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Valentin Falin
Valentin Mikhailovich Falin (; 3 April 1926 – 22 February 2018) was a Soviet diplomat and politician. Early life Falin was born in Leningrad. He graduated from the Moscow State Institute of International Relations in 1950. Career From 1951 to 1958, he worked at the USSR Foreign Ministry. From 1971 to 1978, he was the Ambassador of the USSR to the Federal Republic of Germany. In 1978, he was appointed First Deputy Chief of the International Information Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU, a post he left in January 1983 for personal reasons. From 1982 to 1986 he was a political observer, then editor and chief editor in the newspaper Izvestia. On 10 March 1986 Falin was elected by the Council of Sponsors of the Novosti Press Agency to the position of chairman of the APN board. In 1988–1991 he was the Chief of the International Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU),. A ...
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International Department Of The Communist Party Of The Soviet Union
The International Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was a department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union that oversaw the Party's relationships with foreign Communist Parties as well as with international communist front organizations. History It inherited the files and some of the personnel of the Communist International, which disbanded in 1943. The International Department was founded in 1943 at roughly the same time as the Comintern's dissolution. The Party's relations with international front groups was managed by the Department's International Social Organizations Sector. Leadership *1943, 27 December – 1945, 29 December: Georgi Dimitrov *1946, 13 April – 1949, 12 March: Mikhail Suslov *1949 – 1953: Vagan Grigoryan *1953 – 1954: Mikhail Suslov *1954 – 1955: Vasily Stepanov *1955 – 1986: Boris Ponomarev (the first deputy director from 1938 to 1955, deputy director of the Cominform from ...
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Soviet People
The Soviet people () were the citizens and nationals of the Soviet Union. This demonym was presented in the ideology of the country as the "new historical unity of peoples of different nationalities" (). Nationality policy in the Soviet Union During the history of the Soviet Union, different doctrines and practices on ethnic distinctions within the Soviet population were applied at different times. Minority national cultures were never completely abolished. Instead the Soviet definition of national cultures required them to be "socialist by content and national by form", an approach that was used to promote the official aims and values of the state. The goal was always to cement the nationalities together in a common state structure. In the 1920s and the early 1930s, the policy of national delimitation was used to demarcate separate areas of national culture into territorial-administrative units, and the policy of korenizatsiya (indigenisation) was used to promote involvement ...
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Academy Of Foreign Intelligence
The Academy of Foreign Intelligence (alternatively known as the SVR Academy, previously known as the Yuri Andropov Red Banner Institute and the Red Banner Institute) is one of the primary espionage academies of Russia, and previously the Soviet Union, serving the KGB and its successor organization, the Foreign Intelligence Service. It was attended by future President Vladimir Putin during the 1980s. Location The school is located north of Moscow, with a main facility north of Chelebityevo () and a secondary facility at Yurlovo (). History An earlier iteration of the school was founded in 1938 and first called the Special Purpose School (''Shkola osovogo naznacheniya'', SHON) under NKVD. It was renamed the Higher Intelligence School (''VRSh'') from 1948 to 1968. It was alternatively known as School 1010 or the 101st School, and referred to as K1 or ''Gridnevka'' by students. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, student enrollment dropped from approximately 300 to arou ...
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Moscow State Linguistic University
Moscow State Linguistic University (), previously known as Maurice Thorez Moscow State Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages ( and still often referred to as InYaz) is a university in Moscow, Russia. It is the largest and the oldest university in Russia that specializes in linguistics and foreign languages. There are about 10,000 students and postgraduates in the university. Education is available in 35 languages. History * 1804 – By the High Ukaz of Emperor Alexander I, the Moscow Imperial Commercial School is created teaching the English, French, German, and Latin languages. * 1806 – The school moves into a historic building – the house of the former general-governor of Moscow, Peter Eropkin, on Ostozhenka (today this is the main campus of MSLU). * 1930 – 13 years after the Russian Revolution a school of languages is revived within the same building as previously: by the order of NARKOM the Moscow Institute of New Languages is created. The first rector is O. G. A ...
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Romance Languages
The Romance languages, also known as the Latin or Neo-Latin languages, are the languages that are Language family, directly descended from Vulgar Latin. They are the only extant subgroup of the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. The five list of languages by number of native speakers, most widely spoken Romance languages by number of native speakers are: * Spanish language, Spanish (489 million): official language in Spain, Mexico, Equatorial Guinea, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, SADR, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and most of Central America, Central and South America * French language, French (310 million): official in 26 countries * Portuguese language, Portuguese (240 million): official in Portugal, Brazil, Portuguese-speaking African countries, Portuguese-speaking Africa, Timor-Leste and Macau * Italian language, Italian (67 million): official in Italy, Vatican City, San Marino, Switzerland; mi ...
