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Ustilago Maydis
''Ustilago'' is a genus of approximately 200 smut (fungus), smut fungi, which are parasitic on Poaceae, grasses. 170 species are accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020; After phylogenetic research certain species in ''Ustilago'', ''Macalpinomyces'', and other genera in the Ustilaginaceae clade have been moved to other genera such as ''Mycosarcoma''. Uses ''Ustilago maydis'' is eaten as a traditional Mexican food in many parts of the country, and is even available canned. Farmers have even been known to spread the spores around on purpose to create more of the fungus. It is known in central Mexico by the Nahuatl name corn smut, huitlacoche. Peasants in other parts of the country call it "hongo de maíz," i.e. "maize fungus." The genome of ''U. maydis'' has been sequenced in 2006. Hosts Some selected species and hosts; * ''Ustilago avenae'' (Pers.) Rostr. - loose smut of Avena, oats * ''Ustilago brizae, U. brizae'' - on ''Briza media'' * ''Ustilago bullata, U. bullata'' - brome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Hendrik Persoon
Christiaan Hendrik Persoon (31 December 1761 – 16 November 1836) was a Cape Colony mycologist who is recognized as one of the founders of mycology, mycological Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy. Early life Persoon was born in Cape Colony at the Cape of Good Hope, the third child of an immigrant Pomeranian father, Christiaan Daniel Persoon, and Netherlands, Dutch mother, Wilhelmina Elizabeth Groenwald. His mother died soon after he was born. In 1775, at the age of thirteen, he was sent to Europe for his education. His father died a year later in 1776. Education Initially a student of theology at University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Persoon switched his studies to medicine, which he pursued in Leiden and then Göttingen. He received a doctorate from the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher in Erlangen 1799. Later years He moved to Paris by 1803, where he spent the rest of his life, renting the upper floor of a house in a poor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ustilago Esculenta
''Ustilago esculenta'' is a species of fungus in the Ustilaginaceae, a family of smut fungi. It is in the same genus as the fungi that cause corn smut, loose smut of barley, false loose smut, covered smut of barley, loose smut of oats, and other grass diseases. This species is pathogenic as well, attacking Manchurian wild rice (''Zizania latifolia''), also known as Manchurian ricegrass, Asian wild rice,Terrell, E. E. and L. R. Batra. (1982)''Zizania latifolia'' and ''Ustilago esculenta'', a grass-fungus association.''Economic Botany'' 36(3) 274–85. and wateroat.Chen, R. and D. D. Tzeng. (1999)PCR-mediated detection of ''Ustilago esculenta'' in wateroat (''Zizania latifolia'') by ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences.''Plant Pathology Bulletin'' 8 149–156. This grass is its only known host.Chung, K. and D. D. Tzeng. (2004)Nutritional requirements of the edible gall-producing fungus ''Ustilago esculenta''.''Journal of Biological Sciences'' 4(2) 246–52. ''Zizani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Index Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is somewhat comparable to the International Plant Names Index (IPNI), in which the Royal Botanic Gardens is also involved. A difference is that where IPNI does not indicate correct names, the ''Index Fungorum'' does indicate the status of a name. In the returns from the search page, a currently correct name is indicated in green, while others are in blue (a few, aberrant usages of names are indicated in red). All names are linked to pages giving the correct name, with lists of synonyms. ''Index Fungorum'' is one of three nomenclatural repositories recognized by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi; the others are '' MycoBank'' and '' Fungal Names''. As of 2023, over a millio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corn Smut
Corn smut is a plant disease caused by the pathogenic fungus ''Mycosarcoma maydis'', synonym ''Ustilago maydis''. One of several cereal crop pathogens called smut, the fungus forms galls on all above-ground parts of corn species such as maize and teosinte. The infected corn is edible; in Mexico, it is considered a delicacy, called , often eaten as a filling in quesadillas and other tortilla-based dishes, as well as in soups. Etymology In Mexico, corn smut is known as (, sometimes spelled ). This word entered Spanish in Mexico from Classical Nahuatl, though the Nahuatl words from which is derived are debated. In modern Nahuatl, the word for is (), and some sources deem to be the classical form. See entries for "huitlacoche" and "cuicacoche o cuiltacoche". Some sources wrongly give the etymology as coming from the Nahuatl words ("excrement" or "rear-end", actually meaning " excrescence") and ("sleeping", from "to sleep"), thus giving a combined mis-meaning of "sl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ustilago Tritici
''Ustilago tritici'' is a plant pathogen Accessed October 19, 2012. infecting barley; rye and wheat. References Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Barley diseases Rye diseases Wheat diseases Ustilaginomycotina Fungus species {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinochloa
