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Unicornuate Uterus
A unicornuate uterus represents a uterine malformation where the uterus is formed from only one of the paired Müllerian ducts while the other Müllerian duct does not develop or only in a rudimentary fashion. The sometimes called hemi-uterus has a single horn linked to the ipsilateral fallopian tube that faces its ovary. Signs and symptoms Women with the condition may be asymptomatic and unaware of having a unicornuate uterus; normal pregnancy may occur. In a review of the literature Reichman et al. analyzed the data on pregnancy outcome of 290 women with a unicornuate uterus. 175 women had conceived for a total of 468 pregnancies. They found that about 50% of patients delivered a live baby. The rates for ectopic pregnancy was 2.7%, for miscarriage 34%, and for preterm delivery 20%, while the intrauterine demise rate was 10%. Thus patients with a unicornuate uterus are at a higher risk for pregnancy loss and obstetrical complications. Cause The uterus is normally formed durin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hysterosalpingogram
Hysterosalpingography (HSG), also known as uterosalpingography, is a radiologic procedure to investigate the shape of the uterine cavity and the shape and patency of the fallopian tubes. It is a special x-ray procedure using dye to look at the womb (uterus) and fallopian tubes. In this procedure, a radio-opaque material is injected into the cervical canal, and radiographs are taken. A normal result shows the filling of the uterine cavity and the bilateral filling of the fallopian tube with the injection material. To demonstrate tubal patency, spillage of the material into the peritoneal cavity needs to be observed. Hysterosalpingography has vital role in treatment of infertility, especially in the case of fallopian tube blockage. Uses HSG is considered a diagnostic procedure. It is used in the workup of infertile females to assess the patency of fallopian tubes, assess the competency of the cervix or congenital abnormality of the uterus in multiple miscarriages, assess the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bicornuate Uterus
A bicornuate uterus or bicornate uterus (from the Latin ''cornū'', meaning "horn"), is a type of müllerian anomalies, Müllerian anomaly in the human uterus, where there is a deep indentation at the Uterus#Structure, fundus (top) of the uterus. Pathophysiology A bicornuate uterus develops during embryogenesis. It occurs when the proximal (upper) portions of the paramesonephric ducts do not fuse, but the distal portions that develops into the lower uterine segment, cervix, and upper vagina fuse normally. Diagnosis Diagnosis of bicornuate uterus typically involves imaging of the uterus with 2D or 3D Gynecologic ultrasonography, ultrasound, hysterosalpingography, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). On imaging, a bicornuate uterus can be distinguished from a septate uterus by the angle between the cornua (intercornual angle): less than 75 degrees in a septate uterus, and greater than 105 degrees in a bicornuate uterus. Measuring the depth of the cleft between the cornua (fundal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Premature Birth
Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, as opposed to full-term delivery at approximately 40 weeks. Extreme preterm is less than 28 weeks, very early preterm birth is between 28 and 32 weeks, early preterm birth occurs between 32 and 34 weeks, late preterm birth is between 34 and 36 weeks' gestation. These babies are also known as premature babies or colloquially preemies (American English) or premmies (Australian English). Symptoms of preterm labor include uterine contractions which occur more often than every ten minutes and/or the leaking of fluid from the vagina before 37 weeks. Premature infants are at greater risk for cerebral palsy, delays in development, hearing problems and problems with their vision. The earlier a baby is born, the greater these risks will be. The cause of spontaneous preterm birth is often not known. Risk factors include diabetes, high blood pressure, multiple gestation (being ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miscarriage
Miscarriage, also known in medical terms as a spontaneous abortion, is an end to pregnancy resulting in the loss and expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the womb before it can fetal viability, survive independently. Miscarriage before 6 weeks of gestation is defined as biochemical loss by European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, ESHRE. Once ultrasound or histological evidence shows that a pregnancy has existed, the term used is clinical miscarriage, which can be "early" (before 12 weeks) or "late" (between 12 and 21 weeks). Spontaneous fetal termination after 20 weeks of gestation is known as a stillbirth. The term ''miscarriage'' is sometimes used to refer to all forms of pregnancy loss and pregnancy with abortive outcomes before 20 weeks of gestation. The most common symptom of a miscarriage is vaginal bleeding, with or without pain. Tissue (biology), Tissue and clot-like material may leave the uterus and pass through and out of the vagina. Risk factors for misc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uterine Rupture
Uterine rupture is when the muscular wall of the uterus tears during pregnancy or childbirth. Symptoms, while classically including increased pain, vaginal bleeding, or a change in contractions, are not always present. Disability or death of the mother or baby may result. Risk factors include vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC), other uterine scars, obstructed labor, induction of labor, trauma, and cocaine use. While typically rupture occurs during labor it may occasionally happen earlier in pregnancy. Diagnosis may be suspected based on a rapid drop in the baby's heart rate during labor. Uterine dehiscence is a less severe condition in which there is only incomplete separation of the old scar. Treatment involves rapid surgery to control bleeding and delivery of the baby. A hysterectomy may be required to control the bleeding. Blood transfusions may be given to replace blood loss. Women who have had a prior rupture are generally recommended to have C-sections in sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pregnancy In A Rudimentary Horn
