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Vegetable Ivory
Vegetable ivory or Phytelephas, tagua nut is a product made from the very hard white endosperm of the seeds of certain Arecaceae, palm trees. Vegetable ivory is named for its resemblance to ivory, animal ivory. Vegetable ivory is naturally white with a fine marbled grain structure. It can be dyed; dyeing often brings out the grain. It is still commonly used in buttons, jewelry, and artistic carving. Location Species in the genus ''Phytelephas'' (literally "elephant plant"), native to South America, are the most important sources of vegetable ivory. The seeds of the Metroxylon amicarum, Caroline ivory-nut palm from the Caroline Islands, Metroxylon warburgii, natangura palm from Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, and the Hyphaene petersiana, real fan palm, from Sub-Saharan Africa, are also used to produce vegetable ivory. A tagua palm can take up to 15 years to mature. But once it gets to this stage it can go on producing vegetable ivory for up to 100 years. In any given year a tag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytelephas
''Phytelephas'' is a genus containing six known species of dioecious Arecaceae, palms (family (biology), family Arecaceae), occurring from southern Panama along the Andes to Ecuador, Bolivia, Colombia, northwestern Brazil, and Peru. They are commonly known as ivory palms, ivory-nut palms or tagua palms (); the Binomial nomenclature, scientific name ''Phytelephas'' means "plant ivory" or more literally, "plant elephant". This and the first two of the common names refer to the very hard white endosperm of their seeds (tagua nuts or jarina seeds), which resembles ivory, elephant ivory. Description They are medium-sized to tall palms reaching up to 20 m tall, with pinnate leaf, leaves. The "nut" is covered with Fruit anatomy, pericarp, which gets removed by animals. The kernel is covered with a brown, flaky skin and shaped like a small avocado, roughly 4–8 cm in diameter. The male plants produce Catkin, catkins up to three feet (0.9 meter) in length of male flowers, each beari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytelephas Macrocarpa
''Phytelephas macrocarpa'' is a single-stemmed, unarmed, reclining or erect palm from the extreme northern coastal regions of South America, growing to some 12 m tall. It has been introduced and cultivated in tropical regions all over the world. The trunk is about 30 cm across, with prominent leaf scars. The crown is made up of about 30 plume-like leaves or fronds, each about 8 m long, dead leaves being persistent. It is one of some 7 species of palm in the genus ''Phytelephas'', all of which have been exploited for vegetable ivory or tagua from the seed or corozo nut. The closely related ''Ammandra decasperma'' from Colombia, and ''Aphandra natalia'' from Ecuador, are also sources of vegetable ivory, but of inferior quality and therefore not commercially significant. 'Phytelephas macrocarpa' translates to ‘elephant plant’ with 'large fruit', the endosperm of the nut having the texture of elephant ivory, and consisting of large, thick-walled cells of two long-chain polysac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sculpture Materials
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, as clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or modelling, or moulded or cast. Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient cultures, though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost entirely. In addition, most ancient sculpture was painted, which has been lost. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
File (tool)
A file is a tool used to remove fine amounts of material from a workpiece. It is common in woodworking, metalworking, and other similar trade and hobby tasks. Most are hand tools, made of a case hardened steel bar of rectangular, square, triangular, or round cross-section, with one or more surfaces cut with sharp, generally parallel Tine (structural), teeth. A narrow, pointed Tang (tools), tang is common at one end, to which a handle may be fitted.. A rasp is a form of file with distinct, individually cut teeth used for coarsely removing large amounts of material. Files have also been developed with abrasive surfaces, such as natural or synthetic diamond tool, diamond grains or silicon carbide, allowing removal of material that would dull or resist steel files, such as ceramic. History Early filing or rasping has prehistoric roots and grew naturally out of the blending of the twin inspirations of cutting with stone cutting tools (such as hand axes) and abrasive, abrading u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hacksaw
A hacksaw is a fine-toothed saw, originally and mainly made for cutting metal. The equivalent saw for cutting wood is usually called a bow saw. Most hacksaws are hand saws with a C-shaped walking frame that holds a blade under tension. Such hacksaws have a handle, usually a pistol grip, with pins for attaching a narrow disposable blade. The frames may also be adjustable to accommodate blades of different sizes. A screw or other mechanism is used to put the thin blade under tension. On hacksaws, as with most frame saws, the blade can be mounted with the teeth facing toward or away from the handle, resulting in cutting action on either the push or pull stroke. In normal use, cutting vertically downwards with work held in a bench vise, hacksaw blades are set to be facing forwards. History While saws for cutting metal had been in use for many years, significant improvements in longevity and efficiency were made in the 1880s by Max Flower-Nash. George N. Clemson, a founder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chess Piece
A chess piece, or chessman, is a game piece that is placed on a chessboard to play the game of chess. It can be either White and Black in chess, white or black, and it can be one of six types: King (chess), king, Queen (chess), queen, Rook (chess), rook, Bishop (chess), bishop, Knight (chess), knight, or Pawn (chess), pawn. Chess sets generally come with sixteen pieces of each color. Additional pieces, usually an extra queen per color, may be provided for use in Promotion (chess), promotion or handicap games. Number Each player begins with sixteen pieces (but see the #Definitions, subsection below for other usage of the term ''piece''). The pieces that belong to each player are distinguished by color: the lighter colored pieces are referred to as "white" and the player that controls them as "White", whereas the darker colored pieces are referred to as "black" and the player that controls them as "Black". In a standard game, each of the two players begins with the following si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knife
