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Echinochloa
''Echinochloa'' is a very widespread genus of plants in the grass family and tribe Paniceae. Some of the species are known by the common names barnyard grass or cockspur grass. Some of the species within this genus are millets that are grown as cereal or fodder crops. The most notable of these are Japanese millet (''E. esculenta'') in East Asia, Indian barnyard millet (''E. frumentacea'') in South Asia, and burgu millet (''E. stagnina'') in West Africa. Collectively, the members of this genus are called barnyard grasses (though this may also refer to '' E. crus-galli'' specifically), and are also known as barnyard millets or billion-dollar grasses. When not grown on purpose, these grasses may become a nuisance to farmers. In particular, common barnyard grass (''E. crus-galli'') is notorious as a weed. It is not easily suppressed with living mulches such as velvet bean (''Mucuna pruriens'' var. ''utilis''). Early barnyard grass (''E. oryzoides'') is a well-known example ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ornithospermum
''Echinochloa'' is a very widespread genus of plants in the Poaceae, grass family and tribe Paniceae. Some of the species are known by the common names barnyard grass or cockspur grass. Some of the species within this genus are millets that are grown as cereal or fodder crops. The most notable of these are Echinochloa esculenta, Japanese millet (''E. esculenta'') in East Asia, Echinochloa frumentacea, Indian barnyard millet (''E. frumentacea'') in South Asia, and Echinochloa stagnina, burgu millet (''E. stagnina'') in West Africa. Collectively, the members of this genus are called barnyard grasses (though this may also refer to ''Echinochloa crus-galli, E. crus-galli'' specifically), and are also known as barnyard millets or billion-dollar grasses. When not grown on purpose, these grasses may become a nuisance to farmers. In particular, echinochloa crus-galli, common barnyard grass (''E. crus-galli'') is notorious as a weed. It is not easily suppressed with living mulches such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinochloa Crus-galli
''Echinochloa crus-galli'' is a type of wild grass originating from tropical Asia that was formerly classified as a type of panicum grass. It is commonly known as cockspur (or cockspur grass), barnyard millet, Japanese millet, water grass, common barnyard grass, or simply "barnyard grass" (which may refer to any species of '' Echinochloa'' or the genus as a whole however). This plant can grow to in height and has long, flat leaves which are often purplish at the base. Most stems are upright, but some will spread out over the ground. Stems are flattened at the base. The seed heads are a distinctive feature, often purplish, with large millet-like seeds in crowded spikelets. Considered one of the world's worst weeds, it reduces crop yields and causes forage crops to fail by removing up to 80% of the available soil nitrogen. It acts as a host for several mosaic virus diseases.Heuzé V., Thiollet H., Tran G., Lebas F., 2017. Cockspur grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) forage. Feediped ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinochloa Esculenta
''Echinochloa esculenta'' or ''Echinochloa utilis'' is a type of millet originating from East Asia, and is part of the Poaceae family, making it a grass.Yabuno, T. Japanese barnyard millet (Echinochloa utilis, poaceae) in Japan. Econ Bot 41, 484–493 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02908141 ''E. esculenta'' is colloquially known as Japanese millet, but possesses many other names, such as: Japanese barnyard millet, marsh millet, Siberian millet, and white millet.Lim, E. A., Lee, K. W., Choi, B. R., Park, H. S., Woo, J. H., Kim, D. I., & Lee, S. H. (2021). A Study on Features of Forage Barnyard Millet and Related Research Trends. Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science, 41(3), 217-222. Its primary usage in the USA is for forage and for wildlife habitats. In Japan, Korea and northeastern China, the millet is grown on a small scale primarily for fodder. Japanese millet is not a main cereal crop, and is therefore considered an alternative crop. ''Echinochloa'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinochloa Frumentacea
''Echinochloa frumentacea'' (Indian barnyard millet, sawa millet, or billion dollar grass)''Echinochloa frumentacea''. USDA NRCS Plant Fact Sheet. is a species of ''''. Both ''Echinochloa frumentacea'' and '' E. esculenta'' are called Japanese millet. This is widely grown as a cereal in , |
Echinochloa Stagnina
''Echinochloa stagnina'' (Burgu millet, bourgou, hippo grass) is a species of '' Echinochloa'' widespread in tropical Africa and Asia, with an invasive status in many Pacific islands. It was once one of the major grasses cultivated in the Inner Niger Delta of the Niger River The Niger River ( ; ) is the main river of West Africa, extending about . Its drainage basin is in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through Mali, Nige .... It was cultivated by the Fulani people, who used the seeds as food, and to make both alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages. It tolerates floods well, and has been replanted in Africa, where it has helped to control erosion and provides hay for animals. A traditional food plant in Africa, this little-known grain has potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, foster rural development and support sustainable landcare. Local names * * Laotian: ປ� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Echinochloa Oryzoides
