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Veliocasses
The Veliocasses or Velocasses (Gaulish: *''Weliocassēs'') were a Belgic or Gallic tribe of the La Tène and Roman periods, dwelling in the south of modern Seine-Maritime and in the north of Eure. Name They are mentioned as ''Veliocasses'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC) and Pliny (1st c. AD), as (; var. ) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as ''Velocasses'' by Orosius (early 5th c. AD)., s.v. ''Veliocasses''. The meaning of the Gaulish ethnonym is uncertain. The first part is certainly the Gaulish stem , which could either derive from Proto-Celtic ('modesty'; cf. OIr. , OBret. 'honestas'), or else from Proto-Celtic ('better'; cf. Welsh 'better'). The second etymology is semantically more probable for a tribal name, but the unknown length of the vowel ''e'' in ''uelio-'' makes it difficult to conclude with certainty. The meaning of the second element ''-casses'', attested in other Gaulish ethnonyms such as '' Bodiocasses'', '' Durocasses'', '' Sucasses'', '' Tricasses'', or '' Vid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rouen
Rouen (, ; or ) is a city on the River Seine, in northwestern France. It is in the prefecture of Regions of France, region of Normandy (administrative region), Normandy and the Departments of France, department of Seine-Maritime. Formerly one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe, the population of the metropolitan area () is 702,945 (2018). People from Rouen are known as ''Rouennais''. Rouen was the seat of the Exchequer of Normandy during the Middle Ages. It was one of the capitals of the Anglo-Normans, Anglo-Norman and Angevin kings of England, Angevin dynasties, which ruled both England and large parts of modern France from the 11th to the 15th centuries. From the 13th century onwards, the city experienced a remarkable economic boom, thanks in particular to the development of textile factories and river trade. Claimed by both the French and the English during the Hundred Years' War, it was on its soil that Joan of Arc was tried and burned alive on 30 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belgae
The Belgae ( , ) were a large confederation of tribes living in northern Gaul, between the English Channel, the west bank of the Rhine, and the northern bank of the river Seine, from at least the third century BC. They were discussed in depth by Julius Caesar in his Commentarii de Bello Gallico, account of his wars in Gaul. Some peoples in southern Roman Britain, Britain were also called Belgae and had apparently moved from the continent. T. F. O'Rahilly believed that some had moved further west and he equated them with the Fir Bolg in Ireland. The Roman province of Gallia Belgica was named after the continental Belgae. The term continued to be used in the region until the present day and is reflected in the name of the modern country of Belgium. Etymology The consensus among linguists is that the ethnic name ''Belgae'' probably comes from the Proto-Celtic root ''*belg-'' or ''*bolg-'' meaning "to swell (particularly with anger/battle fury/etc.)", cognate with the Dutch language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viducasses
The Viducassēs (Gaulish: *''Uiducassēs/Widucassēs'') were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the modern Calvados department during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Viducasses'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), and as ''Bidoukesíōn'' (Βιδουκεσίων; var. Βιδουκασίων, Βιδουκαίσιων) and ''Bidoukésioi'' (Βιδουκέσιοι; var. Οὐιδουκαίσιοι, Οὐιδουκέσιοι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD). The Gaulish ethnonym derives from the stem *''uidu-/widu'' ('tree, wood'). The meaning of the second element ''-casses'', attested in other Gaulish ethnonyms such as '' Bodiocasses'', '' Durocasses'', '' Sucasses'', '' Tricasses'', or '' Veliocasses'', has been debated, but it probably signifies '(curly) hair, hairstyle' (cf. Old Irish ''chass'' 'curl'), perhaps referring to a particular warrior coiffure. The name may thus be translated as 'the tangled-hair ones', that is to say 'those with the hair tangled like a tree'. P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gauls
