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Uxelodunum
Uxelodunum (with the alternative Roman name of Petriana and the modern name of Stanwix Fort) was a Ancient Rome, Roman castra, fort with associated civilian settlement (''vicus'') in modern-day Carlisle, Cumbria, Carlisle, Cumbria, England. It was the largest fort on Hadrian's Wall and is now buried beneath the suburb of Stanwix. The map shows the confluence of the River Caldew with the River Eden, Cumbria, River Eden. The site of the Castra, Roman fort of Stanwix ( ''Petriana'' ) on Hadrian's Wall, shown to the north of the River Eden, is within the designated World Heritage Site (SHADED POLYGON) Roman name The fort was called Petrianis in the Notitia Dignitatum, but on the Ravenna Cosmography it is called Uxellodamo. On the Rudge Cup it is spelled . On the Rudge Cup#Amiens Skillet, Amiens Skillet it is spelled . It is also spelled on the Staffordshire Moorlands Pan. The name Petrianis comes from the cohort that was stationed there, which appears to be a latinisation of a C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luguvallum
Luguvalium (or ''Luguvalium Carvetiorum'') was an ancient Roman city in northern Britain located within present-day Carlisle, Cumbria, and may have been the capital of the 4th-century province of Valentia. It was the northernmost city of the Roman Empire. Location The city was located on a crossroads of major Roman north-south and east-west roads and situated near to the Roman frontier, first defined by the Stanegate road and then by Hadrian's Wall, leading to Luguvalium’s development as a supply base and major military and commercial centre. It also protected a strategic location and trade route overlooking the confluence of the Caldew and Eden rivers. Today the Roman city is located mainly under the modern city of Carlisle, but the Roman fort around which the settlement developed is mainly beneath the grounds of the later Carlisle Castle. Name The Romans called the settlement which is now explained as a borrowed Brittonic placename reconstructed as *Luguwalion, m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanwix
Stanwix is a district of Carlisle, Cumbria in North West England. The ward population (called Stanwix Urban) had a population taken at the 2011 census of 5,934. It is located on the north side of River Eden, across from Carlisle city centre. Although long counted as a suburb it did not officially become part of the city until 1912 when part of the civil parish of Stanwix became part of the parish, city and municipal borough of Carlisle. Further areas were added to the city, which was by then a county borough, in 1934 and 1951. The remaining part of the parish was eventually renamed Stanwix Rural in 1966. Etymology 'Stanwix' means " 'stone wall(s)', v. 'stǣna', 'wag' or 'veggr' 'Stǣna' is Old English and 'veggr' is Old Norse and cognate with Old English 'wag'. Stanwix is built on the site of a Roman fort known as Uxelodunum or Petriana, the former meaning "high fort". " Dun" is a Celtic word for fort which is to be found in many place-names. Location The former village ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camboglanna
Camboglanna (with the modern name of Castlesteads) was a Roman fort. It was the twelfth fort on Hadrian's Wall counting from the east, between Banna ( Birdoswald) almost to the east and Uxelodunum ( Stanwix), 9 miles to the west. It was on a high bluff commanding the Cambeck Valley. It guarded an important approach to the Wall and also watched the east bank of the Cambeck against raiders from the Bewcastle area. The site was drastically levelled in 1791 when the gardens of Castlesteads House were laid over it. The name "Camboglanna" is believed to mean "Crook Bank", or "Bent Valley" because it overlooks a bend in the river Irthing; the name is Brythonic, made of cambo- "curved, bent, crooked" and glanna "steep bank, stream/river side, valley with a stream". There was some confusion over the Roman name for the fort. At one time Camboglanna was the accepted name for Birdoswald, but this is now believed to be an error in the '' Notitia Dignitatum''. The Roman name for Birdos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadrian's Wall
Hadrian's Wall (, also known as the ''Roman Wall'', Picts' Wall, or ''Vallum Aelium'' in Latin) is a former defensive fortification of the Roman province of Roman Britain, Britannia, begun in AD 122 in the reign of the Emperor Hadrian. Running from Wallsend on the River Tyne in the east to Bowness-on-Solway in the west of what is now northern England, it was a stone wall with large ditches in front and behind, stretching across the whole width of the island. Soldiers were garrisoned along the line of the wall in large Castra, forts, smaller milecastles, and intervening Turret (Hadrian's Wall), turrets. In addition to the wall's defensive military role, its gates may have been customs posts. Hadrian's Wall Path generally runs close along the wall. Almost all the standing masonry of the wall was removed in early modern times and used for local roads and farmhouses. None of it stands to its original height, but modern work has exposed much of the footings, and some segments d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milecastle 65
Milecastle 65 (Tarraby) was a milecastle on Hadrian's Wall (). Description Milecastle 65 is located about 1 km northwest of the Roman fort of Petriana on a west-facing slope 150 metres southwest of the hamlet of Tarraby in the City of Carlisle district. There are no visible remains of the milecastle. A Roman altar and a sword were supposedly found near this site in the 19th century. To the south, a short section of the Vallum can be seen in the fields, running parallel to the B6264 road. It survives as a broad depression 10 metres wide and 0.5 metres deep. Excavations A trial excavation was conducted at the southwest corner of the milecastle in 1976, following a geophysical survey. At least two courses of foundations were found to survive, and the geophysical survey indicated that internal cobble flooring survives as buried remains. The milecastle is thought to be of the short axis type. Associated turrets Each milecastle on Hadrian's Wall had two associated turret structu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dun (fortification)
