|
Vasil Glavinov
Vasil Kostov Glavinov ( Bulgarian and ; 1868 or 1869 – 1929) was a Bulgarian left-wing politician from Ottoman Macedonia, and an activist of the Bulgarian workers' movement. Life Glavinov studied in his native school in Veles ran by Yordan Hadzhikonstantinov-Dzhinot. Then he worked here, before moving to Sofia in 1887. There, he found employment in a brickworks, but later he went bankrupt, owing to the financial support which he gave to the first Bulgarian theatre troupe. In July 1891 on the initiative of Dimitar Blagoev, several social democratic circles united to form the Bulgarian Social democratic Party. In 1892, Glavinov became acquainted with Dimitar Blagoev's exposition of the Marxist view of history and in 1894 he entered the new Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers Party. In the same year, under Vasil Glavinov's leadership and in order of Blagoev, the first Social-Democratic group in Ottoman Macedonia was formed in Veles. In 1896, Glavinov founded a Macedonian-Adr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veles (city)
Veles ( ) is a city in the central part of North Macedonia on the Vardar river. The city of Veles is the seat of Veles Municipality. Veles is the seventh largest Macedonian city with a total population of 40,664 (census 2021). The largest cities in the proximity of Veles are: Skopje - the capital and the largest city of North Macedonia - 54 km in the northwest direction, Štip 43 km to the east, Sveti Nikole 34 km to the northeast, Prilep 79 km in the southwest direction, and Kavadarci and Negotino 43 km and 40 km respectively to the southeast. Veles is on the crossroad of important international road and rail lines. For all these reasons, Veles is considered to have a good geolocation within North Macedonia. Names Throughout the history Veles had many names, out of which three are most important. Vilazora was initially the Paeonian city Bylazora from the period of early Classical Antiquity. The city's name was Βελισσός ''Velissos'' in Ancient Greek. Later in the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gotse Delchev
Georgi Nikolov Delchev (; ; 4 February 1872 – 4 May 1903), known as Gotse Delchev or Goce Delčev (''Гоце Делчев''),Originally spelled in older Bulgarian orthography as ''Гоце Дѣлчевъ''. - Гоце Дѣлчевъ. Биография. П.К. Яворовъ, 1904. was a prominent Macedonian Bulgarian revolutionary ( komitadji) and one of the most important leaders of what is commonly known as the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), active in the Ottoman-ruled Macedonia and Adrianople regions, as well as in Bulgaria, at the turn of the 20th century. Delchev was IMRO's foreign representative in Sofia, the capital of the Principality of Bulgaria. As such, he was also a member of the Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee (SMAC), participating in the work of its governing body. He was killed in a skirmish with an Ottoman unit on the eve of the Ilinden-Preobrazhenie uprising. Born into a Bulgarian family in Kilkis, then in the Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balkan Wars
The Balkan Wars were two conflicts that took place in the Balkans, Balkan states in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan states of Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg), Greece, Kingdom of Serbia, Serbia, Kingdom of Montenegro, Montenegro and Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bulgaria declared war upon the Ottoman Empire and defeated it, in the process stripping the Ottomans of their European provinces, leaving only East Thrace, Eastern Thrace under Ottoman control. In the Second Balkan War, Bulgaria fought against the other four combatants of the first war. It also faced an attack from Kingdom of Romania, Romania from the north. The Ottoman Empire lost the bulk of its territory in Europe. Although not involved as a combatant, Austria-Hungary became relatively weaker as a much enlarged Serbia pushed for union of the South Slavs, Slavic peoples. The war set the stage for the July Crisis, July crisis of 1914 and as a prelude to the First World War. By the early 20th century, Bul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Young Turks
The Young Turks (, also ''Genç Türkler'') formed as a constitutionalist broad opposition-movement in the late Ottoman Empire against the absolutist régime of Sultan Abdul Hamid II (). The most powerful organization of the movement, and the most conflated, was the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP, founded in 1889), though its goals, strategies, and membership continuously morphed throughout Abdul Hamid's reign. By the 1890s, the Young Turks were mainly a loose and contentious network of exiled intelligentsia who made a living by selling their newspapers to secret subscribers. Included in the opposition movement was a mosaic of ideologies, represented by democrats, liberals, decentralists, secularists, social Darwinists, technocrats, constitutional monarchists, and nationalists. Despite being called "the Young Turks", the group was of an ethnically diverse background; including Turks, Albanian, Aromanian, Arab, Armenian, Azeri, Circassian, Greek, Kurdish, and Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macedonian Question
The region of Macedonia is known to have been inhabited since Paleolithic times. Еarliest historical inhabitants The earliest historical inhabitants of the region were the Pelasgians, the Bryges and the Thracians. The Pelasgians occupied Emathia and the Bryges occupied northern Epirus, as well as Macedonia, mainly west of the Axios River and parts of Mygdonia. Thracians, in early times occupied mainly the eastern parts of Macedonia, (Mygdonia, Crestonia, Bisaltia). The Ancient Macedonians are missing from early historical accounts because they had been living in the southern extremities of the region – the Orestian highlands – since before the Dark Ages. The Macedonian tribes subsequently moved down from Orestis in the upper Haliacmon due to pressure from the Orestae. Ancient Macedonians The name of the region of Macedonia (, ''Makedonia'') derives from the tribal name of the ancient Macedonians (, ''Makedónes''). According to the Greek historian Herodotus, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belgrade
Belgrade is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin, Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. The population of the Belgrade metropolitan area is 1,685,563 according to the 2022 census. It is one of the Balkans#Urbanization, major cities of Southeast Europe and the List of cities and towns on the river Danube, third-most populous city on the river Danube. Belgrade is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited cities in Europe and the world. One of the most important prehistoric cultures of Europe, the Vinča culture, evolved within the Belgrade area in the 6th millennium BC. In antiquity, Thracians, Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region and, after 279 BC, Celts settled the city, naming it ''Singidunum, Singidūn''. It was Roman Serbia, conquered by the Romans under the reign of Augustus and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Socialist Party
