chief executive officer of the Government of Mysore (now Government of Karnataka), ''ex officio'' chairman of the Dewan's Council (now Cabinet), and the prime minister and royal adviser to the maharaja of Mysore. The role evolved in title and duties since the foundation of the fiefdom of Mysore in 1350 and its proper reformation into a kingdom in the following centuries until the kingdom's full abolishment in 1950. With the constitution of India into a republic in 1950, the position was replaced by Chief Minister of Mysore (later renamed Chief Minister of Karnataka). From offering minor political advice to the monarch as ''amatya'' (Sanskrit for minister) like in the Vijayanagara Empire to later acting as a major military chieftain as ''dalvoy'' (Kannada for military chief) like in other southern kingdoms to being the head of the government as ''dewan'' (Persian/Urdu for accountant or chief adviser) like in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Arcot
North Arcot was a former district in Madras Presidency, acquired by the annexation of the Arcot State in 1855 when its Nawab died without issue. It had Chittoor as its headquarters (currently in Andhra pradesh). On 1 April 1911, the Chittoor district was separated from North Arcot. The remaining district, with Vellore as its headquarters, passed intact into the Madras State of independent India. On 30 September 1989 the district was split into Tiruvannamalai-Sambuvarayar district (present-day Tiruvannamalai district) and North Arcot Ambedkar district (present-day Vellore district). It contained the present day districts of Tiruvannamalai district, Tiruvannamalai, Vellore district, Vellore, Chittoor district, Chittoor, Tirupati district, Tirupati, Tirupattur district, Tirupattur and Ranipet district, Ranipet. History Historically, the name "Arcot" is said to be derived from a Corruption (linguistics), linguistic corruption of the original Tamil word "Aaru Kaadu", meaning "Six ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madras Presidency
The Madras Presidency or Madras Province, officially called the Presidency of Fort St. George until 1937, was an administrative subdivision (province) of British India and later the Dominion of India. At its greatest extent, the presidency included most of southern India, including all of present-day Andhra Pradesh, almost all of Tamil Nadu and parts of Kerala, Karnataka, Odisha and Telangana in the modern day. The city of Madras was the winter capital of the presidency and Ooty (Udagamandalam) was the summer capital. The Madras State was neighboured by the Kingdom of Mysore to the northwest, the Kingdom of Cochin and Kingdom of Travancore to the southwest, the Kingdom of Pudukkottai in the center, and the Hyderabad State to the north. Some parts of the presidency were also flanked by Bombay State ( Konkan Districts) and Central States (modern Madhya Pradesh). In 1639, the English East India Company purchased the village of Madraspatnam and one year later it establis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iyer
Iyers () (also spelt as Ayyar, Aiyar, Ayer, or Aiyer) are an ethnoreligious community of Tamil-speaking Brahmins. Most Iyers are followers of the '' Advaita'' philosophy propounded by Adi Shankara and adhere to the Smarta tradition. This is in contrast to the Iyengar community, who are adherents of Sri Vaishnavism. The Iyers and the Iyengars are together referred to as Tamil Brahmins. The majority of Iyers reside in Tamil Nadu, India. Iyers are further divided into various denominations based on traditional and regional differences. Like all Brahmins, they are also classified based on their gotra, or patrilineal descent, and the Veda that they follow. They fall under the Pancha Dravida Brahmana classification of Brahmins in India. Apart from the prevalent practice of using the title "Iyer" as surname, Iyers also commonly use other surnames, such as Sāstri or Bhattar. Etymology Iyer (, ) has several meanings in Tamil and other Dravidian languages, often referring to a r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vadama
Vadama, meaning "Northerners", are a sub-sect of the Iyer community of Tamil Brahmins. While some believe that their name is an indication of the fact that they were the most recent Brahmin migrants to the Tamil country others interpret the usage of the term "Vadama" as a reference to their strict adherence to the Sanskrit language and Vedic rituals which are of northerly origin. Etymology The term ''Vadama'' may have originated from the Tamil term ''Vadakku'' meaning North, indicating the Northern origin of the Vadama Brahmins. However, what is not certain is whether 'North' refers to northern Tamil Nadu/Southern Deccan, or regions farther north. Other scholars are of the opinion that rather than the superficial indication of a northern origin for the people, the term ''"vadama"'' would rather refer to proficiency in Sanskrit and Vedic ritual, generally associated with the north prior to the first millennium CE. Sub-categories Vadamas are further sub-divided into five categ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