The Gauls (; , ''Galátai'') were a group of Celts, Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age Europe, Iron Age and the Roman Gaul, Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD). Their homeland was known as Gaul (''Gallia''). They spoke Gaulish, a continental Celtic language. The Gauls emerged around the 5th century BC as bearers of La Tène culture north and west of the Alps. By the 4th century BC, they were spread over much of what is now France, Belgium, Switzerland, Southern Germany, Austria, and the Czech Republic, by virtue of controlling the trade routes along the river systems of the Rhône, Seine, Rhine, and Danube. They reached the peak of their power in the 3rd century BC. During the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, the Gauls expanded into Northern Italy (Cisalpine Gaul), leading to the Roman–Gallic wars, and Gallic invasion of the Balkans, into the Balkans, leading to Battle of Thermopylae (279 BC), war with the Greeks. These latter Gauls eventually settle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durocasses
The Durocasses were a Gallic tribe dwelling around present-day Dreux during the Roman period. Name They are mentioned ''Durocasis'' (var. ''durocacasis'') on the '' Itinerarium Antonini'' (early 3rd c. AD), as ''Durocassio'' on the ''Tabula Peutingeriana'' (4–5th c. AD), and as ''Dorocas'' on Merovingian coins.''Tabula Peutingeriana'', 1:3., s.v. ''Durocasses''. The etymology of the ethnonym ''Durocasses'' remains unclear. The meaning of the second element ''-casses'', attested in other Gaulish ethnonyms such as '' Bodiocasses'', '' Sucasses'', ''Tricasses'', ''Veliocasses'', or ''Viducasses'', has been debated, but it probably signifies '(curly) hair, hairstyle' (cf. Old Irish ''chass'' 'curl'), perhaps referring to a particular warrior coiffure. The city of Dreux Dreux () is a Communes of France, commune in the Eure-et-Loir Departments of France, department in northern France. Geography Dreux lies on the small river Blaise (river), Blaise, a tributary of the Eure (r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bellovaci
The Bellovaci (Gaulish: ''Bellouacoi'') were a Belgic tribe dwelling in the modern Picardy region, near the present-day city of Beauvais, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. After they were defeated by Caesar in 57 BC, they gave lukewarm support to the Gallic revolt led by Vercingetorix in 52 BC. The Bellovaci nonetheless organized resistance against Rome in 51 BC. Name They are mentioned as ''Bellovacos'' and ''Bellovaci'' by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), ''Belloákoi'' (Βελλοάκοι) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), ''Bellovaci'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), and as ''Belloúakoi'' (Βελλούακοι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD). The ethnonym ''Bellovacī'' is a latinized form of Gaulish ''Bellouacoi'' (sing. ''Bellouacos''). The latter derives from the stem ''bello-'' ('strong, forceful'), but the translation of the suffix -''uaco-'' is uncertain. It could mean 'curved' (cf. Lat. ''uaccilare''), or else be related to the Irish ''fachain'' ('striving') and the Scottish Gaelic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caletes
The Caletes or Caleti (Gaulish: ''Caletoi'' "the hard tubborn, toughones"; or ''Calētī'') were a Belgic or Gallic tribe dwelling in Pays de Caux, in present-day Normandy, during the Iron Age and the Roman period. Name They are mentioned as ''Caletes'' (var. ''Caletos'', ''Cadetes'') by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), as ''Káletoi'' (Κάλετοι) and ''Kalétous'' (Καλέτους) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), as ''Galetos'' (var. ''Galletos'') by Pliny (1st c. AD), as ''Kalē̃tai'' (Καλη̃ται) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD), and as ''Caleti'' by Orosius (early 5th c. AD). The Gaulish ethnonym ''Caletoi'' literally means 'the hard ones', that is to say 'the stubborn' or 'the tough'. It derives from the Proto-Celtic stem ''*kaleto''- ('hard, cruel, strong'; cf. Old Irish ''calath'' 'heroic,'' Middle Welsh ''caled'' 'hard'), itself from Proto-Indo-European ''*ḱelto''-, meaning 'cold' (cf. Avest. ''sarǝta-'' 'cold', OEng. 'hero', Lat. 'to be hardened y the experience inse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bodiocasses
