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Legislative Council Of Madras
Tamil Nadu Legislative Council was the upper house of the former bicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It began its existence as Madras Legislative Council, the first provincial legislature for Madras Presidency. It was initially created as an advisory body in 1861, by the British colonial government. It was established by the Indian Councils Act 1861 ( 24 & 25 Vict. c. 67), enacted in the British parliament in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Its role and strength were later expanded by the Indian Councils Act 1892 ( 55 & 56 Vict. c. 14). Limited election was introduced in 1909. The council became a unicameral legislative body in 1921 and eventually the upper chamber of a bicameral legislature in 1937. After India became independent in 1947, it continued to be the upper chamber of the legislature of Madras State, one of the successor states to the Madras Presidency. It was renamed as the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council when the state was renamed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper House
An upper house is one of two Legislative chamber, chambers of a bicameralism, bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameralism, unicameral. History While the Roman Senate, senate of the ancient roman kingdom 755 BC was the first assembly of aristocrats counseling the king, the first upper house of a bicameral legislature was the medieval House of Lords consisting of the archbishops, bishops, abbots and nobility, which emerged during the reign of King Edward III around 1341 when the Parliament clearly separated into two distinct Debating chamber, chambers, the House of Commons of England, House of Commons, consisting of the shire and borough representatives, and the House of Lords. 1808 Spain adopted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madras State
Madras State was a state in the Indian Republic, which was in existence during the mid-20th century as a successor to the Madras Presidency of British India. The state came into existence on 26 January 1950 when the Constitution of India was adopted and included the present-day Tamil Nadu, Kerala and parts of neighbouring states of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Andhra State, Andhra state was separated in 1953 and the state was further re-organized when states were redrawn linguistically in States Reorganisation Act, 1956, 1956. On 14 January 1969, the state was renamed as Tamil Nadu. Pre-history Archaeological evidence points to the region being inhabited by hominids more than 400 millennia ago. Ancient Tamilakam, a region roughly on par with the Madras state, was ruled by a Three Crowned Kings, triumvirate of monarchical states, Chera dynasty, Cheras, Chola dynasty, Cholas and Pandya dynasty, Pandyas. The kingdoms had significant diplomatic and trade contacts with other ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governor-General Of India
The governor-general of India (1833 to 1950, from 1858 to 1947 the viceroy and governor-general of India, commonly shortened to viceroy of India) was the representative of the monarch of the United Kingdom in their capacity as the emperor or empress of India and after Indian independence in 1947, the representative of the monarch of India. The office was created in 1773, with the title of governor-general of the Presidency of Fort William. The officer had direct control only over his presidency but supervised other East India Company officials in India. Complete authority over all of British territory in the Indian subcontinent was granted in 1833, and the official came to be known as the governor-general of India. In 1858, because of the Indian Rebellion the previous year, the territories and assets of the East India Company came under the direct control of the British Crown; as a consequence, company rule in India was succeeded by the British Raj. The governor-general ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dyarchy
Diarchy (from Greek , ''di-'', "double", and , ''-arkhía'', "ruled"),Occasionally spelled ''dyarchy'', as in the ''Encyclopaedia Britannica'' article on the colonial British institution duarchy, or duumvirate. is a form of government characterized by co-rule, with two people ruling a polity together either lawfully or '' de facto'', by collusion and force. The leaders of such a system are usually known as corulers. Historically, ''diarchy'' particularly referred to the system of shared rule in British India established by the Government of India Acts 1919 and 1935, which devolved some powers to local councils, which had included native Indian representation under the Indian Councils Act 1892. 'Duumvirate' principally referred to the offices of the various duumviri established by the Roman Republic. Both, along with less common synonyms such as biarchy and tandemocracy, are now used more generally to refer to any system of joint rule or office. A monarchy temporarily contr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of India Act 1919
The Government of India Act 1919 ( 9 & 10 Geo. 5. c. 101) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was passed to expand participation of Indians in the government of India. The act embodied the reforms recommended in the report of the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, and the Viceroy, Chelmsford. The act covered ten years, from 1919 to 1929. This act began the genesis of responsible government in India. It was set to be reviewed by the Simon Commission in 10 years. The act received royal assent on 23 December 1919. On the same day the King-Emperor issued a proclamation which reviewed the course of parliamentary legislation for India and the intent of the act: "The Acts of 1773 and 1784 were designed to establish a regular system of administration and justice under the East India Company. The Act of 1833 opened the door for Indians to public office and employment. The Act of 1858 transferred the administration from the Company to the Crown and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms
The Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms or more concisely the Mont–Ford Reforms, were introduced by the colonial government to introduce self-governing institutions gradually in British India. The reforms take their name from Edwin Montagu, the Secretary of State for India from 1917 to 1922, and Lord Chelmsford, the Viceroy of India between 1916 and 1921. The reforms were outlined in the Montagu–Chelmsford Report, prepared in 1918, and formed the basis of the Government of India Act 1919. The constitutional reforms were considered by Indian nationalists not to go far enough though British conservatives were critical of them. The important features of this act were that: # The Imperial Legislative Council was now to consist of two houses: the Central Legislative Assembly and the Council of State. # The provinces were to follow the Dual Government System, or diarchy. Background Edwin Montagu became Secretary of State for India in June 1917 after Austen Chamberlain had resi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yakub Hasan Sait
Maulana Yakub Hasan Sait or simply Yakub Hasan Sait (1875–1940) was an Indian businessman, freedom-fighter and politician who served as the Minister for Public Works in the Madras presidency from 1937 to 1939. Yakub Hasan Sait was born in Nagpur and educated in Aligarh University. At a very young age, he moved to Bangalore for business purposes and settled in Madras in the year 1901. He served as a member of the Madras Corporation and as a member of the Madras Legislative Council. From 1937 to 1939, he served as the Minister of Public Works in the Rajaji government. Yakub Hasan Sait was a member of the Muslim League and later, the Indian National Congress. He was the only Muslim minister in Rajaji's 1937 cabinet. Early life Yakub Hasan Sait was born in Nagpur, Central Provinces and Berar in 1875. He had his schooling and early education in Nagpur and he had his higher education from Aligarh University. Soon after completion of his degree in 1893, Sait moved to Bangalore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theagaroya Chetty
Dewan Bahadur Sir Pitti Theagaraya Chetty (27 April 1852 – 28 April 1925) was an Indian lawyer, industrialist, and prominent political leader from the erstwhile Madras province. He was one of the founders of the Justice Party in 1916, along with C. Natesa Mudaliar, Dr. T. M. Nair. Theagaraya Nagar is a locality in Chennai that is named after him. On January 1, 1919, the title Dewan Bahadur was awarded to him Theagaraya Chetty was born in Madras Presidency. After graduating from Presidency College, Madras he served as a corporator and legislator. He had an avid interest in politics and served as a member of the Indian National Congress before founding the South Indian Liberal Federation in 1917. He served as president of the federation from 1917 until his death in 1925. Early life Chetty was born to a Devanga family of Telugu origin in Egathur, Madras Presidency on April 27, 1852. He did his schooling in Chennai and graduated in law from Presidency College, M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Councils Act 1909
The Indian Councils Act 1909 ( 9 Edw. 7. c. 4), commonly known as the Morley–Minto or Minto–Morley Reforms, was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that brought about a limited increase in the involvement of Indians in the governance of British India. Named after Viceroy Lord Minto and Secretary of State John Morley, the act introduced elections to legislative councils and admitted Indians to councils of the Secretary of State for India, the viceroy, and to the executive councils of Bombay and Madras states. Muslims were granted separate electorates according to the demands of the All-India Muslim League. Background In 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay, gathering a small group of colonial India's educated elite. One of their main grievances was the difficulty Indians faced when trying to enter the civil service and administrative roles. Queen Victoria had promised racial equality in the selection o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udagamandalam
Ooty (; officially Udagamandalam (), anglicized: Ootacamund , abbreviated as Udagai, ) is a town and municipality in the Nilgiris district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located northwest of Coimbatore, and is the headquarters of Nilgiris district. Situated in the Nilgiri hills, it is known by the epithet "Queen of Hill Stations", and is a popular tourist destination. Originally occupied by the Toda people, the area came under the rule of the East India Company in the 18th century. It later served as the summer capital of Madras Presidency. The economy is based on the hospitality industry serving tourism and agriculture. The town is connected to the plains by the Nilgiri ghat roads and Nilgiri Mountain Railway. Etymology The region was earlier known as ''Ottakal Mandu'', with ''Otta-kal'' meaning 'single stone' in Tamil, a reference to a sacred stone revered by the local Toda people and '' Mandu'', a Toda word for 'village'. This later became Udagamandalam whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humayun Jah Bahadur
Mir Humayun Jah Bahadur CIE was an Indian nobleman, politician, theosophist and Indian independence activist who served as a non-official member of Madras Legislative Council from 1866 till 1892 and a non-official member of the Imperial Legislative Council from 1893. He was made a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire on January 1, 1880, in the Queen's New Year Honours List. His son, Nawab Syed Muhammad Bahadur served as President of the Indian National Congress in Karachi in 1913. Humayun Jah Bahadur was a great grandson of Tipu Sultan Tipu Sultan (, , ''Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu''; 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799) commonly referred to as Sher-e-Mysore or "Tiger of Mysore", was a ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India. He was a pioneer of rocket artillery ....https://www.royalark.net/India4/tipu6.htm References Year of death missing Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire Year of birth missing Members of the Madras Legislative Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