A knife (: knives; from Old Norse 'knife, dirk') is a tool or weapon with a cutting edge or blade, usually attached to a handle or hilt. One of the earliest tools used by humanity, knives appeared at least Stone Age, 2.5 million years ago, as evidenced by the Oldowan tools. Originally made of wood, bone, and stone (such as flint and obsidian), over the centuries, in step with improvements in both metallurgy and manufacturing, knife blades have been made from copper, bronze, iron, steel, ceramic, and titanium. Most modern knives have either fixed or folding blades; blade patterns and styles vary by maker and country of origin. Knives can serve various purposes. Hunters use a hunting knife, soldiers use the combat knife, scouts, campers, and hiking, hikers carry a pocketknife; there are kitchen knives for preparing foods (the chef's knife, the paring knife, bread knife, cleaver), table knife (butter knives and steak knives), weapons (daggers or switchblades), knives for throwing o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dice
A die (: dice, sometimes also used as ) is a small, throwable object with marked sides that can rest in multiple positions. Dice are used for generating random values, commonly as part of tabletop games, including dice games, board games, role-playing games, and games of chance. A traditional die is a cube with each of its six faces marked with a different number of dots ( pips) from one to six. When thrown or rolled, the die comes to rest showing a random integer from one to six on its upper surface, with each value being equally likely. Dice may also have other polyhedral or irregular shapes, may have faces marked with numerals or symbols instead of pips and may have their numbers carved out from the material of the dice instead of marked on it. Loaded dice are specifically designed or modified to favor some results over others, for cheating or entertainment purposes. History Dice have been used since before recorded history, and their origin is uncertain. It is hypoth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rochester, New York
Rochester is a city in and the county seat, seat of government of Monroe County, New York, United States. It is the List of municipalities in New York, fourth-most populous city and 10th most-populated municipality in New York, with a population of 211,328 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. The city forms the core of the larger Rochester metropolitan area, New York, Rochester metropolitan area in Western New York, with a population of just over 1 million residents. Throughout its history, Rochester has acquired several nicknames based on local industries; it has been known as "History of Rochester, New York#Rochesterville and The Flour City, the Flour City" and "History of Rochester, New York#The Flower City, the Flower City" for its dual role in flour production and floriculture, and as the "World's Image Center" for its association with film, optics, and photography. The city was one of the United States' first boomtowns, initially due to the fertile Genesee River ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Button
A button is a fastener that joins two pieces of fabric together by slipping through a loop or by sliding through a buttonhole. In modern clothing and fashion design, buttons are commonly made of plastic but also may be made of metal, wood, or seashell. Buttons can also be used on containers such as wallets and bags. Buttons may be sewn onto garments and similar items exclusively for purposes of fashion, ornamentation. In the applied arts and crafts, craft, a button can be an example of folk art, studio craft, or even a miniature art object, work of art. In archaeology, a button can be a significant Artifact (archaeology), artifact. History Buttons and button-like objects used as ornaments or Seal (emblem), seals rather than fasteners have been discovered in the Indus Valley civilization during its Kot Diji phase (c. 2800–2600 BC). Buttons as apparel have been found at sites of the Catacomb culture, Russia (2500-1950 BC), at the Tomb of the Eagles, Scotland (2200–1800 BC), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytelephas Tenuicaulis
''Phytelephas tenuicaulis'' is a species of palm in the genus ''Phytelephas''. The compound leaves are around 7 meters in length, with stem diameters of 10 cm. Brown, ovulate fruits of about 6 cm are produced. Palms of the ''Phytelephas'' genus are also referred to as vegetable ivory palms. Distribution and habitat ''Phytelephas tenuicaulis'' is distributed in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The palms are distributed in the Amazon rainforest region in habitats of river plains and lowlands. Human uses Both humans and other animals have used the fruits produced by this species as food. In Ecuador, humans also have used leaves such as domestic or construction tools. In Peru, stems have been used for fences and houses and fruits have been used as medicine. Phylogeny ''Phytelephas'', or the vegetable ivory palms, are dispersed across South America. The clade has a total of eight species, and ''Phytelephas'' branches off to have six species. The phylogenetic relat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytelephas Seemannii
''Phytelephas seemannii'', commonly called Panama ivory palm, is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is one of the plants used for vegetable ivory. Names The species epithet ''seemannii'' honors botanist Berthold Carl Seemann who collected some of the first specimens, including the lectotype. In Spanish it is called (), (), and tagua. In Colombian Spanish it is additionally known as . In Guna it is , or . In both the Quechua and Choco languages it is called . Habitat ''Phytelephas seemannii'' is native to Colombia and Panama, with much of it growing in shaded areas by rivers in lowland rainforest in Colombia's Pacific/Chocó natural region. It is usually found at elevations from in semi-deciduous forests. Subspecies ''Phytelephas seemannii'' has two subspecies, ''P. s.'' ssp. ''brevipes'' and ''P. s.'' ssp. ''seemannii''. ''P. s.'' ssp. ''brevipes'' is endemic to the upper Mamoní Valley in Panama, at or below in elevation, and may be a hybrid of ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