The Bodiocasses or Baiocasses were an ancient Gallic tribe of the Roman period. They were a tribal division of the ''civitas'' of the Lexovii, in the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis. Name Attestations They are mentioned as ''Bodiocasses'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), as ''Baiocassi'' by Ausonius (4th c. AD), and as ''Baiocas'' in the ''Notitia Dignitatum'' (5th c. AD)., s.v. ''Bodiocasses''. In Pliny's ''Natural History'', various manuscripts refer to this tribe as the ''Vadiocasses'', ''Bodiocasses'', or ''Bodicasses'', likely due to a copyist’s mistake. The Vadicassii (Οὐαδικάσσιοι) cited by Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD are probably a separate tribe, since he places them near the Meldi (Meaux), in the direction of Belgica. Etymology The Gaulish ethnonym ''Bodiocasses'' derives from the Proto-Celtic stem *''bodyo-'' ('yellow, blond'; cf. Old Irish ''buide'' 'yellow'). The meaning of the second element ''-casses'', attested in other Gaulish ethnonyms such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tricasses
The Tricasses were a Gallic tribe dwelling on the upper Seine and the Aube rivers during the Roman period. Until the first century AD, they were probably reckoned among the Senones. Name They are mentioned as ''Tricasses'' by Pliny (1st c. AD), and as ''Trikásioi'' (Τρικάσιοι) by Ptolemy (2nd c. AD)., s.v. ''Tricasses''. The Gaulish ethnonym ''Tricasses'' derives from the root for 'three', ''tri-''. The meaning of the second element ''-casses'', attested in other Gaulish ethnonyms such as '' Bodiocasses'', '' Durocasses'', '' Sucasses'', '' Veliocasses'' or '' Viducasses'', has been debated, but it probably signifies '(curly) hair, hairstyle' (cf. Old Irish ''chass'' 'curl'), perhaps referring to a particular warrior coiffure. The name ''Tricasses'' may thus be translated as 'the three-braided ones' or 'those of the three (many) curls'. The city of Troyes, attested ca. 400 AD as ''civitas Tricassium'' ('civitas of the Tricasses'; ''Trecassis'' in the 7th c., ''Treci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vexin
Vexin () is a historical county of northern France. It covers a verdant plateau on the right bank (north) of the Seine running roughly east to west between Pontoise and Romilly-sur-Andelle (about 20 km from Rouen), and north to south between Auneuil and the Seine near Vernon, Eure, Vernon. The plateau is crossed by the Epte and the Andelle river valleys. History The name ''Vexin'' is derived from a name for a List of peoples of Gaul, Gaulish tribe now known as the Veliocasses. They had inhabited the area and made Rouen their most important city. The Norsemen, Norse nobleman Rollo of Normandy (c. 846 – c. 931), the first ruler of the Viking principality that became Normandy, made several incursions into the western half of the county. He halted his actions when the Carolingian king Charles the Simple abandoned the part of the territory that Rollo occupied under the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte in 911. The terms of the treaty established the Duchy of Normandy and fixed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaulish
Gaulish is an extinct Celtic languages, Celtic language spoken in parts of Continental Europe before and during the period of the Roman Empire. In the narrow sense, Gaulish was the language of the Celts of Gaul (now France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine). In a wider sense, it also comprises varieties of Celtic that were spoken across much of central Europe ("Noric language, Noric"), parts of the Balkans, and Anatolia ("Galatian language, Galatian"), which are thought to have been closely related. The more divergent Lepontic language, Lepontic of Northern Italy has also sometimes been subsumed under Gaulish. Together with Lepontic and the Celtiberian language, Celtiberian spoken in the Iberian Peninsula, Gaulish is a member of the geographic group of Continental Celtic languages. The precise linguistic relationships among them, as well as between them and the modern Insul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