A dun is an ancient or medieval fort. In Great Britain and Ireland it is mainly a kind of hillfort and also a kind of Atlantic roundhouse. Etymology The term comes from Irish ''dún'' or Scottish Gaelic ''dùn'' (meaning "fort"), and is cognate with Old Welsh ''din'' (whence Welsh ''dinas'' "city" comes). In certain instances, place-names containing ''Dun-'' or similar in Northern England and Southern Scotland, may be derived from a Brittonic cognate of the Welsh form ''din''. In this region, substitution of the Brittonic form by the Gaelic equivalent may have been widespread in toponyms. The Dacian dava (hill fort) is probably etymologically cognate. Details In some areas duns were built on any suitable crag or hillock, particularly south of the Firth of Clyde and the Firth of Forth. There are many duns on the west coast of Ireland and they feature in Irish mythology. For example, the tale of the '' Táin Bó Flidhais'' features Dún Chiortáin and Dún Chaochá ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudge Cup
The Rudge Cup is a small enamelled bronze cup found in 1725 at Rudge, near Froxfield, in Wiltshire, England. The cup was found down a well on the site of a Roman villa. It is important in that it lists five of the forts on the western section of Hadrian's Wall, thus aiding scholars in identifying the forts correctly. The information on the cup has been compared with the two major sources of information regarding forts on the Wall, the ''Notitia Dignitatum'' and the ''Ravenna Cosmography''. The cup is in the possession of the Duke of Northumberland and is on display at Alnwick Castle. A replica of the cup is on display at the British Museum. Description and use The cup is 46mm high, with a rim diameter of 89-93mm (once circular, now a little squashed). The base, now missing, is 58mm in diameter. The Champlevé enamelling is in three zones: a lower zone consisting of a grid of rectangles; a central zone consisting of fourteen alternating rectangles (these being subdivided into fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uxellodunum
Uxellodunum is an Iron Age hill fort, or '' oppidum'', located above the river Dordogne near the modern-day French village of Vayrac in the Lot department. This stronghold lay within the lands of the Cadurci tribe. According to Aulus Hirtius in his addendum to Julius Caesar's '' Commentaries on the Gallic War'', the last revolt against Rome's authority in Gaul occurred here, and was brutally punished. The ''Commentaries on the Gallic War'' describe Uxellodunum as being strongly fortified by its natural position, with a river dividing the valley below that almost surrounded the steep craggy mountain on which the citadel was built. The name apparently means "high fort"; " dun" is a Celtic word for fort, which is to be found in many place-names. Description of siege The main source of information about the siege in 51 BC is Book 8 of the ''Commentaries on the Gallic War''. The siege is also mentioned briefly by the engineer Sextus Julius Frontinus in his book '' Stratag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
England
England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It shares Anglo-Scottish border, a land border with Scotland to the north and England–Wales border, another land border with Wales to the west, and is otherwise surrounded by the North Sea to the east, the English Channel to the south, the Celtic Sea to the south-west, and the Irish Sea to the west. Continental Europe lies to the south-east, and Ireland to the west. At the 2021 United Kingdom census, 2021 census, the population was 56,490,048. London is both List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, the largest city and the Capital city, capital. The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Paleolithic. It takes its name from the Angles (tribe), Angles, a Germanic peoples, Germanic tribe who settled du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Welsh Language
Welsh ( or ) is a Celtic languages, Celtic language of the Brittonic languages, Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people. Welsh is spoken natively in Wales by about 18% of the population, by some in England, and in (the Welsh colony in Chubut Province, Argentina). It is spoken by smaller numbers of people in Canada and the United States descended from Welsh immigrants, within their households (especially in Nova Scotia). Historically, it has also been known in English as "British", "Cambrian", "Cambric" and "Cymric". The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 gave the Welsh language official status in Wales. Welsh and English are ''de jure'' official languages of the Senedd (the Welsh parliament), with Welsh being the only ''de jure'' official language in any part of the United Kingdom, with English being merely ''de facto'' official. According to the 2021 United Kingdom census, 2021 census, the Welsh-speaking population of Wales aged three or older was 538,300 ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonine Wall
The Antonine Wall () was a turf fortification on stone foundations, built by the Romans across what is now the Central Belt of Scotland, between the Firth of Clyde and the Firth of Forth. Built some twenty years after Hadrian's Wall to the south, and intended to supersede it, while it was garrisoned it was the northernmost frontier barrier of the Roman Empire. It spanned approximately and was about high and wide. Lidar scans have been carried out to establish the length of the wall and the Roman distance units used. Security was bolstered by a deep ditch on the northern side. It is thought that there was a wooden palisade on top of the turf. The barrier was the second of two "great walls" created by the Romans in Great Britain in the second century AD. Its ruins are less evident than those of the better-known and longer Hadrian's Wall to the south, primarily because the turf and wood wall has largely weathered away, unlike its stone-built southern predecessor. Construction be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