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Giulio Andreotti
Giulio Andreotti ( ; ; 14 January 1919 – 6 May 2013) was an Italian politician and wikt:statesman, statesman who served as the 41st prime minister of Italy in seven governments (1972–1973, 1976–1979, and 1989–1992), and was leader of the Christian Democracy (Italy), Christian Democracy party and its right-wing; he was the sixth-longest-serving prime minister since the Italian unification and the second-longest-serving post-war prime minister. Andreotti is widely considered the most powerful and prominent politician of the First Republic (Italy), First Republic. Beginning as a protégé of Alcide De Gasperi, Andreotti achieved cabinet rank at a young age and occupied all the major offices of the state over the course of a 40-year political career, being seen as a reassuring figure by the civil service, the business community, and the Vatican. Domestically, he contained inflation following the 1973 oil crisis, founded the Healthcare in Italy, National Healthcare Service (' ...
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Banco Ambrosiano
Banco Ambrosiano was an Italian bank that was established in 1896 and collapsed in 1982. The Vatican-based Institute for the Works of Religion, commonly known as the ''Vatican Bank'', was Banco Ambrosiano's main shareholder. The Vatican Bank was accused of funnelling covert United States funds to the Polish trade union Solidarity and to the Nicaraguan Contras through Banco Ambrosiano. Members * Franco Ratti, chairman * Carlo Canesi, senior manager then chairman of Banco Ambrosiano Holding starting from 1965 * Roberto Calvi, general manager of Banco Ambrosiano since 1971, appointed chairman from 1975 to his death in June 1982; he was often referred to as "God's Banker" because of his close financial ties with the Vatican * Paul Marcinkus, president of Vatican Bank (aka ''" Istituto per le Opere di Religione"''), had been a director of Ambrosiano Overseas, based in Nassau, Bahamas * Carlo De Benedetti became deputy-chairman for less than two months, after Roberto Calvi's tria ...
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Lugano
Lugano ( , , ; ) is a city and municipality within the Lugano District in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland. It is the largest city in both Ticino and the Italian-speaking region of southern Switzerland. Lugano has a population () of , and an urban agglomeration of over 150,000. It is the List of cities in Switzerland, ninth largest Swiss city. The city lies on Lake Lugano, at its largest width, and, together with the adjacent town of Paradiso, Switzerland, Paradiso, occupies the entire bay of Lugano. The territory of the municipality encompasses a much larger region on both sides of the lake, with numerous isolated villages. The region of Lugano is surrounded by the Lugano Prealps, the latter extending on most of the Sottoceneri region, the southernmost part of Ticino and Switzerland. Both western and eastern parts of the municipality share an international border with Italy. Described as a market town since 984, Lugano was the object of continuous disputes between the soverei ...
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Leonid Brezhnev
Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (19 December 190610 November 1982) was a Soviet politician who served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964 until Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev, his death in 1982 as well as the fourth List of heads of state of the Soviet Union, chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (head of state) from 1960 to 1964 and again from 1977 to 1982. His 18-year term as General Secretary was second only to Joseph Stalin's in duration. Brezhnev was born to a working-class family in Kamianske, Kamenskoye (now Kamianske, Ukraine) within the Yekaterinoslav Governorate of the Russian Empire. After the results of the October Revolution were finalized with the creation of the Soviet Union, Brezhnev joined the Communist party's youth league in 1923 before becoming an official party member in 1929. When Operation Barbarossa, Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, he joined the Red Army as a Political commissar, ...
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Novosti Press Agency
RIA Novosti (), sometimes referred to as RIAN () or RIA (), is a Russian state-owned domestic news agency. On 9 December 2013, by a decree of Vladimir Putin, it was liquidated and its assets and workforce were transferred to the newly created Rossiya Segodnya agency. On 8 April 2014, RIA Novosti was registered as part of the new agency. RIA Novosti is headquartered in Moscow. The chief editor is Anna Gavrilova. Content RIA Novosti was scheduled to be closed down in 2014; starting in March 2014, staff were informed that they had the option of transferring their contracts to Rossiya Segodnya or sign a redundancy contract. On 10 November 2014, Rossiya Segodnya launched the Sputnik multimedia platform as the international replacement of RIA Novosti and Voice of Russia. Within Russia itself, however, Rossiya Segodnya continues to operate its Russian language news service under the name RIA Novosti with itria.ruwebsite. The agency published news and analyses of social-political ...
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Izvestia
''Izvestia'' ( rus, Известия, r=Izvestiya, p=ɪzˈvʲesʲtʲɪjə, "The News") is a daily broadsheet newspaper in Russia. Founded in February 1917, ''Izvestia'', which covered foreign relations, was the organ of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, disseminating official state propaganda. It is now described as a "national newspaper" of Russia. The word ''wikt:известие#Russian, izvestiya'' in Russian means "bring news" or "tidings", "herald" (an official messenger bringing news), derived from the verb ''izveshchat'' ("to inform", "to notify"). History 1917–1991 During the Soviet period, while ''Pravda'' served as the official mouthpiece of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party, ''Izvestia'' expressed the official views of the Soviet government as published by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Its full name was ''Izvestija Sovjetov Narodnyh Djeputatov SSSR'' (in Russian, ''Известия Советов народных � ...
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Federal Republic Of Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen constituent states have a total population of over 84 million in an area of , making it the most populous member state of the European Union. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Settlement in the territory of modern Germany began in the Lower Paleolithic, with various tribes inhabiting it from the Neolithic onward, chiefly the Celts. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity. A region named Germania was documented before AD 100. In 962, the Kingdom of Germa ...
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