The Ottoman Socialist Party (, OSF) was the first Turkish socialism, socialist political party, founded in the Ottoman Empire in 1910. History Before the formation of the party, socialist parties or groupings only existed among the Ottoman Empire's minorities, the Thessaloniki, Selanik predominantly Jewish Socialist Workers' Federation and Bulgarians, Bulgarian left-wing party called People's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section), as well as to some Bulgarian ''Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Narrow Socialists), narrow socialists'', who worked there. On the other hand, there were the Istanbul Greek Socialist Center, the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. As Ezel Kural Shaw has written in her ''History of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey'', the Ottoman Socialist Party "gained its main support from the Armenian and Bulgarian groups in the Parliament". The Ottoman Socialist Party was actually not a real political party in the mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of The Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs
Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs, also known as Union of the Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs (), was an ethnic Bulgarian political party in the Ottoman Empire, created after the Young Turk Revolution, by members of the Internal Macedonian Adrianople Revolutionary Organization. The party functioned for a little over a year - from September 1908 until November 1909. Its main political rival was the Peoples' Federative Party (Bulgarian Section). Inauguration, ideas and goals The Constituent assembly of the party was held between 7 and 13 September 1908 in Solun. Attending the congress were 72 representatives of the Macedonian-Bulgarian middle class, but only two farmers, one craftsman and one worker. A statute and an agenda of the organization were soon established: Toma Karayovov, Vladimir Rumenov, Todor Lazarov were voted members of the Central Committee. Among the founders of the party were also Georgi Kulishev, Georgi Bazhdarov, Kiril Parlichev, Andon Dimitrov, Hristo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section)
The People's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section) () or just People's Federative Party (PFP) () was a Bulgarian political party in the Ottoman Empire, created after the Young Turk Revolution, by members of the left-wing of the Internal Macedonian Adrianople Revolutionary Organization (IMARO). The Party decided to name itself ''Bulgarian Section'', since it was hoped that other nationalities from European Turkey would adopt its program and form their own ethnic sections, but this didn't happen. Per its statute members of the ''Bulgarian Section'' could be Bulgarians, who are Ottoman citizens, at least 20 years old.Denis Ljuljanovic, (2023) Imagining Macedonia in the Age of Empire, State Policies, Networks and Violence (1878-1912), Lit Verlag, , p. 221. It functioned for one year from August 1909 until August 1910. Their main political rival was the Union of the Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs. Origins image:Jane Sandanski Manifest 1908.jpg, The manifesto proclaimed by Yane San ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Young Turk Revolution
The Young Turk Revolution (July 1908; ) was a constitutionalist revolution in the Ottoman Empire. Revolutionaries belonging to the Internal Committee of Union and Progress, an organization of the Young Turks movement, forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II to restore the Constitution of the Ottoman Empire, Constitution, recall the General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire, parliament, and schedule an 1908 Ottoman general election, election. Thus began the Second Constitutional Era which lasted from 1908–1912 and also the Turkish Revolution, an era of political instability and social change which lasted for more than four decades. The revolution took place in Rumelia, Ottoman Rumeli in the context of the Macedonian Struggle and the increasing instability of the Hamidian regime. It began with CUP member Ahmed Niyazi Bey, Ahmed Niyazi's flight into the Albanian highlands. He was soon joined by Enver Pasha, İsmail Enver, Eyüp Sabri Akgöl, Eyub Sabri, and other Unionist officers. They networke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantonal
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the Federated state, member states of the Switzerland, Swiss Confederation. The nucleus of the Swiss Confederacy in the form of the first three confederate allies used to be referred to as the . Two important periods in the development of the Old Swiss Confederacy are summarized by the terms ('Eight Cantons'; from 1353 to 1481) and ('Thirteen Cantons', from 1513 to 1798).rendered "the 'confederacy of eight'" and "the 'Thirteen-Canton Confederation'", respectively, in: Each canton of the Old Swiss Confederacy, formerly also ('lieu/locality', from before 1450), or ('estate', from ), was a fully sovereignty, sovereign state with its own border controls, army, and currency from at least the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848, with a brief period of centralised government during the Helvetic Republic (1798–1803). The term has been widely used since the 19th century. "" The number of canton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balkan Socialist Federation
In late 19th and throughout the 20th century, the establishment of a Balkan Federation had been a recurrent suggestion of various political factions in the Balkans. The concept of a Balkan federation emerged in the late 19th century among left-wing political forces in the region. The central aim was to establish a new political unity: a common federal republic unifying the Balkan Peninsula on the basis of internationalism, socialism, social solidarity, and economic equality. The underlying vision was that, despite differences among the region's ethnic groups, the historical need for emancipation was a common basis for unification. This political concept went through three phases in its development. In the first phase the idea was articulated as a response to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of the 20th century. In the second phase, mostly through the interwar period (1919–1936), the idea of the Balkan federation was taken up by the Balkan Communist parties. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