''Echinochloa'' is a very widespread genus of plants in the grass family and tribe Paniceae. Some of the species are known by the common names barnyard grass or cockspur grass. Some of the species within this genus are millets that are grown as cereal or fodder crops. The most notable of these are Japanese millet (''E. esculenta'') in East Asia, Indian barnyard millet (''E. frumentacea'') in South Asia, and burgu millet (''E. stagnina'') in West Africa. Collectively, the members of this genus are called barnyard grasses (though this may also refer to '' E. crus-galli'' specifically), and are also known as barnyard millets or billion-dollar grasses. When not grown on purpose, these grasses may become a nuisance to farmers. In particular, common barnyard grass (''E. crus-galli'') is notorious as a weed. It is not easily suppressed with living mulches such as velvet bean (''Mucuna pruriens'' var. ''utilis''). Early barnyard grass (''E. oryzoides'') is a well-known example ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinochloa Crus-galli
''Echinochloa crus-galli'' is a type of wild grass originating from tropical Asia that was formerly classified as a type of panicum grass. It is commonly known as cockspur (or cockspur grass), barnyard millet, Japanese millet, water grass, common barnyard grass, or simply "barnyard grass" (which may refer to any species of '' Echinochloa'' or the genus as a whole however). This plant can grow to in height and has long, flat leaves which are often purplish at the base. Most stems are upright, but some will spread out over the ground. Stems are flattened at the base. The seed heads are a distinctive feature, often purplish, with large millet-like seeds in crowded spikelets. Considered one of the world's worst weeds, it reduces crop yields and causes forage crops to fail by removing up to 80% of the available soil nitrogen. It acts as a host for several mosaic virus diseases.Heuzé V., Thiollet H., Tran G., Lebas F., 2017. Cockspur grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) forage. Feediped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ustilago Trichophora
''Ustilago'' is a genus of approximately 200 smut fungi, which are parasitic on grasses. 170 species are accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020; After phylogenetic research certain species in ''Ustilago'', '' Macalpinomyces'', and other genera in the Ustilaginaceae clade have been moved to other genera such as '' Mycosarcoma''. Uses ''Ustilago maydis'' is eaten as a traditional Mexican food in many parts of the country, and is even available canned. Farmers have even been known to spread the spores around on purpose to create more of the fungus. It is known in central Mexico by the Nahuatl name huitlacoche. Peasants in other parts of the country call it "hongo de maíz," i.e. "maize fungus." The genome of ''U. maydis'' has been sequenced in 2006. Hosts Some selected species and hosts; * ''Ustilago avenae'' (Pers.) Rostr. - loose smut of oats * '' U. brizae'' - on ''Briza media'' * '' U. bullata'' - brome smut * '' U. cynodontis'' - Bermuda grass smut * '' U. esculenta'' P. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danthonia Californica
''Danthonia californica'' is a species of grass known by the common name California oatgrass. This plant is native to two separate regions of the Americas, western North America from California to Saskatchewan, and Chile. Description ''Danthonia californica'' is a clumping erect perennial bunch grass with stems approaching a meter (3 feet) in height at maximum. The leaves are flat and short and may be hairy or hairless. The inflorescence holds one or more spikelets, each spikelet holding up to eight florets. This grass grows best in moist areas, generally in thin forests and meadows. Typical native grass associates in the far western North American coastal prairies are '' Festuca idahoensis'', '' Deschampsia caespitosa'', and '' Nassella pulchra''.C. Michael Hogan. 2009 See also *California coastal prairie California coastal prairie, also known as northern coastal grassland, is a grassland plant community of California and Oregon in the temperate grasslands, savannas, and sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barley
Barley (), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains; it was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around 9000 BC, giving it nonshattering spikelets and making it much easier to harvest. Its use then spread throughout Eurasia by 2000 BC. Barley prefers relatively low temperatures and well-drained soil to grow. It is relatively tolerant of drought and soil salinity, but is less winter-hardy than wheat or rye. In 2023, barley was fourth among grains in quantity produced, 146 million tonnes, behind maize, rice, and wheat. Globally, 70% of barley production is used as animal feed, while 30% is used as a source of fermentable material for beer, or further distilled into whisky, and as a component of various foods. It is used in soups and stews and in barley bread of various cultures. Barley grains are commonly made into malt using a traditional and ancient method of preparatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