Pregnancy in a rudimentary horn of the uterus is a very rare type of ectopic pregnancy. This type of pregnancy can be life-threatening, as the rudimentary horn is not meant to sustain a pregnancy and is at risk of rupturing. Unicornuate uterus with rudimentary horn is a type of congenital uterine anomaly that arises when one of the Müllerian ducts fails to develop fully, resulting in a small rudimentary horn on one side of the uterus. Different terms have been used in the literature to describe the rudimentary horn, such as uterus bicornis with accessory horn, uterus bicornis unicollis with rudimentary horn, uterus bicornis unicollis with atretic horn, hernia uterus inguinale, and Robert's uterus. Complications This condition is considered a medical emergency, as rupture of the rudimentary horn can occur in the late first or second trimester of pregnancy (between 10 and 15 weeks of gestation), leading to massive bleeding and threatening the patient's life. Pregnancy in a rudime ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy is the inspection of the uterine cavity by endoscopy with access through the cervix. It allows for the diagnosis of intrauterine pathology and serves as a method for surgical intervention (operative hysteroscopy). Hysteroscope A hysteroscope is an endoscope that carries optical and light channels or fibers. It is introduced in a sheath that provides an inflow and outflow channel for insufflation of the uterine cavity. In addition, an operative channel may be present to introduce scissors, graspers or biopsy instruments. A hysteroscopic resectoscope is similar to a transurethral resectoscope and allows entry of an electric loop to shave off tissue, for instance to eliminate a fibroid. A ''contact hysteroscope'' is a hysteroscope that does not use distention media. Procedure Hysteroscopy has been carried out in hospitals, surgical centers and doctors' offices. It is best carried out when the endometrium is relatively thin, that is after a menstruation. Both diagnost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hysterosalpingography
Hysterosalpingography (HSG), also known as uterosalpingography, is a radiology, radiologic procedure to investigate the shape of the uterine cavity and the shape and patency of the fallopian tubes. It is a special x-ray procedure using Contrast agent, dye to look at the womb (uterus) and fallopian tubes. In this procedure, a radio-opaque material is injected into the cervix, cervical canal, and radiographs are taken. A normal result shows the filling of the uterine cavity and the bilateral filling of the fallopian tube with the injection material. To demonstrate tubal patency, spillage of the material into the peritoneal cavity needs to be observed. Hysterosalpingography has vital role in treatment of infertility, especially in the case of fallopian tube blockage. Uses HSG is considered a Diagnosis, diagnostic procedure. It is used in the workup of infertile females to assess the patency of fallopian tubes, assess the competency of the cervix or congenital abnormality of the ute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sonohysterography
Gynecologic ultrasonography or gynecologic sonography refers to the application of medical ultrasonography to the female pelvic organs (specifically the uterus, the ovaries, and the fallopian tubes) as well as the bladder, the adnexa, and the recto-uterine pouch. The procedure may lead to other medically relevant findings in the pelvis.This technique is useful to detect myomas or mullerian malformations. Routes The examination can be performed by transabdominal ultrasonography, generally with a full bladder which acts as an acoustic window to achieve better visualization of pelvis organs, or by transvaginal ultrasonography with a specifically designed vaginal transducer. Transvaginal imaging utilizes a higher frequency imaging, which gives better resolution of the ovaries, uterus and endometrium (the fallopian tubes are generally not seen unless distended), but is limited to depth of image penetration, whereas larger lesions reaching into the abdomen are better seen trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transvaginal Ultrasonography
Vaginal ultrasonography is a medical ultrasonography that applies an ultrasound transducer (or "probe") in the vagina to visualize organs within the pelvic cavity. It is also called transvaginal ultrasonography because the ultrasound waves go ''across'' the vaginal wall to study tissues beyond it. Uses Vaginal ultrasonography is used both as a means of gynecologic ultrasonography and obstetric ultrasonography Obstetric ultrasonography, or prenatal ultrasound, is the use of medical ultrasonography in pregnancy, in which sound waves are used to create real-time visual images of the developing embryo or fetus in the uterus (womb). The procedure is a stand .... It is preferred over abdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. It also can be used to evaluate patients with post-menopausal bleeding. The finding on transvaginal ultrasound of a thin endometrial lining gives the physician a 99% negative predictive value that the patient does not have endometrial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uterus Didelphys
Uterus didelphys (; sometimes also ''uterus '') represents a uterine malformation where the uterus is present as a paired organ when the embryogenetic fusion of the Müllerian ducts fails to occur. As a result, there is a double uterus with two separate cervices, and possibly a double vagina as well. Each uterus has a single horn linked to the ipsilateral fallopian tube that faces its ovary. Most non-human mammals have a non-single uterus with separation of horns. Marsupials and rodents have a double uterus ( uterus duplex). In other animals (''e.g.'' nematodes), the term 'didelphic' refers to a double genital tract, as opposed to monodelphic, with a single tract. Signs and symptoms Those with the condition may be asymptomatic and unaware of having a double uterus. However, a study by Heinonen showed that certain conditions are more common. In his study of 26 women with a double uterus gynecological complaints included dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia. All patients displayed a do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Septate Uterus
A uterine septum is a congenital uterine malformation where the uterine cavity is partitioned by a longitudinal septum; the outside of the uterus has a normal typical shape. The wedge-like partition may involve only the superior part of the cavity resulting in an ''incomplete septum'' or a ''subseptate uterus'', or less frequently the total length of the cavity (''complete septum'') and the cervix resulting in a double cervix. The septation may also continue caudally into the vagina resulting in a " double vagina". Signs and symptoms The condition may not be known to the affected individual and not result in any reproductive problems; thus normal pregnancies may occur. In more serious cases have reported high infertility rates. However, it is associated with a higher risk for miscarriage, premature birth, and malpresentation. According to the classical study by Buttram there is a 60% risk of a spontaneous abortion, this being more common in the second than in the first trimeste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