''Echinochloa oryzoides'' is a species of grass known by the common name early barnyard grass. Its origin is not certain but it may be Eurasia. The grass is a major weed A weed is a plant considered undesirable in a particular situation, growing where it conflicts with human preferences, needs, or goals.Harlan, J. R., & deWet, J. M. (1965). Some thoughts about weeds. ''Economic botany'', ''19''(1), 16-24. Pla ... of rice paddies; it is a serious problem as it is an effective Vavilovian mimic of rice, very difficult to separate from the crop. References External links Jepson Manual Treatment [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Millet
Millets () are a highly varied group of small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food. Most millets belong to the tribe Paniceae. Millets are important crops in the Semi-arid climate, semiarid tropics of Asia and Africa, especially in India, Mali, Nigeria, and Niger, with 97% of production in Developing country, developing countries. The crop is favoured for its Agricultural productivity, productivity and short growing season under hot dry conditions. The millets are sometimes understood to include the widely cultivated sorghum; apart from that, pearl millet is the most commonly cultivated of the millets. Finger millet, proso millet, and foxtail millet are other important crop species. Millets may have been consumed by humans for about 7,000 years and potentially had "a pivotal role in the rise of multi-crop agriculture and settled farming societies". Etymology The word ''millet'' is derived via Old French ''millet, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paniceae
Paniceae is a large tribe (biology), tribe of the subfamily Panicoideae in the grasses (Poaceae), the only in the monotypic taxon, monotypic supertribe Panicodae. It includes roughly 1,500 species in 84 genera, primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Paniceae includes species using either of the C4 carbon fixation, C4 and C3 photosynthesis, C3 photosynthetic pathways, as well as presumably intermediate species. Most of the millets are members of tribe Paniceae. The tribe is subdivided into seven subtribes, but some genera are as yet unplaced (''incertae sedis''). Species in the Paniceae have an ancestral chromosome number (monoploid number) of ''x'' = 9, while species with ''x'' = 10 formerly included are now recognised as separate tribe, Paspaleae. Subtribes and genera Subdivisions: Gallery References Sources * * General references * * Panicoideae Poaceae tribes {{Panicoideae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rice Hoja Blanca Virus
Rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV), Spanish for "white leaf rice virus", is a plant virus in the family ''Phenuiviridae''. RHBV causes Hoja blanca disease (HBD), which affects the leaves of the rice plant ''Oryza sativa'', stunting the growth of the plant or killing it altogether. RHBV is carried by an insect vector, '' Tagosodes orizicolus'', a type of planthopper. The virus is found in South America, Mexico, throughout Central America, the Caribbean region, and the southern United States. In South America, the disease is endemic to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, French Guiana and Guyana. Virology Viral classification RHBV is a single stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the genus '' Tenuivirus'', derived from the Latin "''tenui"'', meaning thin or weak. This comes from the nature of ''Tenuiviruses'' to form thin, filamentous viral particles. Other viruses in the genus ''Tenuivirus'' include maize stripe virus (MSV), rice stripe virus (RSV), and rice grassy stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Living Mulch
In agriculture, a living mulch is a cover crop interplanted or undersown with a main crop, and intended to serve the purposes of a mulch, such as weed suppression and regulation of soil temperature. Living mulches grow for a long time with the main crops, whereas cover crops are incorporated into the soil or killed with herbicides. Other benefits of mulches are slowing the growth of weeds, and protecting soil from water and wind erosion. Some living mulches were found to increase populations of the natural enemies of crop pests.Hartwig N.L., H.. Ammon 2002 Cover crops and living mulches Weed Sci. 50: 688-699 Legumes used as living mulches also provide nitrogen fixation, reducing the need for fertilizer. Benefits When cover crops are turned over into the soil, they contribute nutrients to the main crop so that less chemical fertilizer is required.Brophy L. S., G. H. Heichel and M.P. Russelle. 1987 Nitrogen transfer from forage legumes to grass in a systematic planting design Cro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vavilovian Mimicry
In plant biology and agriculture, Vavilovian mimicry (also crop mimicry or weed mimicry) is a form of mimicry in plants where a weed evolves to share characteristics with a crop plant through generations of involuntary artificial selection. It is named after the Russian plant geneticist Nikolai Vavilov. Selection against the weed may occur by killing a young or adult weed, by separating its seeds from those of the crop by winnowing, or both. The process has operated since Neolithic times, creating secondary crops such as rye and oats through mimicry of cereals such as wheat. Definition Vavilovian mimicry is a form of mimicry in plants where a weed of cultivation evolves to share characteristics with a crop through generations of artificial selection. It is sometimes described as crop mimicry or weed mimicry. It is named after Nikolai Vavilov, a prominent Russian plant geneticist of the early 20th century. In addition, Vavilov described as 'secondary crops' cereals such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
